Discussion on the Marketization of Rural Environmental Protection

[Objective]The study aimed to discuss the marketization of rural environmental protection in China.[Method] We firstly analyzed the inevitability of rural environmental protection take the marketization road in China,then put forward some effective ways to make rural environmental protection take the marketization road.[Result]In order to protect the rural environment of China better,it is inevitable to take the marketization road.In addition,strengthening legal construction,formulating and implementing policies about encouraging the diversified investment on rural environmental protection,establishing effective property right system,bringing township enterprises’ main force into full play in environmental protection,encouraging the public to supervise and join into environmental protection,developing and encouraging the persons with environmental-economic and environmental-legal knowledge to work in the countryside,etc.,are all effective measures.[Conclusion]The research could provide theoretical references for rural environmental protection in China.

Analysis on Farmers’ Straw Marketization Behavior and Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Hubei Province

Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.

Sensitivity of livelihood strategy to livestock production and marketization:An empirical analysis of grasslands in Inner Mongolia,China

Recent researches have primarily focused on the relationship between livelihood strategies and livelihood capital,with few empirical studies on the sensitivity of livelihood strategies to livestock production and marketization in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China.This study used an income distribution approach to categorize livelihood strategies of the respondents(n=394)into three types,i.e.,herder livelihood strategy(LS1),petty-herder livelihood strategy(LS2),and non-herder livelihood strategy(LS3).Using the multinomial logistic regression model,we compared livestock production and marketization across the three livelihood strategies.Our findings showed that(1)livestock production and marketization tended to favor LS1;(2)an increase in the land asset(contracted and rented grassland)and off-take rate increased the probability of households choosing LS1;(3)stocking rate was higher for LS1;and(4)the higher critical market-related risks perceived by herders were animal price and hay and corn price.Moreover,higher livestock price acted as a deterrent to diversifying into other livelihood strategies(LS2 and LS3).Finally,this study advocates for policies that will promote the land transfer market,adopt modern techniques in animal husbandry,improve the medium for disseminating market information to herders,and provide incentives for long-term livelihood transformation.

“Border Crossing”in English Job-Seeking Discourse——Informalization and Marketization in One Creative Résumé

Border crossing is a metaphoric term in sociolinguistics referring to a blurring of English use across different domains of social discourses.This article shows how border crossing in English job-seeking discourse is manifested in a real-life English creative résumé,and how this phenomenon brings about two related consequences,informalization and marketization,through critically analyzing the informal and promotional features of the résumé.It then reaches the conclusion that such border crossing phenomenon reflects a voice by the young in reconstructing their self-identities in job-seeking discourse in post-industrialized,post-modern western societies.

Research on Dynamic Relationship Between Interest Rate&Exchange Rate—Based on the Analysis of Marketization of Interest Rate and Exchange Rate

This paper empirically analyzed the dynamic relationship between interest rate and exchange rate with VAR model and VECM using monthly data from 2008 to 2019.One of the main contributions of this paper is that it concentrated on studying how the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate plays a role in the transmission mechanism between these two rates by dividing the sample into 6 different groups according to the process of the marketization.The results show that there are long-term and short-term equilibrium relationship between interest rate and exchange rate.Also,interest rate could quickly respond to the changes in exchange rate after the marketization,which reflect that the marketization of interest rate is effective in China.However,exchange rate could not effectively respond to changes in interest rate.Thus,the marketization of exchange rate still needs to be improved.In addition,the results show that after marketization,an increase in the interest rate would lead to a decrease in exchange rate now,which could be a reference to the formulation of monetary policies.

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Marketization on International Student Prospectus

In this article, I aim to compare the similarities and differences in the international student prospectuses of two universi-ties from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. By analyzing the layout and design, visual features, the rhetorical moves, and lexico-grammatical features of two prospectuses, I expect to trace the impact of marketization on the genre-based discourse of higher education and identify to what extent international student prospectus are influenced by the new"customer-driven"trend in higher education.

Marketization the Key to Solving China-U.S. Trade Imbalance

China-U.S.trade has expanded rapidly over the past three decades,during which China’s trade deficit has turned into atrade surplus.China’s exports to the United States account for 20 percent of China’s total export trade,but the United States’exports to China make up less than 10 percent of its export trade.The trade dependence ratio of the two countries has adifference of up to 27 percentage points.While China’s economy and foreign trade become increasingly market-oriented,the U.S.implements long-term export restriction policies against it.Raising the degree of marketization of trade betweenChina and the U.S.is the key to redressing the China-U.S.trade imbalance.

Marketization of Education in China:An Assessment of its Impact on Educational Institutions

本文主要从优点和缺点两方面分析现代化、市场化对中国教育体制造成影响的和新产生的问题,并提出解决问题的政策思路。

Empirical Research on Impact of Marketization of Agricultural Products on Income of Rural Households Based on Questionnaire Survey of Rural Household

Based on the survey and research on rural households in Changshu City and Jiangdu City of Jiangsu Province, this paper researches the microeconomic subject-commercial decision-making and production behaviours of the rural households, under the circumstance of development of agricultural product market in different regions. We conduct random sampling questionnaire survey on the rural households in 7 villages of Changshu City and Jiangdu City, Jiangsu Province, and obtain data, in order to judge and verify the theory, explore the relationship between market development of agricultural products, behaviours of rural households and income of rural households, and establish the econometric model of impact of market of agricultural products on income per capita of rural households. The research shows that there is difference in the level of socio-economic development in different regions of Jiangsu Province, and the effect of the same factors in different regions is not quite similar; the income structure of rural households and marketization development have great impact on total income per capita of rural households; the planting structure has significant impact on agricultural income per capita. Then the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows: strengthen rural marketization building and broaden sales channel; reinforce information-based building and promote transparency and openness of rural market information; adjust the production structure of rural households rationally, coordinate agricultural production activities and non-agricultural activities of rural households, and balance the planting of cash crops and grain crops.

Electoral Authoritarianism in Togo: How Has Foreign Aid Impacted the Democratization Process in Togo From 2005 to 2010?

After four decades of military dictatorship,Togo is still facing a dilemma of whether to break with the past and take a path of democratization or make changes in the continuity.The death of the former President Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005 was seen by the Togolese community at home and around the world as a window of opportunity or a step toward the emergence of the political liberalization in the country.Unfortunately,with the backing of the Togolese army,Faure Gnassingbe,one of the sons of Eyadema,was enthroned as the country’s new President since 2005.The international economic sanctions on Togo in the aftermath of the death of Eyadema,due to continuing human rights abuses and violations by the authoritarian regime,have accentuated the already acute suffering and poverty of the Togolese population.However,the 2006 Global Political Agreement reached between the traditional political opposition parties and the government paved the way to the normalization of the international cooperation with Togo and hence the lifting of economic sanctions by the international community.Drawing from Solow-Swan growth model and a cross-national causality test of the development-democracy-growth hypothesis of Abbas Pourgerami,this paper investigates the impact of foreign aid on the democratization process since 2005 and argues that foreign aid played a paramount role in consolidating electoral authoritarianism instead of establishing a viable democracy in Togo.

Electoral Governance and Democratization in Francophone Africa:A Critical Appraisal

The exhaustion of dictatorial powers and communist regimes ushered in the third wave of democratization in francophone Africa,through the emergence of democratic institutions essential to the holding of credible elections.This new democratic era,which redefines the stakes of power through peaceful political competition in the form of elections,marked the end,at least symbolically,of a time when a coup or popular insurrection seemed to be the only way to overthrow dictatorial regimes.The election thus appears as an instrument of regulation of political life.Through a constructivist perspective,this research aims to discuss the relationship between electoral governance and democratization in francophone Africa.It shows that even if democracy is taken as a tool of political civilization in francophone Africa,there is no institutional linking.It means that electoral must be the key for the regulation and the credibility of democratization and democracy.

The Impact of Democratization on“FDI”in Tunisia-A Comparison of Pre and Post Revolution Periods

The study examined the impact of democratization on foreign direct investment in Tunisia and has done a comparison of the pre and post revolution periods.The paper has used secondary data for the variables GDP per capita,FDI,Gross Fixed Capital Formation(GFCF),Current health expenditure(%of GDP)for the period 2001-2018.The study aims to provide arguments of the favorable political conditions for FDI,the purpose is to understand;whether,democracy and autocracy attract FDI in the Pre and Post-event of revolution in Tunisia.In addition,this investigation discusses the key elements for path dependency in democratic transitions from autocracy to democracy.The study found that there is a correlation between the adoption of a democratic regime and the FDI evolution.A democratic regime creates the right political circumstances to improve macroeconomic performance.It can stimulate growth if it is conducted in a stable political environment.

MARKETIZATION OF GREEN FOOD RESOURCES IN FOREST REGION OF THE CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS

The Changbai Mountains is rich in the resources of green food. At present, the low marketization of green food resources in the forest region of the Changbai Mountains becomes the bottleneck to restrict the benign development of its green food industry. With huge market demands at home and abroad, it is the urgent problem how to improve marketization process of green food resources and transfer the resources superiority into the market superiority in the region. According to the investigation, this paper analyzed the status quo and the cause of formation of low-marketization with the method of combining comparative research and practice research. It pointed out that necessary condition of marketization of green food resources in the forest region, such as strategy, economic environment, marketization allocation of sci-tech resources, etc. should be established. Furthermore, the concrete strategies of marketization of green food resources in the region such as market location, strategies of objective markets, combined strategy of marketing, etc. were advanced.

Marketization of Higher Education: Interpersonal Meaning on Homepage

Along with globalisation and internationalisation in the context of higher education,a rising proportion of universities around the world adopt market-like policies and customer-oriented attitudes to compete for potential students.With this regard,this article attempts to compare About Information in home page from two prestigious Chinese universities,exploring roles that two target universities act in the relation of students and higher education.Gauging language features within the notion of Moon system and Appraisal system under Halliday’s framework on interpersonal meanings,the comparison and analysis of linguistic features demonstrates that higher education in China is still provider-oriented rather than customer-oriented.However,the competition atmosphere in higher education market is seen subtly and construed directly in lexical level.