Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is...Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is established to predict drying time and the mass variations of materials during the drying. The experimental results agree well with those calculated by the model.展开更多
As one of the most important micro energy storage devices(MESDs),graphene-based micro-supercapacitors(G-MSCs)possess the advantages of excellent flexibility,long cycle life,affordability and high reliability.In most c...As one of the most important micro energy storage devices(MESDs),graphene-based micro-supercapacitors(G-MSCs)possess the advantages of excellent flexibility,long cycle life,affordability and high reliability.In most cases,constructing three-dimensional(3D)graphene networks is widely utilized to promote the permeation of electrolyte and enhance the utilization of active materials.In this work,conventional freeze-drying process is utilized in the fabrication of G-MSCs to constitute 3D interconnected networks micro-electrodes,and further by regulating the composition of inks,carbon spheres(CSs)at different mass loadings are introduced into the graphene scaffolds to further increase the active sites of the micro-electrodes.The fabricated all carbon-based MSC with the optimal mass loading of CSs(0.406 mg cm^(-2))exhibits a high specific areal capacitance of 17.01mF cm^(-2)at the scan rate of 10mV s^(-1)and a capacitance retention of 93.14%after 10000 cycles at the scan rate of 500 mV s^(-1).The proposed microfabrication process is facile and fully compatible with modern microtechnologies and will be highly suitable for large-scale production and integration.展开更多
臭豆腐因其独特的风味而深受消费者喜爱。为分析不同工艺臭豆腐中风味成分的差异性,文章采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/M...臭豆腐因其独特的风味而深受消费者喜爱。为分析不同工艺臭豆腐中风味成分的差异性,文章采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS),选取2种南北方经典工艺臭豆腐样品,对其风味成分进行提取、分离和鉴定,运用峰面积归一化法计算各风味成分的相对含量,并进行对比分析。结果表明,2种工艺臭豆腐含有的风味成分差异较大,南方工艺臭豆腐中鉴定出风味成分33种,北方工艺臭豆腐中鉴定出风味成分32种,两者共有风味成分8种。2种工艺臭豆腐中风味成分的差异性主要体现在烃类、醛类、酮类、醇类、酸类、酯类、含硫类等7类化合物上,且共有的8种成分(4-异丙基甲苯、(-)-4-萜品醇、枯茗醛、2-哌啶酮、大茴香脑、2-戊基噻吩、2-戊基呋喃和吲哚)在相对含量上也有较大的差异,这与臭豆腐制作工艺的差异性有紧密联系。研究结果为不同工艺臭豆腐的质量评价提供了一定的数据参考。展开更多
文摘Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is established to predict drying time and the mass variations of materials during the drying. The experimental results agree well with those calculated by the model.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51425204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521001,51502227,51579198,51802239)+6 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202603,2016YFA0202604)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B17034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015T80845)the Yellow Crane Talent(Science&Technology)Program of Wuhan Citythe Wuhan Morning Light Plan of Youth Science and Technology(No.2017050304010316)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2017III005,2017III009,2018IVA091)the Students innovation and entrepreneurship training program(WUT:20171049701005).
文摘As one of the most important micro energy storage devices(MESDs),graphene-based micro-supercapacitors(G-MSCs)possess the advantages of excellent flexibility,long cycle life,affordability and high reliability.In most cases,constructing three-dimensional(3D)graphene networks is widely utilized to promote the permeation of electrolyte and enhance the utilization of active materials.In this work,conventional freeze-drying process is utilized in the fabrication of G-MSCs to constitute 3D interconnected networks micro-electrodes,and further by regulating the composition of inks,carbon spheres(CSs)at different mass loadings are introduced into the graphene scaffolds to further increase the active sites of the micro-electrodes.The fabricated all carbon-based MSC with the optimal mass loading of CSs(0.406 mg cm^(-2))exhibits a high specific areal capacitance of 17.01mF cm^(-2)at the scan rate of 10mV s^(-1)and a capacitance retention of 93.14%after 10000 cycles at the scan rate of 500 mV s^(-1).The proposed microfabrication process is facile and fully compatible with modern microtechnologies and will be highly suitable for large-scale production and integration.
文摘臭豆腐因其独特的风味而深受消费者喜爱。为分析不同工艺臭豆腐中风味成分的差异性,文章采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS),选取2种南北方经典工艺臭豆腐样品,对其风味成分进行提取、分离和鉴定,运用峰面积归一化法计算各风味成分的相对含量,并进行对比分析。结果表明,2种工艺臭豆腐含有的风味成分差异较大,南方工艺臭豆腐中鉴定出风味成分33种,北方工艺臭豆腐中鉴定出风味成分32种,两者共有风味成分8种。2种工艺臭豆腐中风味成分的差异性主要体现在烃类、醛类、酮类、醇类、酸类、酯类、含硫类等7类化合物上,且共有的8种成分(4-异丙基甲苯、(-)-4-萜品醇、枯茗醛、2-哌啶酮、大茴香脑、2-戊基噻吩、2-戊基呋喃和吲哚)在相对含量上也有较大的差异,这与臭豆腐制作工艺的差异性有紧密联系。研究结果为不同工艺臭豆腐的质量评价提供了一定的数据参考。