Source-Space Compressive Matched Field Processing for Source Localization

Source localization by matched-field processing （MFP） can be accelerated by building a database of Green＇s functions which however requires a bulk-storage memory. According to the sparsity of the source locations in the search grids of MFP, compressed sensing inspires an approach to reduce the database by introducing a sensing matrix to compress the database. Compressed sensing is further used to estimate the source locations with higher resolution by solving the β -norm optimization problem of the compressed Green＇s function and the data received by a vertieal/horizontal line array. The method is validated by simulation and is verified with the experimental data.

Matched Field Localization Based on CS-MUSIC Algorithm

The problem caused by shortness or excessiveness of snapshots and by coherent sources in underwater acoustic positioning is considered.A matched field localization algorithm based on CS-MUSIC(Compressive Sensing Multiple Signal Classification) is proposed based on the sparse mathematical model of the underwater positioning.The signal matrix is calculated through the SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) of the observation matrix.The observation matrix in the sparse mathematical model is replaced by the signal matrix,and a new concise sparse mathematical model is obtained,which means not only the scale of the localization problem but also the noise level is reduced;then the new sparse mathematical model is solved by the CS-MUSIC algorithm which is a combination of CS(Compressive Sensing) method and MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) method.The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome effectively the difficulties caused by correlated sources and shortness of snapshots,and it can also reduce the time complexity and noise level of the localization problem by using the SVD of the observation matrix when the number of snapshots is large,which will be proved in this paper.

Algorithm of far-field centre estimation based on phase-only matched filter

Estimation of the far-field centre is carried out in beam auto-alignment. In this paper, the features of the far-field of a square beam are presented. Based on these features, a phase-only matched filter is designed, and the algorithm of centre estimation is developed. Using the simulated images with different kinds of noise and the 40 test images that are taken in sequence, the accuracy of this algorithm is estimated. Results show that the error is no more than one pixel for simulated noise images with a 99% probability, and the stability is restricted within one pixel for test images. Using the improved algorithm, the consumed time is reduced to 0.049 s.

An experimental study on matched field processing in shallow water

Matched field processing (MFP) is a generalized beamforming method which uses the spatial complexities of acoustic field in an ocean waveguide to localize sources in range, depth and azimuth or to infer parameters of the waveguide itself. In the paper, we present simulated and experimental results on narrow-band point source localization in shallow water by the matched field processing of a vertical array. Range-depth ambiguity surfaces are obtained by the spatial correlation of the incident field (modeled or realistic) with a modeled replica of that field. The simulated results indicate that a high-quality ambiguity surface can be obtained in case of perfect match between the 'true' environmental parameters and those used to compute the replica field. The effects of mismatches result in a degraded ambiguity surface and incorrect localization. Examples of localizations obtained with real sea test data are presented. It is shown that the conventional methods have better robustness than the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) based method. By employing the reduced minimum variance beamforming (RMVB), we can also get better results.

Matched-field localization using a virtual time-reversal processing method in shallow water

Time-reversal processing(TRP) is an implementation of matched-field processing(MFP) where the ocean itself is used to construct the replica field.This paper introduces virtual time-reversal processing(VTRP) that is implemented electronically at a receiver array and simulates the kind of processing that would be done by an actual TRP during the reciprocal propagation stage.MFP is a forward propagation process,while VTRP is a back-propagation process,which exploits the properties of reciprocity and superposition and is realized by weighting the replica surface with the complex conjugate of the data received on the corresponding element,followed by summation of the processed received data.The number of parabolic equation computational grids of VTRP is much smaller than that of MFP in a range-dependent waveguide.As a result,the localization surface of VTRP can be formed faster than its MFP counterpart in a range-dependent waveguide.The performance of VTRP for source localization is validated through numerical simulations and data from the Mediterranean Sea.

基于图像处理的电路板缺陷检测系统设计

针对传统电路板缺陷检测多为人工检测、速度较慢且成本较高的问题,本文研究设计了一款以图像处理为基础、利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现对电路板缺陷准确、高速的检测系统。在传统图像增强算法的基础上提出一种针对不同图像信息采用不同感兴趣区间的方法,增强效果显著;为减少电路板上标识字样对匹配算法计算速度的影响,提出一种去除丝印算法,将电路板上多余的标识字样取消,减少图像匹配的计算量,加快检测的速度;在传统绝对误差和算法(SAD)模板匹配算法的基础上采用去平均值法计算图像信息,减小光照变化带来的影响;将传统2算子Sobel边缘检测扩展到8算子边缘检测,边缘信息更加明显清晰。采用FPGA作为硬件平台,在Vivado开发环境下实现Verilog HDL硬件逻辑语言,下载到FPGA中实现。实验结果表明,系统的平均检测精度为98.53%,检测单张电路板的时间为8.204 s。本系统设计在检测精度和速度上都有明显提升,且造价成本低。

Matched field noise suppression: Principle with application to towed hydrophone line array

Discrete noise source suppression in underwa-ter acoustic channel has attracted great attention in recent years. The paper proposes a new principle for dealing with the problem. This new principle is called matched field noise suppression (MFNS). Based on a previous work of the au-thors group, a full understanding about how a discrete noise source shows effects on the performance of a towed hydro-phone line array has been obtained. In light of that finding, MFNS is proposed, which explores and utilizes the charac-teristics of the noise transmission channel to achieve much greater suppression of the noise in comparison with existing approaches. MFNS combines the concept of matched field processing (MFP) and optimal sensor array processing (OSAP) together to suppress the discrete noise source and to maintain an optimal beam for receiving far-field wanted plane wave signals. A MFNS beam-former is deduced in constraint with signal plane-wave response being unit and noise matched field response being zero. A closed-form solution of the weight vec-tor for the beam-former is given. Computer simulation results agree well to the theoretical analysis.

由矢量水听器阵反演海底地声参数

矢量水听器能同时测量声压和质点振速信号,为了对这些信息在海底地声参数反演中加以充分利用,根据声传播理论研究了不同号简正波对声矢量场的影响,并在此基础上提出了一种将声压和质点振速相联合的地声反演方法.理论与实验研究表明,对声压和质点水平振速而言,低号简正波往往占主要贡献,而对于质点垂直振速,高号简正波的贡献更大.海底地声参数反演的数值仿真与实验结果表明,基于矢量水听器阵的地声反演方法可以有效降低海底声学参数反演的不确定性.这为矢量水听器应用于海洋环境监测提供了一种新方法.

不确实海洋中最小方差匹配场波束形成对环境参量失配的灵敏性分析

浅海环境背景下由于空-时采样不充分、介质的空时变化性,海洋环境参量通常是不确知的,由此驱动数值传播模型得到的拷贝声场也是不确实的,从而导致基于拷贝声场和测量声场作拷贝相关处理的最小方差匹配场波束形成性能下降.针对上述问题,利用NRL Workshop′93提供的典型浅海不确实海洋环境,以不确实情况下定位偏置、不确实时与确知时模糊度表面主瓣峰值比、主瓣背景比3个量为性能度量,量化分析了宽带最小方差匹配场波束形成的性能对水体声速、海深等8个环境参量不确实性的灵敏性.经对环境参量失配的全面量化分析,结果表明:海深、水体声速是最敏感参量,沉积层声速次之,其他参量的灵敏性最弱.

阵间模基处理被动定位技术研究

随着目标声源级不断减小、环境噪声级不断增大,常规的基于单节点的被动定位方式已经不能满足声纳探测的需求,因此提出一种新的将网络化探测系统和模基处理技术相结合的被动定位方法,可以从空间不同角度对目标进行观察并充分利用环境声场的复杂性对目标进行定位。模基处理方法主要有匹配场处理、匹配模处理等,以匹配场处理为例进行分析,将常规波束形成(Conventional Beamforming,CBF)、自适应波束形成(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)两种匹配场处理器和阵间相干、非相干信号处理方法相结合进行仿真,对单阵和多阵、MVDR和CBF、相干处理和非相干处理、宽带和窄带之间的定位性能进行了对比。仿真结果显示,基于多节点的阵间模基相干处理方式在定位性能上明显优于单节点的模基处理结果。

浅海地声参数宽带匹配场反演的实验研究

根据不同浅海环境参数在不同的频段对匹配场功率具有不同贡献的特点 ,提出了宽带匹配场反演的多步优化策略 ,并与直接全参数反演进行了实测数据的性能对比。采用多步反演策略对亚洲海实验 ( ASIAEX2 0 0 1 )数据进行处理 ,按照不同海区水文条件的差异 ,分别进行了水平不变和水平变化的环境参数反演 ,得到了东中国海

由矢量水听器阵列反演浅海地声参数

基于矢量水听器能够比传统的声压水听器提供更多的声场信息,文章提供了一种利用矢量水听器阵列(AVS)进行浅海地声参数反演的方法。首先,对声场矢量的传播规律进行了研究;其次,利用矢量匹配场(MFP)方法进行了海底声速的反演;最后利用声压和质点垂直振速的传播损失差反演了海底吸收。基于矢量水听器的海底参数反演方法主要具有下述优点:一是利用矢量匹配场反演海底声速能够有效减小参数估计误差;二是利用声场矢量传播损失差进行海底吸收反演能够排除信号源级起伏对反演的干扰。实验结果表明,基于矢量水听器阵列的海底参数反演能够很好的进行声场传播预报工作。

指纹中心点的定位和特征匹配方法

提出了一种新的指纹中心点搜索的方法及基于中心点的指纹匹配算法 .它利用指纹块方向图中块方向的变化进行中心点的粗细两步搜索 ,首先在粗方向图中搜索方向锐变区域 ,然后在细方向图中对相应的区域再进一步搜索方向锐变的区域 ,最终得到中心点 .在此基础上介绍了基于网格的旋转匹配方法 .此方法对噪声大的指纹有较强的抗干扰性 ,算法相对简单且效果良好 .

拖线阵声纳的匹配场后置波束形成干扰抵消方法

根据拖曳线列阵对本舰噪声的接收响应机理 ,提出了一种用于本舰干扰抵消的新方法 ,即在现有后置波束形成干扰抵消器的基础上 ,利用本舰噪声在拖线阵上的拷贝场向量直接进行干扰波束形成 ,从而更好地达到消除本舰强干扰的目的。同时 ,还将匹配场干扰抵消方法推广应用于同方向强干扰背景下的弱目标检测问题。理论与仿真分析表明 ,匹配场 PIC比基于平面波的

大张坨地下储气库注采工艺管柱配套技术

按照储气库注采井的基本要求和大张坨地区独特的地面条件及油层压力系数非常低的特点 ,设计了具有射孔、试油、注气、采气等多功能的注采工艺管柱。通过方案实施 ,具有多种功能的这套管柱均一次成功完成 ,施工成功率 10 0 % ,证明了这套管柱的可靠性。它有效地保护了油气层 ,克服了常规方案造成二次污染的问题 ,具有安全、可靠、实用、免修期长等许多优点 ,为今后地下储气库的建设提供了成功先例 ;另外 ,采气树整体升高方案及地面安全控制系统的设计不仅满足了特殊的泄洪区环境防污染、防火灾的需要 ,而且还具有简单、实用、可靠、经济等特点 ,为以后开发特殊环境下的油气田提供了指导意义。

匹配场定位强干扰抑制最小方差无畸变响应处理技术

针对强干扰条件下的弱目标定位问题,提出强干扰抑制最小方差无畸变响应匹配场处理技术。其原理是约束对所探测方位的响应为1,以及对强干扰方位的响应为0,同时使输出能量最小。建立了相应的最优化问题,推导得出处理器的闭式解。通过弱目标位于强干扰正下方的实例,验证了该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在低信干比情况下,该方法较常规处理器以及对角加载最小方差无畸变响应处理器有更高的目标探测性能,在信干比接近0时,可消除旁瓣所引起的虚假目标。

基于匹配场处理的天波雷达高度估计算法

天波超视距雷达通常采用距离-多普勒处理来检测海面上的目标。距离-多普勒处理可以获得目标的斜距和多普勒频率,而不能获得目标的高度信息。该文提出一种基于匹配场处理的算法来估计目标高度,算法利用单个驻留周期的回波数据来进行估计。仿真表明,在给定的仿真场景下,目标高度估计精度可达2000 m左右。与已提出的对数似然函数算法相比,该算法具有更好的稳健性。

不确定环境下后验概率约束的匹配场处理

不确定海洋环境下,匹配场处理(MFP)所使用的环境模型与真实环境总会存在一定的差异,即存在环境参数失配,此时匹配场处理的性能严重下降。为了提高匹配场处理的稳健性,提出了一种后验概率约束的匹配场处理器(MFP-PPC)。利用贝叶斯准则推导出了位置参数的后验概率密度(PPD)估计,以此为约束为自适应匹配场处理器(AMFP)提供主瓣保护,使得算法具有AMFP高分辨特点的同时稳健性也得到改善。为了验证算法的性能,使用不确定浅海环境下的仿真数据和海试数据进行了处理分析。分析结果表明:不确定环境下,MFP-PPC不仅能够稳健地定位固定声源,而且能够稳健地定位运动声源,且跟踪曲线和声源移动轨迹吻合较好。

一种基于梯度域的三维军标绘制方法

为提高三维战场环境仿真中军标的标绘速度,提出一种基于梯度域的三维动态军标快速绘制方法。本方法首先提取军标覆盖区域的地形数据,通过梯度域计算获取对地形形状影响最大的若干特征点;通过特征合并对特征点进行进一步精简;通过对特征点进行样条插值,实现三维军标控制曲线的平滑过渡。实验证明,通过本绘制方法可以实现军标的快速绘制,并能使军标在动态运动过程中保持地形匹配,可显著提高军标绘制效率。

基于最小二乘的短垂线阵匹配场处理

匹配场处理通常要求接收基阵能够覆盖整个水层,如此大尺度的布阵方式严重阻碍了该方法的广泛使用。为了缓解匹配场处理对阵形的苛刻要求,该文提出一种基于最小二乘的短垂线阵匹配场处理技术。该方法把接收阵的声场分解为模态函数矩阵和模态系数向量,并在最小范数意义下用最小二乘算法得到了各阶模态系数的估计值,在此基础上重新构造了短垂线阵的测量场向量,使得重构后的测量场包含更多的环境信息,从而提高了短垂线阵匹配场处理的性能。最后,在典型的Pekeris波导环境中进行仿真,以3种布放在水面附近的短垂线阵为例,分析了匹配场被动定位的性能,并用广义余弦量化分析了不同布阵方式对测量场的影响。结果表明:使用最小二乘算法对短阵的测量场进行声场重构后广义余弦变大,此时短垂线阵匹配场处理的定位性能得到改善,验证了该算法的有效性。