Functions of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives in Improving Rural Modern Circulation System

This paper firstly described current development situation of China's rural circulation system. In the process of accelerating modernization,the supply and marketing cooperative is always an essential force,but the gap between urban and rural circulation system is still expanding. On the basis of current development situation,it analyzed functions of supply and marketing cooperatives in rural logistics system. Finally,it came up with recommendations for improving China's rural circulation system. In the new period,it is recommended to bring into play advantages of supply and marketing cooperatives,expand the coverage,gradually promote industry upgrade of renewable resource recycling,and constantly strengthen functions of supply and marketing cooperatives in building the rural modern circulation system,to build supply and marketing cooperatives into new forces and comprehensive platform for farmers' production and living services.

Technological Innovation of Agricultural Products Processing Enterprises from the Perspective of Modern Marketing——A Case of Agricultural Products Processing Enterprises in Hubei Province,China

The science and technology development of agricultural products processing enterprises in Hubei Province is analyzed.From the perspective of modern marketing,problems in the research and development work of agricultural products processing enterprises are analyzed from the aspects of market,personal training and technology radiation,which are mainly the lack of close connection with market.Countermeasures for the technological innovation of agricultural products processing enterprises are put forward,such as establishing modern enterprise culture with innovative features,strengthening the market benefits of brand,constructing a comprehensive customer orientation information platform,scientifically predicting and developing the market,doing well in market positioning of enterprise,selecting corresponding technology innovation strategy,taking technological innovation strategy as the basis,realizing the transformation from "4P" marketing combination to "4C",cultivating technical personnel,and realizing the integration of professional skill and marketing ability.

A model of local labor market regulation of China in the transition period

With the establishment of labor market of China, market is playing a more and mare important role in allocation of human resources. However, with the transition of economy in China and industrial upgrading in recent years, many labor problems have occurred which do harm to the sustainable development of local economy. The paper researches on the labor market issues of China from the perspective of local labor market regulation. Firstly, it reviews the theories of local labor market regulation. And then the main components of local labor market regulation of China are identified and the evaluation index system is established. The results of analysis of the calculated output show that （1） the local labor market regulation of China has an obvious character of gradient distribution geographically and decreases gradually from east to west; （2） of all the regulations, the regulation of the development of human capital has the most significant impact on local economy currently which is followed by the regulation of labor relation and the regulation of market participation. As to the regulation of social security, it has no Significant impact on the development of local economy.

The Study-to-work Transition of Chinese International Students: Navigating a Future in the Global Labour Market

In the global competition for talents,the massive inflow of Chinese students into the UK has drawn great attention.However,only a few studies examine students’interactions with socioeconomic structures in their study-to-work transition.This study used Higher Education Statistics AgencyHESA,22data and interview data collected from Chinese postgraduate students,and it aims to:investigate structural factors that influence post-study migration patterns of Chinese students;and explore how Chinese students interact with wider social structures.This study found that different configurations between students"goals,""actions,"and"reflexivity"would lead to different employment outcomes.Three different study-to-work transition strategies were identified:"proceeding without a fixed plan";"reaching a compromise";and"knowing goals and approaching goals".Findings suggest that the transition between study and work is more complex than what is described in human capital and push-pull approaches.A better understanding of students’decision-making processes would help higher education institutions in preparing graduates for careers in the global labour market.

Do Traditional Thing in Modern Way Wedding tide of the 1980s stokes bedding market

People born in 1980s’ is the first generation after the implementation of China’s family planning policy,so they are coddled in a relatively more affluent environment,hence they are with a grain of characters quite different from their parents and other generations before.Youth, energy,creativeness and full of fantasy ideas are the best annotation for them.When it comes to the time for them to turn a new leaf in their life--the marriage,those young people absolutely don’t miss the opportunity to show up their prime and taste.Just spurred by their individuality which is in pursuit of doing things unconventional or unorthodox, they are prone to try and accept new things in a bold way.So when they are set to announce their matrimony,they are also declaring that their time comes and they become domination of markets of all field including bedding textile……

Currencies of greater interest for central Asian economies:an analysis of exchange market pressure amid global and regional interdependence

Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.Monetary authorities in CAEs,(already have a challenge of maintaining monetary policy autonomy)have a gigantic task of price stability and stopping the spread of dollarization.This study is directed towards assessing the drivers and the determinants of foreign exchange market pressure in CAEs.The results,based on panel data analysis and the System GMM model,have provided useful insights about the exchange market pressure determinants particularly USD,Euro,Ruble,and Renminbi.The results show that China and Russia exchange market pressure has a negative effect on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.While the dollar index shows a positive impact on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.Overall,the findings imply that China and Russia currency appreciation results in a trade deficit across CAEs.The policy implication suggests that the floating exchange rate regime(inflation targeting regime)is not in favor of CAEs,and they must use managed-float to reduce their trade deficits.

A New“Consumption-production”Market Model

Based on the long tail model,this paper assumes a new form of mutual change between producers and consumers and obtains a consumption and production economic model adapted to the modern market economy,and carries out practical verification of the model.The conclusion is that the main body of the future market economy will change from producers to consumers.

An Extension of One-Period Nash Equilibrium Model in Non-Life Insurance Markets

This paper deals with an extension of the one-period model in non-life insurance markets (cf. [1]) by using a transition probability matrix depending on some economic factors. We introduce a multi-period model and in each period the solvency constraints will be updated. Moreover, the model has the inactive state including some uninsured population. Similar results on the existence of premium equilibrium and sensitivity analysis for this model are presented and illustrated by numerical results.

The Contribution of Marketization to China＇s Economic Growth

Market-oriented economic transition since 1978 has led to remarkable economic development in China. In this study, we use the National Economic Research Institute （NERI） Index of Marketization and a panel data model to investigate the quantitative contributions of marketization to China＇s total factor productivity （TFP） and economic growth. Our results indicate that marketization contributed 1.45 percentage points on average to China＇s annual economic growth rate during the period from 1997 to 2007 and accounted for 39.2 percent of the increase in TFP. Marketization significantly improved resource allocation. However, economic transition in China has not yet been completed and sustainability of future growth will depend on further market-oriented reforms.

Disequilibrium Analysis of Money Market in China

By the disequilibrium economic theory,this paper first investigates the disequilibrium mathematical economic model of the money market in China.Then,we study the disequilibrium transition of Chinese money market from 1954 to 1993 using a non parametric local fitting technique.Without assuming explicit functional forms,the method of locally weighted maximum likelihood is applied to estimate and test the variations in demand and supply during the period between 1954 to 1993.Furthermore,the disequilibrium state and mechanism of Chinese money market are inspected and the direction,the strength and the fluctuation of the disequilibrium are discussed respectively.Finally the policy suggestions are given about adjusting effectively money demand and supply under the condition of co existing of plan and market economy.In this paper,a brief review on the disequilibrium researches on money market in foreign countries is also given.

Capacity Market Mechanism Design,Considering Network Optimization and Energy Transition

The coordination of enrgy transition,fixed cost recovery,and sufficient generation supply leads to a new challenge for a traditional capacity market mechanism.Moreover,in order to better match network expansion at the same time,it is crucial to redesign the capacity market mechanism considering system topology.In this paper,a novel capacity market mechanism is proposed considering spot market operations,network expansion,and energy transition,which can minimize the total cost of capacity investment,network expansion,and generation operations,while satisfying the energy transition constraints and topology circumstances.Specifically,the capacity market mechanism co-ordinated with spot market operations is illustrated,in which the energy transition and network constraints are embedded.Then,a bi-level optimization model is established where the trade organizers minimize the total cost of both investment and operations,subject to the spot power market simultaneously minimizing the local dispatching costs.The numerical results of a test system show that more economical capacity portfolios can be obtained by constructing reasonable transmission lines,thereby obtaining a more optimal market cost.A detailed multi-scenario simulation is further analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed market mechanism.

A Note on Transition Kernels for the Most UnfavourableMixed Strategies of the Market

We consider a deterministic model of market evolution with trading constraints andapply a game-theoretic approach to the superhedging problem.We obtain sufficientconditions for the game equilibrium and prove under these conditions the existenceof a Borel-measurable transition kernel describing dependence on price prehistory ofthe most unfavourable mixed strategy of the market.

How Market-Guanxi Ambidexterity Affects Adaptive Capability in China＇s Transition Economy

Whether market- and guanxi-based strategies are complementary or substitutable in shaping adaptive capability is a critical yet controversial issue. This paper tackles this problem by adopting the ambidexterity perspective. Specifically, using a sample of 185 Chinese private firms, this study examines the independent and interactive effects of market orientation （MO） and guanxi orientation （GO, i.e., emphasizing on building business and political ties） on adaptive capability of firms in transition economies. Our results suggest that both direct impacts and complementary impacts of MO and GO strongly exist in shaping firms＇ adaptive capability, indicating the importance of ＂strategic ambidexterity.＂ These findings have several theoretical implications for studies on ambidexterity and adaptive capability, and practical implications for finn strategies in transition economies.

Can the improvement of competitive adequacy and fairness reduce discriminatory M&A behavior?Evidence from the market access negative list pilot in China

Corporate mergers and acquisitions(M&As)are subject to skewed logic due to excessive government regulation.China is progressively adopting the Market Access Negative List(MANL)pilot to transfer the power of resource allocation from the government to the market.Using the DID method,we examine the impact of relaxing market access regulation on firms’M&A behavior against China’s institutional background and the M&A events of listed companies from 2012 to 2019.The MANL significantly increases firms’M&A tendency and amount and strengthens the competitive adequacy and fairness of market-oriented M&A decisions.Post-M&A financial performance does not increase,but human capital productivity,innovation effectiveness and total factor productivity do,demonstrating the dynamic balance of profit and efficiency in M&As.

Formation of City-Lake Integrated Urban Morphology in Hangzhou: A Study on the Related History Starting from the New Market Plan of the Lakefront District in Early Modern Times

In the early modern times in China, local planners have made several construction plans for Hangzhou's old city center and the West Lake, resulting in the gradual formation of a city-lake integrated urban form, which is valued nowadays for its uniqueness and characteristically Chinese cityscape aesthetics. The key plan that spurred this process of linking the old city with the West Lake was a plan titled "Building a New Market"(1914). By elucidating the time, process, and contents of the plan, this paper analyzes the spatial transformation of the lakefront districts based on old maps, and then interprets how it led the forming process of the "city-lake integrated" urban form in Hangzhou.

China＇s Market Transition： A Third Reform Strategy

This paper tries to explain how China can keep domestic stability under both socialist government and rapid capitalist economic growth. By tracing China＇s reform experience and comparing it with the mainstream reform strategies, the paper argues that, first, Chin＇s reform strategy is fundamentally different from the conventional reform strategies; second, China＇s success to a large extent is the result of Chinese leaders＇ decision making and careful management over reform process rather than of simply market force. Finally, the paper suggests that the active role the Chinese Communist Party plays in economic reform grants its legitimacy, thus enabling it to enjoy political stability under long term rapid economic and social transition.

China and the World under the Goals of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality:Green and Low-Carbon Transition,Green Finance,Carbon Market,and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

China has always tried to maintain multilateralism and advocated working together to deal with global climate change through multilateral mechanisms.Although China's announcement to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 comes as no surprise,its commitment to carbon neutrality does.As the period between its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is far shorter than that in the developed countries,China's economic and energy structures need to be adjusted toward the low-carbon and carbon-free end with unprecedented efforts.To that end,China should define the responsibilities of local authorities and industrial entities to promote the orderly accomplishment of carbon peaking in all regions and industries.To supply the huge investments needed to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,China has an urgent need to accelerate the development of green finance and a national carbon emissions trading market,guide the rational allocation of resources,and channel resources to eco-friendly projects for green and low-carbon development.At the same time,China and the international community should strengthen dialogue and coordination,promote international cooperation on the way to carbon neutrality,formulate widely acceptable policy guidelines as soon as possible,and avoid unilateral measures that may cause conflicts.

Market Transition and Income Inequality in Urban China： Evidence from Shapley Value Decomposition

China＇s market-oriented reform is expected to strengthen the role of the market in allocating resources, which raises concerns over the impact of market transformation on income distribution and earnings inequality in the past decades. This paper decomposes the sources of inequality based on the newly developed Shapley value approach and examines the contributions of the market, along with other nonmarket factors, to total inequality. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data over the period 1989-2009, we find that the income gap between laborers with a higher level of education and those with a lower level has widened since the transformational reforms of the economy. Our results suggest that the largest contribution of changes in income inequality can be attributed to the increase in returns to education, while the relative contributions of the household registration （hukou） system, type of sector ownership, geographic location, and gender to inequality experienced a downward trend between 1989 and 2009. The authors argue that rising income inequality is the consequence of efficiency improvements and an imperfect economic system, and that the market is a decisive force in economic development as it releases competitive signals and creates incentive mechanisms for innovation. Creating a more efficient labor market and increasing investment in human capital, particularly equalizing educational opportunities and improving the quality of education in lagging rural and inland regions to disadvantaged groups, are significant for an equitable distribution of income and sustainable development in the long run.