Beware the Demon of Love Jihad! The Gendered and Sexual Abjectification of Muslim Masculinities by Hindu Nationalists on Twitter

In this paper,I examine the Twitter accounts of right-wing extremist groups(RWEGs)in India,arguing that the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is central to the narratives of Hindu supremacist groups.The abjectification process on Twitter serves as a rhetorical device to:a)criticize and problematize Muslim masculinities;b)idealize and glorify Hindu and white masculinities;c)promote Hindu and white masculine nationalist projects;and d)unify Hindu supremacists against Muslim others.By analyzing the gender ideologies expressed implicitly or explicitly on the Twitter accounts of RWEGs,and using the“Love Jihad”conspiracy case as a focal point,I demonstrate how the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is constructed in opposition to the idealized Hindu masculinities.This study highlights the intersection of gender and nationalism in the digital discourse of Hindu supremacist groups,offering insights into the mechanisms through which social media platforms are used to reinforce and propagate Islamophobic ideologies.

Sexualities研究介入男性研究的意义与展望

男性研究是以社会性别视角为出发点的,对传统社会性别模式影响下男性所做的研究,masculinities(男性气质)为其研究核心。在欧美,男性研究起源于20世纪七八十年代对女性主义的回应。男性研究涉及男性生活的各个方面,包括sexualities。中国两岸三地男性研究刚刚起步,男性研究中的sexualities则完全空白。在未来的研究中需要注意综合性、本土化、应用性、学术主流化问题。男性研究中的sexualities的一些具体项目设想。

Mass Media Effect on Gender Identity

Under the mass media effect,media both enable and constrain the audience to shape their gender identity.The purpose of this article is to review and consider the role media plays in the process of construction of contemporary gendered identities;especially the relationship among men,masculinity and media.

Unsex of Characters in Jacob’s Room

In Jacob's Room, Virginia Woolf depicts a couple of womanish male and mannish female characters, coming into being an unsex society, which represents a thought experiment to hope to find a way to overcome the gender discrimination in the patriarchal world.

The Masculine Ideology in Forrest Gump

By using stands-in and actual documentary footage,the film version of Forrest Gump presents audiences the turbulent evernts in America from the late 1950's to the 1980's and depicts successfully the panorama of the whole Ameica in a humorous and impressive way. This essay is to illustrate one of the predominant cultural phenomenons by analysing its stereotyped female characters,its own typical narrative structure and the symbolic ending. From this perspective,the masculine ideology or the male-dominant society is portrayed true to life throughout the film.

“There is Always The Other Side”: Deconstruction of English Identity and Masculinity——Intertextuality between Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre

Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea is the classic revisionary novella of Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre. It rewrites the tragic story of Mr. Rochester's voiceless and lunatic ex-wife, Berthe Mason. This paper turns to the intertextual relationship between the two texts and argues that the subversive rewriting of Wide Sargasso Sea destabilizes and deconstructs Mr. Rochester's English identity and masculinity, which are manifestly presented in the pre-text. It therefore renders the young Mr. Rochester problematic and insufficient, reveals"the other side"of the story and articulately tells the truth about who is really the mad one.

The“Conscious Absence”and“Virtuoso Presence”of Hegemonic Masculinity——Deciphering Ian McEwan's Atonement

Wittingly concealing the father images in his novel Atonement(2001), McEwan creates the"absence"of traditional hegemonic masculinity, which is a conscious activity in a combined consideration of the figural and thematic progress, the grim social context, as well as his anxiety of influence and identity. Although this manliness is effaced on the surface, regarding the powerful images within, male authority still keeps running through the whole work. Hegemonic masculinity"presents"in manifold transformed and metaphorical forms, invisibly dictating the development of the protagonists and plots. This paper, giving a masculine reading through R.W. Connell's lens, aims to analyze and crystallize McEwan's such male writing, and finally to reach his real concerns: to deconstruct patriarchal culture, to defy dominant discourse, and to build a new order that opens up a real equality and coexistence for both the two sexes.

Temperature-control-induced masculinization in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes

This study used tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes to explore new,simple methods for lowtemperature-induced masculinization in a cultured fish without the use of ultraviolet irradiation or sex hormones.An orthogonal test L9(3^4)design was used to consider three factors at three levels:treatment starting times(days post-hatch,dph:factor A)of 20,50 and 80 dph;treatment temperatures(factor B)of 13℃,15℃and 17℃;and treatment durations(factor C)of 30,45 and 60 days.A control group was reared at 21±1℃.The experiments were repeated twice.At 230 dph,the gonads were removed from thirty randomly sampled fish in each group.Histological observations and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)were used to identified pseudo males,which biological sex was male and genetic sex were female(XX).Treatment group 4(A2B1C2)resulted in the highest proportion of males(75%).According to the intuitive analysis of the orthogonal-array experiments,the optimal combination of lowtemperature-induced masculinization of T.rubripes was A2B1C2.The population sex ratio depended on the three factors in the sequence B→A→C.A comparison of the daily increases in length and weight during and after the low-temperature conditions showed that the absolute daily increases in weight and length were significantly less during treatment than after treatment.Daily increases in weight and length did not significantly differ between the treatment groups and the controls(P>0.05),demonstrating that the growth rate could return to normal after the low-temperature conditions.This study establishes a low-temperatureinduced masculinization technology for T.rubripes and demonstrates that although the growth rate(length and weight)decreased in an array of nine treatment groups during the processing time,it returned to a normal level after processing.The results should serve as a guide for achieving the masculinization of T.rubripes in production.

Bilateral Masculine Mastoplasia Associated with Imatinib Mesylate:A Case Report and Literature Review

1 CASE REPORT In June 2009, a 29-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed as having Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia （chronic phase）; other than a high white blood cell count in peripheral blood （WBC, 254.00×10^9/L） and splenomegaly, the patient exhibited no abnormal physical signs in mammary glands. He was given hydroxyurea for several days before he received treatment with 400 mg of imatinib mesylate daily.

Sex-Role Orientation in Men Is Related to Salivary Testosterone Levels

Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.

On the Elements of Masculinity and Femininity in Arthur Miller’s Dramas

Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century in the United States,together with the conscience of American drama.Nevertheless,his works have always been considered as having misogynic inclinations.This paper,on the basis of gender theories,seeks to undertake an interpretation to the elements of masculinity and femininity regarding female characters in Arthur Miller’s dramas.Taking The Crucible and A Memory of Two Mondays as a case in point,the author seeks to identify and discuss three categories of female characters,comprising“the angel in the house”,the figure of Medea,and the silenced and absent females,in order to deconstruct Miller’s dichotomized outlook on females.

The Configuration of Salsa Masculinities on Salsaforums.com

This essay examines the configuration of masculinities in salsa dance based on discussions on a popular salsa website,Salsaforums.com.With a thorough combing of the popular threads on male dancers,it contends that in the traditional framework of performance of men in salsa,the issue of masculinity as a social practice embedded in the discursive structuring of various social forces has to be explored from a dynamic and eclectic perspective.Discourses are manifest in the male dancers’pride,insecurity,and anxiety.While trying to retain dispositions or attributes traditionally ascribed to men,however,male salsa dancers are negotiating a salsa masculinity that is multiple,fluid,flexible,and on the way to embrace a more inclusive spectrum of possibilities.

Feminizing the Masculine Body in Carson McCullers’s The Ballad of the Sad Cafe

Mainly applying gender studies to the analysis of Carson McCullers’s The Ballad of the Sad Cafe,with the body as the focus,this paper explores how the masculine Amelia is feminized for the purpose of resolving masculinity crisis embodied by Marvin Macy and Cousin Lymon,concluding that the culturally constructed normative sex and gender dichotomy operates by disciplining otherness,causing gender identification trouble and disempowerment.

Progression of Femmephobia in the LGBTQ＋ Community

All around, men are raised not to be a ＂sissy＂, ＂gay＂, or a ＂faggot＂. Gay men are, then sculpted by a masculinity framework that, from their early years, will not fully accept them. In an attempt to be accepted, gay men often try to make up for their homosexuality through the performance of masculinity centered on suppression of the feminine. Femmephobia, in this context, is the suppression or rejection of feminine features. In the LGBTQ＋ community, femmephobia is driven by the media and masculinity factors that are manifested in standards of attractiveness, but can also be broken down by media outlets that combat these ideas. Media has shaped gay men＇s perception of body image, standards of beauty, and have led to the progression of femmephobia within the community as a mode of restoring their masculinity that would not accept them. The introduction of alternative ideas of masculinity and gender perception are necessary for creating an inclusive form of masculinity that would promote a greater acceptance of all, and reduce femmephobia in society. Challenges against this masculinity are at work through various routes especially through the media. These venues are creating spaces where male femininity can be further explored and redefined.

Gender Politics in the Projection of ＂Disney＂ Villains

Disney being one of the most influential media giants in the world, attracting both young and adults equally and creating memorable characters for almost 80 years, has introduced some memorable villain characters. But interestingly, the projection of male and female villains is rather different and often questionable. This paper aims to investigate how the evil characters have an unequal projection in terms of their gender roles.

Masters as Fathers-The Experiences of Apprenticeship in Late Medieval England

While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.

The Influence of Culture and Customs on International Business Communications

This paper discusses culture. Scholars have not been able to agree on a definition of culture but most include values and norms as components of their definition. Intercultural communication is vital that skill managers must possess in order to effectively do business in foreign countries. Hofstede＇s theory of national cultural dimensions is employed to provide a framework for defining intercultural communication. Subsequently, several countries are examined using Hofstede＇s scoring system for cultural dimensions. This is followed by a discussion of ways to achieve intercultural competence.

The factorial structure of self-reported androgen-promoted physiological traits

Androgens make major contributions to average sex differences in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Despite having established their crucial role in sexual differentiation, much remains to be learned about how androgens coordinate their influences. The present study was undertaken to shed light on androgenic effects on the body using self-reported survey data. We analyzed the ratings provided by over 11,000 college students on the magnitude of eleven traits that previous research has shown to be influenced by testosterone or other androgens. Predictably, the average values for all eleven traits were significantly greater in males than in females. Nevertheless, when data were analyzed separately according to sex of the respondents, some of the traits failed to positively correlate with one another, suggesting that not all an-drogen-influenced traits differentiate in a simple fashion. Factor analysis of these eleven traits by sex reinforced this view by identifying four factors. In men, the primary factor loaded most heavily on: masculine body build, masculine mannerisms, overall physical strength, upper body strength, and lower body strength. The primary factor for women was limited to: upper body strength, lower body strength, and overall physical strength. In both sexes, the primary factor was interpreted as reflecting the influence of perinatal and post-pubertal testosterone exposure. The other three factors may reflect the effects of other androgens (e.g., androstenediol), or the influence of female hormones such as estradiol. Findings were discussed in terms of future use of self-reported physiological measures for assessing androgenic effects on the human body.

On the Confrontation Between Masculinism and Feminism in The Great Gatsby

In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicts the conflicts and contradictions between men and women about society, family, love, and money, literally mirroring the patriarchal society constantly challenged by feminism in the 1920s of America. This paper intends to compare the features of masculinism and feminism in three aspects： gender, society, and morality. Different identifications of gender role between men and women lead to female protests against male superiority and pursuits of individual liberation. Meanwhile, male unshaken egotism and gradually expanded individualism of women enable them both in lack of sound moral standards. But compared with the female, male moral pride drives them with much more proper moral judge, which reflects Fitzgerald＇s support of the masculine society. Probing into the confrontation between masculinism and feminism, it is beneficial for further study on how to achieve equal coexistence and harmony between men and women.

A Model for Reference： On the Masculinity in The Dahomean

This paper is about the model of masculinity exhibited in the African American novelist Frank Yerby＇s historical novel The Dahomean （1971） which is a classic text for masculinity study but has been ignored. In a flash-back narration, the novel tells us the legendary experience of Nyasanu in Africa before he becomes a slave in the south of America, portrays a well-rounded and authentic Black male character, and constructs a model of masculinity of great value for reference. The model of masculinity demonstrated by Nyasanu is no longer limited by the rigid and unitary stipulations of traditional gender concept. It is a model which integrates tenderness into toughness, combines physical power or military prowess with mental power or wisdom, and most importantly, a model that stresses men＇s agency and authenticity. At the same time, by the resentment of war and cherishement of life, this model of masculinity exhibits considerable ethical dimension and humanitarianism. It can be said that the model of masculinity inscribed in The Dahornean is of much enlightening importance for contemporary people to reflect upon the patriarchal culture and prevalent gender notions such as gender role concept. As for people＇s pursueing and constructing their ideal masculinity, the model of masculinity embodied in The Dahomean can be an important model for reference.