Extensible Markup Language Data Mining System Model

The existing data mining methods are mostly focused on relational databases and structured data, but not on complex structured data (like in extensible markup language(XML)). By converting XML document type description to the relational semantic recording XML data relations, and using an XML data mining language, the XML data mining system presents a strategy to mine information on XML.

Real-Time Data and Visualization Monitoring of Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools Based on Hyper Text Markup Language 5

In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML)5 is proposed.The characteristics of the real-time monitoring technology of CNC machine tools under the traditional Client/Server(C/S)structure are compared and analyzed,and the technical drawbacks are proposed.Web real-time communication technology and browser drawing technology are deeply studied.A real-time monitoring and visible system for CNC machine tool data is developed based on Metro platform,combining WebSocket real-time communication technology and Canvas drawing technology.The system architecture is given,and the functions and implementation methods of the system are described in detail.The practical application results show that the WebSocket real-time communication technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and network delay and save server resources.The numerical control machine data monitoring system can intuitively reflect the machine data,and the visible effect is good.It realizes timely monitoring of equipment alarms and prompts maintenance and management personnel.

China's Low Export Markups Puzzle: Competition Effect and Selection Effect

Based on China's industrial enterprises-customs matched data, this paper utilizes two-tier stochastic frontier analysis method to estimate and verify the extent to which selection effect and competition effect influence exporting firms' markup. Our findings suggest that the interaction between selection effect and competition effect ultimately causes actual firm markup to be higher than the baseline markup by 7.11%. Exporting firms' actual markup is higher than the baseline markup by different degrees. In terms of the decomposition of selection effect, TFP explains for 28.05% of selection effect, and nonproductivity factors explain for the rest 71.95%. By controlling for the type of firms' export,the export-productivity paradox only exists for processing trade firms, which shows that with increasing trade facilitation, the policy incentives to encourage firms to export are major contributors to the low export markups.

Can Digital Transformation Definitely Improve Firms'Markups?

In this paper,digital transformation is included in the heterogeneity model of firms.Based on a general equilibrium analysis,we find that under the effect of diminishing marginal productivity,digital transformation does not always have a positive impact on firms'markups,but has an"inverted U-shaped"nonlinear influence,which first promotes and then inhibits markups.Firm innovation and firm productivity are the key micro-mechanisms for the above effects to play a role.Based on the analysis of typical facts and empirical data of listed companies,the measurement test yields the following results.First,digital transformation can significantly improve firms'markups when it is below a specific threshold value,but it will have a negative impact when it exceeds this value.That is,there is an"inverted U-shaped"nonlinear relationship between digital transformation and firms'markups.Second,the heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has a greater effect on the markups of state-owned firms,export firms and technology-intensive firms than on the markups of other firms.Third,digital transformation has an impact on firms'markups through two key mechanisms:firm innovation ability and production eficiency.The quantitative empirical results confirm the correctness of the theoretical expectations.Therefore,firms need to grasp the strategic opportunities brought by the progress of digital technology and accelerate the process of promoting the digital transformation.Firms should make proper choices in the selection and arrangement of key areas,as well as avoid possible problems such as"too much".In this way,we can better consolidate the micro foundation of China's high-quality economic development.

区域一体化如何影响县域企业市场势力——兼论全国统一大市场下企业竞争优势重构

在国内大循环发展背景下,通过区域一体化减少地方保护和区域壁垒,是构建全国统一大市场的重要举措。本文以撤县设区这一准自然实验为对象,基于企业成本加成率,分析区域一体化对县域企业市场势力的影响与机理。研究发现:撤县设区改革降低了被撤并县(市)企业的成本加成率,减少了县域企业的市场势力,促进了县域竞争。机制检验显示,撤县设区通过提升被撤并县(市)企业进入率和减少政府补贴提高了企业边际成本,从而降低了成本加成率。异质性检验表明,撤县设区主要降低了垄断性较强行业、非普通地级市和市县产业同构度较高的县域企业的成本加成率。另外,本文还发现撤县设区改革期间被撤并县(市)企业进行的产品创新、技术创新和服务创新越多,其成本加成率增加越多。本文的研究表明,在国内大循环背景下,区域一体化通过引入竞争削弱了欠发达地区企业市场势力,但域内企业可以通过增加产品、技术和服务创新重构竞争优势,进而从总体上推动经济高质量发展。本文不仅能丰富区域一体化和县域城镇化研究,也能为欠发达地区企业竞争优势重构提供一定参考。

人工智能与高新技术企业竞争力:机制与效应

通过人工智能技术赋能制造企业的生产、运营过程,提升制造企业的知识化、智能化水平,是高新技术企业获得竞争优势的重要途径。文章从理论和实证两个方面分析了人工智能对高新技术企业竞争力提升的作用机制及效应。研究表明:人工智能提高了高新技术企业的成本加成率和全要素生产率,主要结论在稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析发现,人工智能对国有企业和经济不确定感知程度较高的高新技术企业的赋能效果更明显;同时,对处于低市场分割和实体经济基础较好地区的高新技术企业的赋能效果更明显。技术积累、员工结构优化、成本节约和效率提升是实现人工智能赋能高新技术企业竞争力的重要机制。研究结论对促进人工智能与高新技术制造业深度融合,实现经济高质量发展具有明显政策启示。

资本脱实向虚矫正新思路:基于市场结构的非对称性

资本“脱实向虚”严重制约着实体经济发展,优化资本配置成为实体经济高质量发展的重要着力点。从“脱实向虚”现象的成因机制展开分析,探讨治理资本“脱实向虚”的新思路。运用动态优化方法推导出满足社会福利最大化目标的最优垄断加价率计算公式,并对比分析1998—2020年中国、美国、德国多部门最优垄断加价率与实际加价率间的量化关系。研究发现:(1)加入世界贸易组织(WTO)是中国资本“脱实向虚”的起点;(2)中国、美国、德国实体经济产品的实际利润率普遍低于最优利润率,并且中国制造业产品的实际利润率低于其他国家;(3)美国和德国虚拟经济实际利润率的增长并未导致其实体经济实际利润率的相对(相对于最优利润率)下降,虚拟经济的发展并未以牺牲实体经济为代价,而中国存在生产性资本逃逸至虚拟经济现象。因此,应深化改革当前金融体系,调整市场结构非对称性,以更好地服务实体经济。

基于.NET框架的在线考试系统的设计与实现

网络考试系统作为现代教育教学的重要组成部分,起着检测学生自主学习结果,减轻教师负担的作用,一直是教学管理系统研究的课题。文章结合主流.NET技术和异步JavaScript和可扩展标记语言(Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language,AJAX)技术,介绍在线考试系统的设计和实现方法。

基于HTML5技术的森林防火教育应用设计研究

森林防火教育既是护林工作的基础,又是此项工作的重中之重。为让更多人通过互联网平台学习森林防火知识,了解森林火灾的应急措施,文章提出利用超文本5(HyperText Markup Language 5,HTML5)技术设计森林防火宣传教育应用。

合同文本置标语言CTML:一种面向智能法律合约的法律信息规范化提取方法

智能合约在法律层面的关注度不断提高,如何将现实法律合同转化为智能合约程序,保证法律元素提取和程序转换的规范化已经成为当前的研究热点.据此,从合约模板化和语义规范化的角度出发,提出一种合同文本置标语言(CTML),通过对合同中语法、结构、词汇的内容进行标注,实现合同要素的提取与转化.首先,构建合同元模型并建立“要素-属性-成分”的三层语义结构与数源标记语法规则,基于元模型设计面向合同文本的置标语言语法规则,通过CTML完成法律信息规范化提取,形成标注合同;其次,通过递归抽象语法树(AST)并建立映射关系,设计由标注合同到智能法律合约的转换规则,完善法律合同到智能合约可执行代码的转化链条.进而,以保理合同为例,演示了合同文本置标语言的语义提取和代码生成的实际效果,为普通法律合同转化成为智能合约提供了一种技术方法.

政策工具视角下三明市取消中药饮片加成政策文本分析

目的基于政策工具和政策目标2个维度,分析三明市取消中药饮片加成的政策文本特点,积累取消中药饮片加成经验,并提出思考。方法采用文献研究法并结合内容分析,构建政策工具和目标二维分析框架,对2013年1月—2023年4月三明市公开发表的有关取消中药饮片加成政策的26份政策文件进行编码分析。结果共计编码87条,需求型、供给型、环境型占比分别为16.09%、34.49%、49.42%,偏向于使用供给型和环境型政策工具;政策目标有一定倾向,“保证中药饮片质量”“完善中药饮片价格机制”“规范中药饮片使用”“强化组织实施,落实政府投入责任”占比分别为11.49%、39.08%、18.39%、31.03%。结论创新使用市场塑造等需求型工具,高质量推进饮片生产链发展;兼顾地域经济水平,将价格主动权归还市场,优化中药饮片行业市场结构,配合宣传措施,促进政策落实;改革药学人员人事薪酬制度,规范医疗行为。

知识产权保护与中国企业的成本加成率——以市级专利代办处设立为例

本文基于异质性企业理论模型,探讨了知识产权保护增强影响企业成本加成率的微观机制。在此基础上,运用1998—2015年工业企业数据库,将市级层面专利代办处的设立作为拟自然实验,采用跨期双重差分方法,对理论假说进行了验证。实证表明,知识产权保护对企业的成本加成率有显著的正向影响,并且这一影响具有时间持续性。此外,知识产权保护的影响存在门槛效应,只有创新能力高于一定门槛的企业,方能在知识产权保护增强时提高成本加成率。机制分析表明,知识产权保护的“创新效应”和“竞争效应”会影响企业的成本加成率。知识产权保护增强可以提高创新能力,降低企业竞争程度,从而有利于我国企业的成本加成率提升。

Corrosion science general-purpose data model and interface (Ⅱ): OOD design and corrosion data markup language (CDML)

With object oriented design/analysis, a general purpose corrosion data model (GPCDM) and a corrosion data markup language (CDML) are created to meet the increasing demand of multi-source corrosion data integration and sharing. "Cor- rosion data island" is proposed to model the corrosion data of comprehensiveness and self-contained. The island of tree-liked structure contains six first-level child nodes to characterize every important aspect of the corrosion data. Each first-level node holds more child nodes recursively as data containers. The design of data structure inside the island is intended to decrease the learning curve and break the acceptance barrier of GPCDM and CDML. A detailed explanation about the role and meaning of the first-level nodes are presented with examples chosen carefully in order to review the design goals and requirements proposed in the previous paper. Then, CDML tag structure and CDML application programming interface (API) are introduced in logic order. At the end, the roles of GPCDM, CDML and its API in the multi-source corrosion data integration and information sharing are highlighted and projected.

稳健外交关系如何影响企业出口国内增加值率

本文利用2000~2013年中国工业企业数据库与海关贸易数据库的合并数据测度了企业出口国内增加值率,在此基础上研究双边外交关系发展对中国企业出口国内增加值率的影响。研究发现,双边外交关系发展会提高企业出口国内增加值率,该结果经过变量替换、更换回归方法等稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制检验表明,双边外交关系发展对企业出口国内增加值率的影响主要通过降低国内外中间品相对价格和提高企业加成率两条途径实现。异质性分析发现,双边外交关系发展会显著提高低技术企业出口国内增加值率,但对高技术企业出口国内增加值率却表现为抑制作用;与“一带一路”沿线国家相比,双边外交关系发展对企业出口国内增加值率的提升作用在非“一带一路”沿线国家更大。进一步分析表明,金融危机、加征关税和经济政策不确定性会削弱双边外交关系发展对企业出口国内增加值率的提升作用。

Misallocation in Chinese Manufacturing and Services: A Variable Markup Approach

Cross-country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm-level data from Chinas 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service and between manufacturing and service sectors. First, compared with the manufacturing sector, there are more stateowned enterprises and fewer entrants in the service sector. Second, markups increase with firm size, and the increase is more dramatic among service firms. We interpret these facts through the lens of a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups. A multisector model shows a new channel that translates asymmetric barriers to entry across sectors into sectoral markup differences, which in turn cause sectoral misallocation. Quantitative analysis shows that when reducing entry barriers to service firms to the extent observed for manufacturing firms, the model predicts a 12-percentage-point increase in the service employment share.

Foreign Demand,Competition Strategy,and Export Markups:Evidence from Chinese Multi-Product Exporters

Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based competitive multi-product firms increase product markups significantly,particularly for core products,whereas cost-based competitive multi-product firms respond by reducing product markups.The reason for this is that positive foreign demand affects markups through two opposite channels:pro-innovative effects and pro-competitive ejfects.Pro-innovative effects are predominant among quality-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by increasing product quality,prices,and markups.Pro-competitive ejfects are predominant among cost-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by lowering product cost,prices,and markups.We demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms empirically.The results imply that firms with different competition strategies should adopt different measures in response to foreign demand shocks.

Has Global Division of Labor Increased Markup of Chinese Enterprises?

The paper calculates the number of production stages for measurement of production segmentation,and discusses and depicts the microscopic impacts and effects of production segmentation of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup.The DLW method is used to calculate the markup of Chinese enterprises,the fi xed-effect model is used to analyze the impact of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,and an instrumental variable method is constructed to relieve endogeneity.The research findings show that enterprises have significantly increased their markup by choosing global production segmentation,international production segmentation and domestic production segmentation.Global production segmentation can significantly increase the markup of low-productivity enterprises,hi-tech enterprises and private enterprises.Particularly,low-productivity enterprises choose international production segmentation and hi-tech enterprises choose domestic production segmentation.Production segmentation can offset to a certain extent low markup of export enterprises and domestic-oriented enterprises caused by the“competition effect”.In addition,enterprises’“technological progress effect”and“trade cost effect”are two possible channels by which production segmentation facilitates the increase of markup.The paper enriches and expands the literature about the impacts of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,the robustness is analyzed from the perspectives of enterprise heterogeneity,industrial&technical heterogeneity and structure,and the impact mechanism is validated through the intermediate effect model.Our important findings are of important implications for solving the“low markup trap”of Chinese enterprises and enhancing labor division of the global value chain of enterprises.

基于AML的分布式开放控制系统的虚拟调试技术研究

目前,制造系统对单件小批量产品生产柔性及智能化要求越来越高,虚拟调试作为数字孪生在工业界的重要应用,通过在虚拟空间中对制造系统进行数字化验证及仿真优化,从而实现实际物理系统一次调试成功。文章研究虚拟调试的体系架构和实现方法,基于自动化标记语言(Automation Markup Language,AML)及IEC61499标准实现了生产单元的虚拟调试,并给出实际应用案例。

数字经济、企业加成率与全球价值链位势攀升

文章基于2012—2021年我国沪深A股上市公司数据,实证考察了数字经济对企业全球价值链位势攀升的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明:数字经济能够显著促进企业全球价值链位势攀升,且该结论在经过一系列稳健性、内生性检验后依旧成立。数字经济对企业全球价值链位势攀升的影响存在显著异质性,具体表现为对东部地区企业、非国有企业、大规模企业及技术密集型企业的促进效果更强。机制检验结果表明,数字经济可通过提升企业加成率间接促进企业全球价值链位势攀升。数字经济对企业全球价值链位势攀升的影响存在双重门槛效应,即随着数字经济发展水平不断提升,其促进作用呈现“边际递增”的非线性特征。

基于ATML的机载电子系统原位测试系统设计与实现

针对直升机机载电子系统在执行任务过程中故障检测和隔离困难,外场维修保障效率低下,且缺乏快速有效故障检测工具现状的问题,设计了基于ATML标准的机载电子系统原位测试系统;阐述了原位测试系统的基本组成、工作原理、硬件结构、软件架构和测试电缆转接设计方法,以某型机载配电系统为案例进行原位测试需求分析及测试方案设计;利用基于ATML标准的测试软件平台SGTS进行原位测试程序开发,并将该方法应用至某型直升机原位测试系统研制;经实际验证,该原位测试系统的使用大幅提升了机载电子系统的故障检测与隔离率指标,为直升机外场排故提供了有效便捷的手段,提高了外场维护效率。