Advances in medical imaging with current cross-section modalities enable non-invasive characterization of adrenal lesions. Computed tomography (CT) provides characterization with its non-contrast and wash-out features...Advances in medical imaging with current cross-section modalities enable non-invasive characterization of adrenal lesions. Computed tomography (CT) provides characterization with its non-contrast and wash-out features. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful in further characterization using chemical shift imaging (CSI) and MR spectroscopy. For differentiating between benign and malignant masses, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is useful with its qualitative analysis, as well as its ability to detect the presence of extra-adrenal metastases in cancer patients. The workup for an indeterminate adrenal mass includes evaluation with a non-contrast CT. If a lesion is less than 10 Hounsfield Units on a non-contrast CT, it is a benign lipid-rich adenoma and no further work-up is required. For the indeterminate adrenal masses, a lipid-poor adenoma can be differentiated from a metastasis utilizing CT wash-out features. Also, MRI is beneficial with CSI and MR spectroscopy. If a mass remains indeterminate, PET imaging may be of use, in which benign lesions demonstrate low or no fluorodeoxyglucose activity. In the few cases in which adrenal lesions remain indeterminate, surgical sampling such as percutaneous biopsy can be performed.展开更多
Ethanol perm-selective PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were prepared by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with various cross-linking reagents,such as tetraethoxylsilane(TEOS),γ-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane(APTEOS), phe...Ethanol perm-selective PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were prepared by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with various cross-linking reagents,such as tetraethoxylsilane(TEOS),γ-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane(APTEOS), phenyltrimethoxylsilane(PTMOS) and octyltrimethoxylsilane(OTMOS) as well.The cross-linking density and surface properties of the PDMS active layer were adjusted by varying cross-linking reagents.The pervaporation performance of PDMS membranes cured with different cross-linking reagents was investig...展开更多
A mass transfer mathematical model was developed based on one-side plate steady-state ultrafiltration(UF), and the numerical solution was obtained by Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. The effects of the feed co...A mass transfer mathematical model was developed based on one-side plate steady-state ultrafiltration(UF), and the numerical solution was obtained by Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. The effects of the feed concentration, channel length, axial velocity, and diffusion coefficient on the concentration at membrane surface and the concentration profiles were investigated. Furthermore, the operation parameters and the parameters of membrane module were all transformed into dimensionless ones, and the parameter rejection was included in the mass transfer model, therefore, it can be used to calculate the steady-state ultrafiltration with different rejections. The model was used for the calculation of the ultrafiltration of metal-cutting oil emulsion. The results show that the concentration polarization can be reduced by increasing the axial velocity to some extent, but the reduction of concentration polarization is very small when the resistance of ultrafiltration is very great.展开更多
边坡工程施工过程中,采用预应力锚杆施加预紧力可约束岩土体开挖后应力重分布作用产生的过大变形,增强岩土体自身强度。针对某边坡工程中预应力锚杆穿过多层岩土体的荷载传递及锚固承载特征问题,基于连续-非连续单元法(continuum discon...边坡工程施工过程中,采用预应力锚杆施加预紧力可约束岩土体开挖后应力重分布作用产生的过大变形,增强岩土体自身强度。针对某边坡工程中预应力锚杆穿过多层岩土体的荷载传递及锚固承载特征问题,基于连续-非连续单元法(continuum discontinuum element method,CDEM)数值模拟方法,考虑复合岩土体中岩土层理结构面之间的非连续以及块体-杆件耦合计算问题,建立二维边坡复合岩土体桩锚结构数值模型,揭示复合岩土体中穿层预应力锚杆的受力特征。研究结果表明:岩土层与锚固体极限粘结强度标准值越大,产生的轴应变越小,轴力传递效应越弱,锚杆轴力衰减率越高;张拉第二、三根锚杆时,其杆体作用在张拉第一根锚杆之后岩土层自平衡后的应力场内,岩土体结构面产生的错动以及剪切蠕变导致预应力快速损失,其损失率比第一根锚杆大3%~4%;该边坡工程中锚固角度在25°左右最优,既能控制水平向受力,也能防止坡顶沉降,桩锚结构整体稳定性较好。耦合复合岩土体建模-桩锚结构承载-参数优化,深入研究复合岩土体中穿层预应力锚杆受力及其参数影响规律,研究结果将指导复合岩土体中桩锚结构设计与施工。展开更多
文摘Advances in medical imaging with current cross-section modalities enable non-invasive characterization of adrenal lesions. Computed tomography (CT) provides characterization with its non-contrast and wash-out features. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful in further characterization using chemical shift imaging (CSI) and MR spectroscopy. For differentiating between benign and malignant masses, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is useful with its qualitative analysis, as well as its ability to detect the presence of extra-adrenal metastases in cancer patients. The workup for an indeterminate adrenal mass includes evaluation with a non-contrast CT. If a lesion is less than 10 Hounsfield Units on a non-contrast CT, it is a benign lipid-rich adenoma and no further work-up is required. For the indeterminate adrenal masses, a lipid-poor adenoma can be differentiated from a metastasis utilizing CT wash-out features. Also, MRI is beneficial with CSI and MR spectroscopy. If a mass remains indeterminate, PET imaging may be of use, in which benign lesions demonstrate low or no fluorodeoxyglucose activity. In the few cases in which adrenal lesions remain indeterminate, surgical sampling such as percutaneous biopsy can be performed.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB623404)National NaturalScience Foundation of China(Nos.20736003,20676067)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Programof China(No.2007AA06Z317)Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20070003130)Foundation of theState Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-08A01).
文摘Ethanol perm-selective PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were prepared by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with various cross-linking reagents,such as tetraethoxylsilane(TEOS),γ-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane(APTEOS), phenyltrimethoxylsilane(PTMOS) and octyltrimethoxylsilane(OTMOS) as well.The cross-linking density and surface properties of the PDMS active layer were adjusted by varying cross-linking reagents.The pervaporation performance of PDMS membranes cured with different cross-linking reagents was investig...
文摘A mass transfer mathematical model was developed based on one-side plate steady-state ultrafiltration(UF), and the numerical solution was obtained by Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. The effects of the feed concentration, channel length, axial velocity, and diffusion coefficient on the concentration at membrane surface and the concentration profiles were investigated. Furthermore, the operation parameters and the parameters of membrane module were all transformed into dimensionless ones, and the parameter rejection was included in the mass transfer model, therefore, it can be used to calculate the steady-state ultrafiltration with different rejections. The model was used for the calculation of the ultrafiltration of metal-cutting oil emulsion. The results show that the concentration polarization can be reduced by increasing the axial velocity to some extent, but the reduction of concentration polarization is very small when the resistance of ultrafiltration is very great.
文摘边坡工程施工过程中,采用预应力锚杆施加预紧力可约束岩土体开挖后应力重分布作用产生的过大变形,增强岩土体自身强度。针对某边坡工程中预应力锚杆穿过多层岩土体的荷载传递及锚固承载特征问题,基于连续-非连续单元法(continuum discontinuum element method,CDEM)数值模拟方法,考虑复合岩土体中岩土层理结构面之间的非连续以及块体-杆件耦合计算问题,建立二维边坡复合岩土体桩锚结构数值模型,揭示复合岩土体中穿层预应力锚杆的受力特征。研究结果表明:岩土层与锚固体极限粘结强度标准值越大,产生的轴应变越小,轴力传递效应越弱,锚杆轴力衰减率越高;张拉第二、三根锚杆时,其杆体作用在张拉第一根锚杆之后岩土层自平衡后的应力场内,岩土体结构面产生的错动以及剪切蠕变导致预应力快速损失,其损失率比第一根锚杆大3%~4%;该边坡工程中锚固角度在25°左右最优,既能控制水平向受力,也能防止坡顶沉降,桩锚结构整体稳定性较好。耦合复合岩土体建模-桩锚结构承载-参数优化,深入研究复合岩土体中穿层预应力锚杆受力及其参数影响规律,研究结果将指导复合岩土体中桩锚结构设计与施工。
