How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

New Thought about the Marketing Orientation of Middle and Small-sized Enterprises of China

The reasonable marketing orientation is related to the survival and the development of the enterprises. According to the disadvantages and superiority of the middle and small sized enterprises of our country, this paper analyzes the new thought about the marketing orientation from the aspects of marketing product orientation, marketing way orientation, marketing target orientation, marketing strategy orientation and marketing idea orientation. It has great theoretical and practical significance.

Technology Progress Path and Catchup Strategy for Late-Moving Large Countries

Based on the endogenous technology progress framework for late-moving large countries,this paper simulates the effects of market size on technology progress path and technology catch-up,and finds that under the strategy of combining innovation with imitation,the increase of market size will restrain the convergence of economies towards technology frontier and deepen their reliance on imitation.Under the strategy of replacing imitation with innovation,there is a non-uniform U-shaped threshold effect for market size to influence technology progress path and catch-up,and the threshold for the shift of technology progress path lags behind that for technology catch-up.Hence,we should follow technology catch-up as the benchmark and timely adjust our innovation strategy to unleash the advantages of economies of scale for innovation.The innovation-driven development strategy is a choice compatible with China’s changing market size.However,since China remains in a transition from a super-large economy to a super-strong one,the contribution of innovation will decrease at first before increasing afterwards.

Downstream Competition and Upstream Innovation:Theory and Evidence from China

Competition is the catalyst of corporate innovation,which is the foundation of a country's core competitiveness.From the view of vertical industrial chain,this paper examines how downstream competition affects upstream firms'innovation output.Given innovation helps reduce the production cost of each product,increasing demand of intermediate products caused by downstream competition enhances the marginal revenue of upstream firms'innovation,thus leading to an innovation incentive effect.To identify causality,we utilize China's WTO accession,a quasinatural experiment,to calculate downstream competition combined with import tariff reduction and input-output table,and then run a difference-in-difference regression.Using the data of Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and State Intellectual Property Office,our results find that downstream competition has a significantly positive impact on upstream firms'innovation,and this effect is more pronounced in firms with less industry competition,greater initial innovation capacity and weaker financial constraints.Moreover,the number of firms,the degree of industry competition and the scale of intermediate products in the downstream sector increase,confirming the market size channel.In sum,our findings document that downstream competition can motivate upstream firms to innovate through vertical industrial chain,providing some useful insights for China to build a fair market competition environment and promote innovation-driven growth regime.

Two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with demand influenced by innovation criterion in growing technology market

One of the major concerns for the technology market is the demand volatility andits impact on inventory policies. Demand volatility in the technology sector mayarise due to many factors namely customer choices, competition, growingmarket size, and so on. Often companies use rented warehouses to absorb anyfluctuations in demand. Unfortunately, warehouse and inventory researchesignore the phenomenon of growing market size to formulate policy decisions. Inthis paper, we proposed a two-warehouse inventory model with deterioration fortechnology products with linearly increasing market size where demand followsinnovation diffusion criterion. The model is based on the assumption that theholding costs in the rented warehouse are more than the own warehouse. Asimple solution procedure also discussed to solve nonlinear cost function.Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are also used to describe the utilityof the model.