Optimal social welfare:A many-to-many data transaction mechanism based on double auctions

With the development of Big Data and the Internet of Things(IoT),the data value is more significant in both academia and industry.Trading can achieve maximal data value and prepare data for smart city services.Due to data's unique characteristics,such as dispersion,heterogeneity and distributed storage,an unbiased platform is necessary for the data trading market with rational trading entities.Meanwhile,there are multiple buyers and sellers in a practical data trading market,and this makes it challenging to maximize social welfare.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a Social-Welfare-Oriented Many-to-Many Trading Mechanism(SOMTM),which integrates three entities,a trading process and an algorithm named Many-to-Many Trading Algorithm(MMTA).Based on the market scale,market dominated-side and market fixed-side,simulations verify the convergency,economic properties and efficiency of SOMTM.

Empirical analysis of carbon tariff's effect on the export structure of China's manufacturing industry and social welfare based on the GTAP model

In recent years,carbon emissions have gradually evolved from an environment issue into a political and economic one.Carbon tariff has brought about new trade barriers of developed countries,and in order to enhance the industrial competitiveness of developed countries,it will produce unfavorable impact on developing countries.Concentrated on the manufacturing industry,which is the most intensive high-carbon industry in China's export structure,this article studies the relationship between carbon tariff policy and industry structure of export trade and builds up a relation between climate change and international trade.First,by means of establishing a partial equilibrium model,it applies geometric analysis and mathematical analysis to compute the impact on China's manufacturing export trade and the consequences of the introduction of the US carbon tariff to China's manufacturing industry that has already imposed a domestic shipping carbon tax.Furthermore,with the application of the GTAP model,it estimates the overall economic and welfare effects on China's manufacturing industry if the US and Europe introduce carbon tariff by means of four ways,and then analyzes the influence on China's manufacturing industry export structure and social welfare as well.The result shows that the introduction of the US carbon import tariff lowers China's export price and export volume,and the implementation of a domestic carbon tax justifies a higher export price and a lower export volume for China.However,the degree of export reduction is smaller than that under the effect of the US carbon tariff.In the case of developed countries imposing carbon tariff on China's energy-intensive industries,such as chemical rubber products,oil and coal-processing industry and paper industry,whose export would be reduced,the negative impact on the paper industry is the severest,which will decrease the paper industry's export ranging from 1.79%to 6.05%,whereas the other industries' export will increase.Anyhow,it will promote China's manufacturing industry to adjust the export structure to a certain extent.In addition,it will lead to a decrease in China's welfare,with a decrease between $2,134 billion and $8,347 billion.Finally,this paper provides information on international coordination,export structure adjustment and green manufacturing adjustment as a reference for the development of China's manufacturing industry.

Social Marketing:An Advocacy Empirical Analysis of Service Objects of Public Welfare Organizations

The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change the behavior,attitude,concept,and so on of target audiences.For the public welfare organization,the basis of its service project design is the organization's mission and location.The key to achieve the organizational mission is to be able to lock the service objects and respond to the needs of service objects effectively.This research is based on the theoretical framework of social marketing and based on the questionnaire survey and analysis of the advocacy effectiveness and problems of service objects of the 327 public service organizations in China.Using the Delphi method and the entropy method,the 6P model of social marketing for service objects advocacy in the field of domestic public welfare practice is concise,and a new operational mechanism for service objects advocacy of public welfare organizations is proposed to implement the mission and value of public welfare organizations and contribute to the change of service objects.

The social welfare effect of forest certification under environmental spillovers

Forest certification has positive environmental spillovers.Considering environmental spillovers,this study ana‐lyzed the social welfare effects of forest certification using partial and general equilibrium methods.The re‐sults of the partial equilibrium analysis showed that social welfare in producing countries tended to increase under the market expansion of certified forest products.The general equilibrium analysis results indicated that,in autarky,or economic independence,the production amount of certified forest products could increase.If conventional forest products are imported and certified forest products are exported,then the level of utility in free trade condition is greater than that in autarky.If conventional forest products are exported and certi‐fied forest products are imported,then the price of imported products must be compared with the price of the autarky domestic market to determine the utility level of free trade and autarky.If the price of certified prod‐ucts is less than the price at the time of autarky,then the total utility level increases;otherwise,it decreases.The social welfare effect of forest certification can be increased through expanding the market demand of cer‐tified products and giving these products subsidies in production and price incentives in importing.

Social Welfare Transformation and Community Governance Model for the Aging Generation:Rural Community Care in Chiayi County as a Case Study

Over the past two decades,Taiwan’s welfare policies for the elderly have prepared for the arrival of an aged society with the aim of facilitating aging in place(AIP).The Long-Term Care Services Act passed by the Legislative Yuan in 2015 set regulations for long-term care personnel,thereby improving the welfare system for the elderly.The government’s AIP policies focus on providing welfare institutions or service units and do not sufficiently explore key factors such as the relationship between care services and community governance models.Since the basic focus of elderly welfare policies is AIP,it is important to actively empower grassroots community organizations and consider the elderly as important subjects of community participation.AIP policies emphasize providing long-term care and nurturing the elderly until death;such policies will be more proactive and innovative if coproduction is incorporated.This study briefly discusses theories related to coproduction using the case study of Chiayi County’s Dingcaiyian Community Development Association,which links six communities in remote rural villages and establishes a community care network based on the coproduction concept.Follow-up issues related to community care are considered and potential practices and ideas to guide social welfare transformation and community governance in the future are discussed.

Social Work and Social Welfare from a Multidisciplinary Perspective -- A Challenge for Researchers

In 2008, a deep economic crisis started in the US and rapidly spread around the world. The financial and economic crisis, called “The Great Recession”, continues in many countries today and has been considered as the most severe recession in the history of US (after “The Great Depression”). The crisis brought very fast growth in unemployment and it is foreseeable that it will be long lasting and that recovery will be very slow. Hence, such economic change obviously had a significant impact on workers worldwide.

Analysis of Intermediate Product Price and Social Welfare in the Vertical Merger of Enterprises

According to the different products that two upper enterprises produce, this paper analyzes the transfer pricing of intermediate product and the effect of social welfare of vertical merger under imperfect competition market. The conclusions are: the transfer pricing of intermediate product is equal to marginal cost; the perfect outputs that upper enterprises sell to the market before and after the vertical merger of enterprises are the same; the product price in the integrated enterprises may be higher, lower or equal to the price in non-integrated enterprises.

Multi-objective Programming and Social Welfare Analysis of Rural–urban Land Conversion Decision-making

Rural–urban land conversion is an inevitable phenome non in urbanization and industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multiobjective because the socia decision maker (the whole of central government and local author ity) has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups (rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land us ers and the ones affected indirectly) and harmonize the sub-objects (economic, social and ecological outcomes) of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural–urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows tha the general object of rural–urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucia factors which determine the realization of the rural–urban land conversion decision-making objects.

Welfare Balance of Different Interest Groups During Rural-urban Land Conversion

Rural-urban land conversion is currently a common social economic phenomenon during the process of economic development and rural urbanization in China. Rural-urban land conversion is positively effective as far as social and economic benefits are concerned (Yang, 2002), but its negative effect is also evident, resulting in such problems as low efficiency of rural land configuration and loss of social welfare. Consequently, farm-ers should also have an equal chance to enjoy the social welfare enhanced by land conversion. Based on the theories of welfare economy, this paper puts forward policy suggestions by discussing the welfare changes of various interest groups, builds the model of welfare distribution, and analyzes the conditions of maximizing social welfare. The absolute and opposite value of social welfare is closely related with the speed of rural-urban land conversion, and governments should give farmers and collectives fair compensa-tion to make up for the utility loss caused by land expropriation, which are conclusions drawn from this paper. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for regulating targets and evaluation criteria, realizing the mechanism and implementation of public po-lices during rural-urban land conversion.

中国安宁疗护服务体系历史发展、制度化困境与国家政策框架

从现代社会福利制度化建设角度看,中国社会福利服务体系尤其是儿童与老人安宁疗护服务发展缓慢。中国现代安宁疗护服务制度建设的政策框架是“以医院为基础,以社区为中心,以居家为补充”;战略是现代社会主义福利国家制度建设;策略是正式社区照顾服务、健康照顾服务与社会照顾服务体系一体化;路径是解放思想,更新价值观念,明确国家主体福利责任,完善社会福利服务财政制度,加快专门立法,发挥专业社会工作作用等。现代社会福利制度建设是国家、社会现代化的主体与主题。现代社会福利制度质量状况既决定社会政策与全民社会生活质量,又决定生命与死亡质量,其核心是国家权力与公民权利、国家责任与公民义务、个人福利与社会福利责任的社会划分,其实质是全民美好生活需要满足与国家治理制度现代化,其目标是中华民族伟大复兴和中国现代社会主义美好社会。

马克思恩格斯的社会保障思想及其对西方社会保障制度建立的影响

现代社会保障制度最早出现于西欧国家。马克思恩格斯在批判西方资本主义社会时,对劳动者权益、民生福利等社会问题提出了自己的看法并逐渐形成了早期社会保障思想。马克思恩格斯社会保障思想的产生有其特定的经济、政治、社会和文化背景,是在批判吸收欧洲启蒙思想家的人道主义精神、英国古典政治经济学的劳动价值理论和法国空想社会主义的和谐社会思想的基础上形成的。马克思恩格斯的社会保障思想包括对资本主义社会保障的批判和对社会主义社会保障的构想。实现人的自由全面发展是马克思恩格斯社会保障思想的核心和终极目标。整体而言,马克思恩格斯社会保障思想在西方现代社会保障制度的建立过程中发挥了不可忽视的作用,客观上推动了西方现代社会保障制度的建立和发展。

中国儿童家庭福利服务制度70年历史变迁、结构转型和发展方向

2021年中国全面建成小康社会,基本消除绝对贫困现象,中国化现代社会福利服务制度成为现代社会福利制度的核心部分。社会福利制度由社会救济、社会福利服务、义务教育、住房家庭和健康服务五个亚体系组成。社会福利服务主要是指国家与政府对老弱病残、鳏寡孤独、贫困和弱势群体提供免费服务。儿童、老弱病残孕贫和家庭健康福利是重中之重。本文从中国社会福利制度史角度,运用社会福利与儿童家庭福利等理论,将中国70年儿童福利制度结构变迁分为1949—1957年、1958—1977年、1978—1989年、1990—2010年、2011—2021年五个历史发展阶段,概括每个历史阶段儿童福利制度发展时代特征。简述儿童福利制度理念由现代蜕变为传统,又由传统重新回归现代,由“普惠性”和“国家责任”蜕变为“选择性”和“家庭责任”,又由选择性、家庭责任重新回归普惠性和国家责任,由“家庭福利为基础儿童福利制度”蜕变为“孤残儿童福利服务”,又由儿童福利与家庭福利分离,重新回归“以家庭福利为基础现代儿童福利制度”范式结构转型历程。概括现代、普惠儿童福利制度U字型历史发展轨迹,描绘儿童福利、妇女福利、家庭福利、总体性福利制度一体化和整合性发展趋势,总结70年儿童福利制度发展历史经验和客观规律,指明广义、现代、普惠儿童福利、家庭福利和总体性社会福利制度是“现代国家最大政治问题”的基本结论。最后简述中国化现代性、普惠性、广义儿童福利制度现代福利理念、福利法治化、福利财政学等制度化建设路径,指明福利中国和中国福利社会发展目标。

中国社会政策与社会福利法制70年历史轨迹、制度特征和基本经验

1949年以来,我国经历了国家职能的历史性转变,社会政策与社会福利制度发展亦呈现鲜明的阶段性特征。2021年我国全面建成小康社会,消除了绝对贫困,标志着我国现代社会福利制度建设进入了新阶段。本文以社会政策与社会立法为切入点,选择现代、广义社会福利理论视角,将社会政策与社会福利法制建设划分为六个主要阶段,概括社会福利政策与社会福利法制九大结构性特征,总结六大基本历史经验。总体来看,70余年法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设走过曲折坎坷、波澜壮阔的历程,积累了丰富的历史经验,蕴含现代法治的普遍性规律。主要启示包括:家庭化保护应升级为国家层面的福利制度;现代社会发展应避免社会政策被经济政策化;最佳的社会政策也是最佳的经济政策;探索建立具有中国特色的现代社会福利制度是推进中国式现代化的应有之义,关键在于推动现代社会福利财政制度建设。

“断代”现象的蔓延及其后果研究

现代年轻人的婚育观念与传统普婚普育文化发生了激烈碰撞,越来越多的年轻人抗拒生育,甚至抗拒结婚,进而出现了“断代”现象,并迅速蔓延开来。“断代”指不育而导致的“绝后”现象。当个人生命历程嵌入刚性的制度环境中,给生育带来了更大的时间配置压力时,媒介环境又使得消极生育观念迅速弥散。一方面,传统结婚生育的单一路径选择被打破,人们可以自主选择期望的人生,另一方面,亦需关注终身不育所带来的消极影响,即更可能出现个体层面的孤独至死与宏观层面的人类社会难以为继等后果。

垄断竞争动态最优税收理论研究述评

垄断竞争动态最优税收理论从动态视角为实施差异化最优纠正税收提供新思路,已成为最优税收研究中的重要一支。垄断竞争动态最优税收理论,以微观消费者与生产者行为理论研究进展以及宏观动态随机一般均衡模型的发展为分析基础,与完全竞争最优税收理论相比,以垄断竞争市场结构为研究背景更具现实性;与静态最优税收理论相比,更能够体现最优税收随经济周期波动而呈动态演进的特征;与最优税收平滑理论使税收扭曲带来的社会福利损失最小化的功能相比,更能够突出最优税收纠正垄断带来的经济效率损失,以提高社会福利的重要功能。垄断竞争动态最优税收理论已取得许多研究新进展,具有重要学术研究价值,结合现实因素对其拓展研究对于最优税收政策制定与实施具有重要意义。