Beyond an Elegant Political Slogan： Reading the Mass Line through the Lens of Methods

The mass line （ML） played a significant role in the history of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and was incorporated into the CPC＇s Constitution as the fundamental line for all work. However, to most people, the ML would sound more like an elegant political slogan than an effective method for solving problems. This paper interprets the essence of the ML as a philosophical method of knowing the world, a political method of leadership and a practical method of solving problems. In the new era of rule of law, the ML is also considered as a potential approach to democracy in China. The paper also criticizes the problems of the ML and proposes some suggestions against the comparison with the Western political systems. The paper will provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the ML, and the political philosophy in China.

The History of the CPC Is a History of the Shaping and Improvement of Its Mass Line

The history of the Party is a history in which the Party led the people to fight with the domestic and foreign enemies to achieve national and social liberation, and also a history in which the Party gradually established and deepened its flesh-and-blood ties with the people and shaped and improved its mass line. Without the support of the Chinese people, there would be no Communist Party of China. The people has always been root of the Party＇s survival and development, and the mass line has permeated into all aspects of the Party＇s lines, principles and policies, thus becoming the Chinese Communists＇ feelings and beliefs deep into the soul, their culture, ethics, ways of thinking, lifestyle, and driving force and lifeline.

Methods for the Determination of Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen Directly in Valine, Proline, Glutamine, and Glutamic Acid

Amino acids are very important compounds for the body and are involved in important functions that keep us healthy. Amino acids are essential components such as valine, proline, glutamine and glutamic acid. They can be synthesized either naturally or artificially. To examine the metabolism and regulate the synthesis process, compounds labeled with nitrogen or carbon isotopes need to be used. These isotopic compounds allow for more extensive research and enable studies that would otherwise be impossible. However, their use is dependent on the availability of simple, efficient methods for isotopic analysis. Currently, the determination of the atomic fraction of carbon and nitrogen isotopes is only possible through their conversion into molecular nitrogen or carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. This leads to the loss of information about isotopic enrichment in specific centers of the molecule. This article explores a new direct approach to determining the atomic fraction of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the isotope-modified or identical centers of these compounds. This method eliminates the transfer process and dilution due to nitrogen and carbon impurities. It is now possible to simultaneously determine the atomic fraction of nitrogen and carbon isotopes in the research substance. This method can be applied to amino acids, making it an effective tool for proposing new research methods. Several articles [1] [2] [3] have proposed similar methods for organic compounds and amino acids.

Genetic Variation Assessed with Microsatellites in Mass Selection Lines of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in China

Abstract Four successive mass selection lines of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, selected for faster growth in breeding pro- grams in China were examined at ten polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the level of allelic diversity and estimate the effective population size. These data were compared with those of their base population. The results showed that the genetic variation of the four generations were maintained at high levels with an average allelic richness of 18.8-20.6, and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.902-0.921. They were not reduced compared with those of their base population. Estimated effective population sizes based on temporal variances in microsatellite frequencies were smaller to that of sex ratio-corrected broodstock count estimates. Using a rela- tively large number ofbroodstock and keeping an equal sex ratio in the broodstock each generation may have contributed to retaining the original genetic diversity and maintaining relatively large effective population size. The results obtained in this study showed that the genetic variation was not affected greatly by mass selection progress and high genetic variation still existed in the mass selection lines, suggesting that there is still potential for increasing the gains in future generations of C. gigas. The present study provided im- portant information for future genetic improvement by selective breeding, and for the design of suitable management guidelines for genetic breeding of C. gigas.

Minimizing Makespan on Mixed Mass Production Lines of Two and Three Machines

The objective of the research discussed in this paper has been to find an optimal schedule on mixed mass production lines of two and three machines. Johnson's rule on flow shops is generalized to mixed mass production lines. Scheduling methods on three-machine lines are proposed for six special kinds of data of processing times of jobs. The scheduling method on two-machine lines is also proposed.

Mass Selection for Growth Improvement in Black Shell Line of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,naturally distributing along the coast of northwest Pacific,is one of the most important bivalve species due to its high economic value and fecundity.In China,we have initiated a selective breeding program on both shell color and growth rate of C.gigas since 2010.A black shell line was obtained through four-generation family selection.In this study,mass selection for growth improvement was conducted in the sixth generation and seventh generation of black shell lines.To assess the progress of potential genetic improvement,the progeny of two generations of black shell lines were selected to evaluate their shell heights via a 450-day farming experiment.As the results,after growing for 450 days,the sixth generation and seventh generation of selected lines were 9.03% and 11.42% larger than the control lines,respectively.During the grow-out stage,the genetic gain of two generations was 8.82%±0.18% and 11.54%±0.43%,respectively;and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.45±0.04 and 0.41±0.04,respectively.These results indicated that the mass selection for shell height achieved steady progress in the two generations of C.gigas.

MODEL OF OPERATING AND BALANCING ASSEMBLY LINE IN A MASS CUSTOMIZATION ENVIRONMENT

The successful implementation of mass customization lies on reengineeringtechnology and management methods to organize the production. Especially in assembly phase, variousproduct configurations, due-time penalties and order-driven strategy challenge the traditionaloperation and management of assembly lines. The business features and the operation pattern ofassembly line based on mass customization are analyzed. And the research emphatically studiesvarious technologic factors to improve customer satisfaction and their corresponding implementmethods in operating assembly line. In addition, the models are proposed for operating assembly lineunder dynamic process environment in mass customization. A genetic approach is developed to providethe optimal solution to the models. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated with anindustrial application.

Chemical Selectivity of Laser Ion Source for on-Line Mass Separator

Thulium(Tm)atoms are resonantly ionized in a hot tube by stepwise excitations us-ing three dye lasers pumped by a series of copper vapor pulsed at a 10 kHz rate.The chemicalselectivity of the laser ion source is measured as a function of temperature of the tubes made ofTa,Nb-Zr and TaC.The chemical selectivity rises from 50 to 10000 with decreasing tube temp-erature and strongly depends on the tube material.A chemical selectivity of about 10000 withhigh efficiencies is obtained with the Nb-Zr and TaC tubes.Such a laser ion source can be usedin on-line mass separator to obtain isobarically pure ion beams.

Use of a TG-Bridge/Mass Spectrometry Method for On-line Monitoring the Emissions of Pine Needles Combustion

森林火灾排放物主要包含气体、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、和半挥发性有机化合物(SVOCs),这些物质会严重威胁消防队员和居民的健康。森林火灾烟气是一种包含固体颗粒、液体和气体化合物的复杂混合物。在火前锋附近(靠近消防队员)或者离火前锋很远(但靠近居民)的地方,当苯、甲苯、烯烃等有机化合物的浓度超过各健康安全组织规定的极限值,就可能对健康产生影响。本文给出了一种使用室内热重桥 质谱联用对炉内松针燃烧实验进行火前锋排放物在线监测的新方法。该燃烧实验被认为含氧量较低,这是真实森林火灾中通常的情形。使用这种方法测量得到的苯和甲苯的最大浓度分别是1050和2050ppm。CO2的最大浓度超过10.000ppm。

党群逻辑与基层治理型回应——基于桥镇群众走访的研究

在提升政府回应性的过程中,以公众满意率为核心指标的行政型回应模式面临着回应性悖论。基于此,桥镇通过群众走访的机制创新,主动回应群众诉求,塑造了一套以政治伦理和政治压力为内核,以干部联组和党委政府统筹为路径的治理型回应模式。这一模式的逻辑是,党委政府通过责任包干,激活干部内在的责任—情感动力;赋予干部自主空间,弹性回应群众诉求;借助政治统合和群众动员,重塑群众诉求的公共性和政治性。区别于跨层级的行政型回应模式,治理型回应模式在基层治理场域内完成对群众诉求的识别、分类及回应,具有主动性、整体性、低制度化等特点。在政府回应“弱政治化”的背景下,重拾群众路线对提升基层治理绩效和体制合法性具有重要意义。

信访:民众诉求表达与社会矛盾化解的重要制度安排

信访工作是中国共产党群众路线的重要体现,是党治国理政的一项特有制度安排,深嵌于中国国家治理场景中。信访制度发轫于新中国成立初期,历经改革开放后的恢复发展,到新时代党和国家对其的改革重塑,反映出不同历史阶段的时代特征。在实践过程中,信访制度塑造了中央政府、基层政府与信访民众等多行为主体之间复杂的关系样态,呈现出“政府回应与社会抗争”“群众路线与维稳利器”“维权之举与谋利之术”等行为逻辑。就未来改革和研究议程而言,需从宏观上将信访融入国家治理整体格局中思考,从中观上优化信访制度本身的运行逻辑,从微观上健全和完善信访工作的各项机制。

Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Fractions in Tartaric Acid, Oxalic Acid, Glucose and Fructose—National Center of High Technologies of Georgia

Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].

建构共识:在精英结构分化的村庄落实“一肩挑”——基于“S村”的经验研究

村级组织负责人“一肩挑”制度对解决村庄“两委”矛盾,强化党组织在农村基层治理中的领导核心地位有重要意义。但是,在“两委”力量相互制衡、精英结构相对分化的村庄,“一肩挑”制度的推行并不顺利。2021年,A镇在所辖16个行政村推行“一肩挑”制度,其中15个村都顺利实现了村内组织“一肩挑”,唯独“S村”遭遇瓶颈。其主要原因是该村已形成比较稳定的村“两委”相互制衡的精英结构,仅靠村庄自治力量难以实现权力整合。在这种情况下,乡镇党委通过灵活运用党的工作方法分别在村庄精英内部以及村民内部建构共识,为强调权力整合的“一肩挑”制度创造条件。一方面,通过党内干部工作方法在原村干部内部打破隔阂,在村庄精英中凝聚候选人共识;另一方面,利用群众工作方法凝聚村庄民意,在村民中构建选举共识。在村庄自治力量存在分化的情况下,党的领导对整合村庄精英、建构村内共识起到了关键作用。

《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》工会思想的生成逻辑、核心意蕴与现实启示

《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》是列宁的经典文本之一,蕴含着十分丰富的工会思想。这一工会思想的生成植根于马克思恩格斯严密的工会理论,生发于国际及俄国国内工人运动历史的经验总结,成长于对形形色色工会问题争论的现实批判,具有理论、历史和现实三重逻辑。“党直接依靠工会来进行自己的工作”的特殊地位、“工会是共产主义学校”的职能定位、“对工会进行教育和领导”的组织建设构成这一工会思想的核心意蕴。挖掘这一文本的工会思想对当前做好工会工作具有深刻的现实启示:前提基础在于充分认识到工会工作的极端重要性,根本保证在于坚持党对工会工作的集中统一领导,价值彰显在于发挥工会在新时代的教育培训功能。

新中国盐务缉私武装研究(1949-1952)

新中国成立初期,为缉私护税、保障财政收入,各地盐区先后组建并适度扩大了盐务缉私武装。从其建制上看,盐务缉私武装是一支具有特殊警察性质的军事化或半军事化组织。在缉私过程中,盐务缉私武装发动教育群众缉私并与群众缉私小组相配合,提升了缉私效果。1951年底到1952年,盐务缉私武装奉命整编裁改,既是“群众觉悟提高”的必然结果,也是国家“精兵简政、增产节约”的需要,但从更深层次上看,反映了国家财政税收政策的变化,盐务治理能力的提升。由于盐税税率的降低,挤压了食盐走私的空间,减轻了盐务缉私的压力。

面向火电厂煤粉尘浓度的预测评估算法的研究

火力发电的主要能源来自煤炭,而由于燃煤发电过程中产生的煤尘扩散是引起火电厂粉尘爆炸风险和尘肺职业病的主要根源之一,因此必须进行实时有效的检测和控制。当前粉尘检测方法仅使用单一的粉尘质量浓度指标来评估粉尘污染整体状况,缺乏对多种复合因素影响的考量,依靠单一阈值设定进行报警,易出现误报、漏报等现象,以及忽略粉尘爆炸这一重要事故场景,不能建立粉尘污染全面客观的评价方法。研究建立了一种粉尘质量浓度预测模型,基于金豺优化算法对极限学习机的最优初始权重进行寻优,再使用极限学习机对样本数据进行训练学习,提高神经网络模型的精度,可较为准确地预测30 min以内任意时间间隔的粉尘质量浓度,并将现场数据及模拟仿真数据与建立的粉尘质量浓度预测模型进行对比分析。结果显示:建立的粉尘质量浓度预测模型准确度良好,与现场数据及模拟仿真数据对比误差分别为0.72%和2.1%,可加强对火电厂粉尘环境进行预测预警,从而及时采取合理的粉尘控制策略,确保火电厂的生产安全并降低粉尘对作业人员的职业危害。

党的组织力何以助推乡村共同富裕?——基于“情景-主体-策略-制度”的解释框架

党的农村基层组织力是推动乡村共同富裕的重要抓手。基于对组织力概念的辨析,本文构建了“情景-主体-策略-制度”4维理论框架,以解释党的农村基层组织力在落实国家中心任务实现“集体协商-共同目标-集体行动-共同富裕”中的具体行动逻辑。进一步,结合浙江省K镇“党建联盟+片区组团”的具体实践案例,研究发现党的组织力通过“对接统合”多元主体,进而“引领创变”形成因地制宜、因村而变的不同策略选择,是有效破解乡村振兴中公共事务治理能力弱化困局、促进共同富裕的关键。最后,本文从强化“党建引领+村民参与”的组织结构,实现民主集中的“集体协商”;发挥组织力“对接统合+引领创变”优势,凝聚发展有望的“共同目标”;组织力赋能公共事务治理能力,激发内生驱动的“集体行动”;党员接力培育村内精英,持续实现“共同富裕”等4个方面提出政策启示。

地铁车站叠合墙内衬早龄期温度与应变演化规律

为探究叠合墙早龄期内衬温度与应变演化规律,依托地铁车站叠合墙工程开展早龄期内衬墙温度与应变现场监测,分析内衬墙的裂缝分布特征、温度与应变演化规律。结果表明:在早龄期,裂缝多从内衬墙的底部施工缝向上延伸,大部分裂缝为竖向裂缝,少量斜裂缝位于墙角;内衬墙的中部温度高于四周温度,而墙体中心的温度峰值与降温速率最大,表面温度峰值最小,并且墙体存在明显的里表温差;在早龄期,内衬墙存在明显的膨胀与收缩现象,并且不同方向上的应变演化规律存在明显的区别。

在动员与赋权之间:中国青年政策哲学演进脉络中的青年发展型城市建设

中国青年政策体现出赋权与动员这两种取向的有机结合,党的群众路线是这种结合得以成立的方法论基础。革命战争年代的青年动员取向在党全面执政条件下的转型和青年发展型城市建设中分别体现了从动员到赋权和从赋权到动员的相反运动方向,两者的结合体现了中国青年政策取向中动员与赋权之间的辩证关系逻辑,最终使得中国青年政策实现动员取向与赋权取向的融合与平衡。青年发展型城市建设通过探索形成了赋权式动员这一相对稳定的青年政策新取向,延续和发展了以赋权和动员相结合为特征的中国青年政策哲学,这在青年政策取向的历史演进和当代定型中具有普遍意义,也体现了共青团如何通过政策倡导功能将青年工作上升为中心工作的一部分,从而更好地开展青年工作。

真空紫外光电离质谱法在烟气老化研究中的应用

本文应用自主研发的真空紫外光电离飞行时间质谱仪,原位在线检测燃烧型卷烟、加热不燃烧型卷烟和电子烟产生的烟气气溶胶,表征其气相成分及颗粒相成分。结果表明,3种烟气气溶胶的化学组成差异显著,其中燃烧型卷烟的成分含量及物种丰度远大于新型烟草制品,其气相和颗粒相的整体信号强度分别约为新型烟草制品的100倍和10倍。检出的气溶胶成分中含有大量不饱和化合物,这些物质在环境中极易被氧化并生成新的超细颗粒物。结合Teflon反应腔分别模拟以上3种类型的烟气气溶胶在不同臭氧浓度下的老化过程,结果均有超细颗粒物生成。超细颗粒物的形成条件与前体物的含量和成分分布有关,燃烧型卷烟气溶胶在室内O_(3)浓度下就可以很快形成超细颗粒物,而新型烟草制品则需要更高浓度的O_(3)或更长的老化时间。