We applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation-accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains （Mts.） and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment...We applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation-accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains （Mts.） and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment in each sedimentation stage of the basin was estimated to obtain the denudation volume, erosion thickness and deposit thickness since the Late Triassic Epoch, to enable us to recover the paleoelevation of the provenance and the sedimentary area. The results show the following： （1） Since the Late Triassic Epoch, the elevation of the surface of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted from 0 m to 2751 m, and the crust of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted by 9.8 km. Approximately 72% of the materials introduced have been denuded from the mountains. （2） It is difficult to recover the paleoelevation of each stage of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin quantitatively by the present-day techniques and data. （3） The formation of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin consisted of three stages of thrust belt tectonic load and three stages of thrust belt erosional unload. During tectonic loading stages （Late Triassic Epoch, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous-Miocene）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was lower （approximately 700-1700 m）. During erosional unloading stages （Early and Middle Jurassic, Middle Cretaceous and Jiaguan, Late Cenozoic）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was high at approximately 2000-2800m.展开更多
Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters con...Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a variety of materials,such as nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorus),lithium,and rare earth elements,which can be recovered as value-added products.Owing to their modularity,convenient operation and control,and the non-requirement of chemical dosage,electrochemical technologies offer a great promise for resource recovery in small-scale,decentralized systems.Here,we review three emerging electrochemical technologies for materials recovery applications:electrosorption based on carbonaceous and intercalation electrodes,electrochemical redox processes,and electrochemically induced precipitation.We highlight the mechanisms for achieving selective materials recovery in these processes.We also present an overview of the advantages and limitations of these technologies,as well as the key challenges that need to be overcome for their deployment in real-world systems to achieve cost-effective and sustainable materials recovery.展开更多
In recent years JSC "Krastsvetmet" has successfully developed the production of chemically pure compounds of precious metals.Currently methods have been developed and facilities have been provided for indust...In recent years JSC "Krastsvetmet" has successfully developed the production of chemically pure compounds of precious metals.Currently methods have been developed and facilities have been provided for industrial production of the following platinum metals compounds:Rhodium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,rhodium(Ⅲ) chloride solution,rhodium(Ⅲ) nitrate solution,rhodium(Ⅲ) iodide,rhodium(Ⅲ) sulfate,hydrated rhodium(Ⅲ) oxide,ammonium hexachlororodiate,rhodium(Ⅲ) phosphate solution,rhodium electrolytes;Iridium(Ⅳ) chloride hydrate,iridium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,ammonium hexachloroiridate(Ⅳ),hexa chloriridium acid solution,hexachloriridium crystalline acid;Ruthenium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,ruthenium(Ⅳ) hydroxide chloride,ruthenium(Ⅳ) hydroxide chloride solution,ammonium hexachlororuthenate,ruthenium(Ⅲ) chloride solution,potassium,diaquaoctachloronitrido diruthenate.The quality of the production meets the requirements of Russian and foreign consumers.展开更多
基金the Project of the National Natural Science Foudation of China (Grant No.41372114,41340005,41172162,40972083)
文摘We applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation-accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains （Mts.） and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment in each sedimentation stage of the basin was estimated to obtain the denudation volume, erosion thickness and deposit thickness since the Late Triassic Epoch, to enable us to recover the paleoelevation of the provenance and the sedimentary area. The results show the following： （1） Since the Late Triassic Epoch, the elevation of the surface of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted from 0 m to 2751 m, and the crust of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted by 9.8 km. Approximately 72% of the materials introduced have been denuded from the mountains. （2） It is difficult to recover the paleoelevation of each stage of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin quantitatively by the present-day techniques and data. （3） The formation of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin consisted of three stages of thrust belt tectonic load and three stages of thrust belt erosional unload. During tectonic loading stages （Late Triassic Epoch, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous-Miocene）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was lower （approximately 700-1700 m）. During erosional unloading stages （Early and Middle Jurassic, Middle Cretaceous and Jiaguan, Late Cenozoic）, the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was high at approximately 2000-2800m.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support from the startup fundsthe Cross-Disciplinary Research Fund from the George Washington University.
文摘Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a variety of materials,such as nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorus),lithium,and rare earth elements,which can be recovered as value-added products.Owing to their modularity,convenient operation and control,and the non-requirement of chemical dosage,electrochemical technologies offer a great promise for resource recovery in small-scale,decentralized systems.Here,we review three emerging electrochemical technologies for materials recovery applications:electrosorption based on carbonaceous and intercalation electrodes,electrochemical redox processes,and electrochemically induced precipitation.We highlight the mechanisms for achieving selective materials recovery in these processes.We also present an overview of the advantages and limitations of these technologies,as well as the key challenges that need to be overcome for their deployment in real-world systems to achieve cost-effective and sustainable materials recovery.
文摘In recent years JSC "Krastsvetmet" has successfully developed the production of chemically pure compounds of precious metals.Currently methods have been developed and facilities have been provided for industrial production of the following platinum metals compounds:Rhodium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,rhodium(Ⅲ) chloride solution,rhodium(Ⅲ) nitrate solution,rhodium(Ⅲ) iodide,rhodium(Ⅲ) sulfate,hydrated rhodium(Ⅲ) oxide,ammonium hexachlororodiate,rhodium(Ⅲ) phosphate solution,rhodium electrolytes;Iridium(Ⅳ) chloride hydrate,iridium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,ammonium hexachloroiridate(Ⅳ),hexa chloriridium acid solution,hexachloriridium crystalline acid;Ruthenium(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate,ruthenium(Ⅳ) hydroxide chloride,ruthenium(Ⅳ) hydroxide chloride solution,ammonium hexachlororuthenate,ruthenium(Ⅲ) chloride solution,potassium,diaquaoctachloronitrido diruthenate.The quality of the production meets the requirements of Russian and foreign consumers.
