Mass production of Li Fe PO_4/C energy materials using Fe–P waste slag

To effectively solve the agglomeration problems in the solid state reaction process,pre-adding glucose is adopted to the synthesis of Li Fe PO4/C energy materials using Fe–P waste slag. The average particle grain size of Li FeP O4/C decreases,and the impurities in Li Fe PO4/C composites reduce to a great extent. It makes great sense to the mass industrial production. The optimum synthesis conditions determined in this work are based on the orthogonal experiments. The samples synthesized in a scale of 500 g exhibit high purity,excellent electrochemical performance,high reaction activity,good reversibility,and low polarization level.The discharge capacities are 145,134,117,and 102 m Ah/g at the current densities of 0.1 C,0.2 C,0.5 C and1 C,respectively. This work puts forward a practical suggestion for mass producing environmental benign and low cost Li FeP O4/C as cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.

Simulation experiment on anti-penetration capability of anchored rock mass

In order to solve the problem of experimental research on the penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass, we derived the essential similarity conditions for the physical simulation experi- ment according to the similarity theory, carried out the experiment on the penetration process of a kind of penetrating bomb into the anchored rock mass of type III, and compared the experimental results with the values computed by the professional Young's empirical formula. The test results show that the phys- ical simulation experiment can represent the actual penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass. The research method proposed in this paper provides technical support for the experimental research on the design and reconstruction of underground protection works.

Nitrogen mobility,ammonia volatilization,and estimated leaching loss from long-term manure incorporation in red soil

Nitrogen（N） loss from fertilization in agricultural fields has an unavoidable negative impact on the environment and a better understanding of the major pathways can assist in developing the best management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of N fertilizers applied to acidic red soil（Ferralic Cambisol） after 19 years of mineral（synthetic） and manure fertilizer treatments under a cropping system with wheat-maize rotations. Five field treatments were examined： control（CK）, chemical nitrogen and potash fertilizer（NK）, chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer（NP）, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer（NPK） and the NPK with manure（NPKM, 70% N from manure）. Based on the soil total N storage change in 0–100 cm depth, ammonia（NH_3） volatilization, nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission, N plant uptake, and the potential N leaching loss were estimated using a mass balance approach. In contrast to the NPKM, all mineral fertilizer treatments（NK, NP and NPK） showed increased nitrate（NO_3~–） concentration with increasing soil depth, indicating higher leaching potential. However, total NH_3 volatilization loss was much higher in the NPKM（19.7%） than other mineral fertilizer treatments（≤4.2%）. The N_2O emissions were generally low（0.2–0.9%, the highest from the NPKM）. Total gaseous loss accounted for 1.7, 3.3, 5.1, and 21.9% for NK, NP, NPK, and NPKM treatments, respectively. Estimated N leaching loss from the NPKM was only about 5% of the losses from mineral fertilizer treatments. All data demonstrated that manure incorporation improved soil productivity, increased yield, and reduced potential leaching, but with significantly higher NH_3 volatilization, which could be reduced by improving the application method. This study confirms that manure incorporationis an essential strategy in N fertilization management in upland red soil cropping system.

Global sea level variations from altimetry,GRACE and Argo data over 2005-2014

Total sea level variations（SLVs） are caused by two major components：steric variations due to thermal expansion of seawater,and mass-induced variations due to mass exchange between ocean and land.In this study,the global SLV and its steric and mass components were estimated by satellite altimetry,Argo float data and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） data over 2005-2014.Space gravimetry observations from GRACE suggested that two-thirds of the global mean sea level rise rate observed by altimetry（i.e.,3.1 ± 0.3 mm/a from 2005 to 2014） could be explained by an increase in ocean mass.Furthermore,the global mean sea level was observed to drop significantly during the2010/2011 La Nina event,which may be attributed to the decline of ocean mass and steric SLV.Since early 2011,the global mean sea level began to rise rapidly,which was attributed to an increase in ocean mass.The findings in this study suggested that the global mean sea-level budget was closed from 2005 to 2014 based on altimetry,GRACE,and Argo data.

Monthly gravity field solution from GRACE range measurements using modified short arc approach

In this paper we present a series of monthly gravity field solutions from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） range measurements using modified short arc approach,in which the ambiguity of range measurements is eliminated via differentiating two adjacent range measurements.The data used for developing our monthly gravity field model are same as Tongji-GRACEOl model except that the range measurements are used to replace the range rate measurements,and our model is truncated to degree and order 60,spanning Jan.2004 to Dec.2010 also same as Tongji-GRACE01 model.Based on the comparison results of the C_（2,0）,C_（2,1）,S_（2,1）,and C_（15,15）,S_（15,15）,time series and the global mass change signals as well as the mass change time series in Amazon area of our model with those of Tongji-GRACE01 model,we can conclude that our monthly gravity field model is comparable with Tongji-GRACE01 monthly model.

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing,in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass（PAM） reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014.The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time,OH exposure,and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study.Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials,marked as Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ,were identified during the observation.In Period Ⅰ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was high,and correlated well to the air pollutants,i.e.,SO2,NO2,and CO.The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation.In period Ⅱ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was low,with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants.Meanwhile,the aerosol mass decreased,instead of showing a peak,with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period Ⅰwas mainly from local sources,while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period Ⅱ.The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged,resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential.Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.

Experimental Measurement of Both Kinetic and Total Mass Transfer Between Two Electromagnetically Stirred Molten Layers

In ladle metallurgical processing,two liquid layers,a metallic layer below a salty or oxide layer,are separated by an interface where mass exchanges occur by the way of a redox reaction.The mass transfer associated with such reaction is strongly dependent on the agitation of each phase as well of their interface.We use an experimental system able to melt separately metal and salt.Once these elements are molten a sampling system is used.The experimenter chooses the sampling times.Finally,the collected samples and the final metal and salt ingots are analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-AES).During the experiments,both temperature and,intensity and frequency of the inducting current,are measured.Comparisons on experimental results are done varying the induction as well as the transferred element.