CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the ...CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.展开更多
In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of stability of functionally graded ma- terial (FGM) sandwich doubly curved shallow shells is studied under thermo-mechanical loads with material properties obeying the general ...In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of stability of functionally graded ma- terial (FGM) sandwich doubly curved shallow shells is studied under thermo-mechanical loads with material properties obeying the general sigmoid law and power law of four ma- terial models. Shells are reinforced by the FGM stiffeners and rest on elastic foundations. Theoretical formulations are derived by the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) with the von Karman-type nonlinearity taking into account the initial geometrical im- perfection and smeared stiffener technique. The explicit expressions for determining the critical buckling load and the post-buckling mechanical and thermal load-deflection curves are obtained by the Galerkin method. Two iterative algorithms are presented. The effects of the stiffeners, the thermal element, the distribution law of material, the initial imper- fection, the foundation, and the geometrical parameters on buckling and post-buckling of shells are investigated.展开更多
A model based on the Biot theory for simulating coupled hydro-dynamic behavior in saturated-unsaturated porous media was utilized with integration of the inertial coupling effect between the solid-fluid phases of the ...A model based on the Biot theory for simulating coupled hydro-dynamic behavior in saturated-unsaturated porous media was utilized with integration of the inertial coupling effect between the solid-fluid phases of the media into the model. Stationary instability and dispersivity of wave propagation in the media in one-dimensional problem were analyzed. The effects of the following factors on stationary, instability and dispersivity were discussed. They are the viscous and inertial couplings between the solid and the fluid phases, compressibility of the mixture composed of solid grains and pore fluid, the degree of saturation, visco-plastic (rate dependent inelastic) constitutive behavior of the solid skeleton under high strain rate. results and conclusion obtained by the present work will provide some bases or clues for overcoming the difficulties in numerical modelling of wave propagation in the media subjected to strong and shock loading.展开更多
A new technique was introduced for sand stabilization and re-vegetation by use of lignin sand stabilizing material(LSSM). LSSM is a reconstructed organic compound with lignin as the most dominant component from the ex...A new technique was introduced for sand stabilization and re-vegetation by use of lignin sand stabilizing material(LSSM). LSSM is a reconstructed organic compound with lignin as the most dominant component from the extracts of black-liquor issued by straw pulp paper mills. Unlike the polyvinyl acetate or foamed asphalt commonly used for dune stabilization, the new material is plant-friendly and can be used with virescence actions simultaneously. The field experimental study was conducted since 2001 in China's Northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and has been proved that LSSM is effective in stabilizing the fugitive dunes, making the arenaceous plants survive and the bare dune vegetative. The advisable solution concentration is 2% and the optimal field spraying quantity is 2 5 L/m^2 The soil nutrients of the stabilized and greened dune, such as organic matter, available phosphorous and total nitrogen are all increased compared with the control treatment, which is certainly helpful to the growth of arenaceous plants. The technique is worthwhile to be popularized because it is provided not only a new method for desertification control but also an outlet for cleaning contaminants issued from the straw paper mills.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have raised research interest in scientific community because their power conversion efficiency is comparable to that of traditional commercial solar cells(i.e., amorphous Si, GaAs,and CdT...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have raised research interest in scientific community because their power conversion efficiency is comparable to that of traditional commercial solar cells(i.e., amorphous Si, GaAs,and CdTe). Apart from that, PSCs are lightweight, are flexible, and have low production costs. Recently, graphene has been used as a novel material for PSC applications due to its excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The hydrophobic nature of graphene surface can provide protection against air moisture from the surrounding medium, which can improve the lifetime of devices. Herein, we review recent developments in the use of graphene for PSC applications as a conductive electrode,carrier transporting material, and stabilizer material. By exploring the application of graphene in PSCs, a new class of strategies can be developed to improve the device performance and stability before it can be commercialized in the photovoltaic market in the near future.展开更多
The leakage of organic phase change materials(OPCMs)at temperatures above their melting point severely limits their large-scale application.The introduction of porous supports has been identified as an efficient leaka...The leakage of organic phase change materials(OPCMs)at temperatures above their melting point severely limits their large-scale application.The introduction of porous supports has been identified as an efficient leakageproofing method.In this study,a novel carbonized Cu-coated melamine foam(MF)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)framework(MF/rGO/Cu-C)is constructed as a support for fabricating stabilized multifunctional OPCMs.MF serves as the supporting material,while rGO and Cu act as functional reinforcements.As a thermal energy storage material,polyethylene glycol(PEG)is encapsulated into MF/rGO/Cu-C through a vacuum-assisted impregnation method to obtain PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C composite with excellent comprehensive performance.PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C exhibits high phase change enthalpies of 148.3 J g^(-1)(melting)and 143.9 J g^(-1)(crystallization),corresponding to a high energy storage capability of 92.7%.Simultaneously,MF/rGO/Cu-C endues the composite with an enhanced thermal conductivity of 0.4621Wm^(-1) K^(-1),which increases by 463%compared to that of PEG@MF.Furthermore,PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C displays great light-to-thermal and electric-to-thermal conversion capabilities,thermal cycle stability,light-tothermal cycle stability,and shape stability,showing promising application prospects in different aspects.展开更多
Thermal cycling tests of repeated melting/freezing processes were performed to check the thermal stability of Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy as phase change thermal storage material(PCM). Latent heat storage capacity and ...Thermal cycling tests of repeated melting/freezing processes were performed to check the thermal stability of Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy as phase change thermal storage material(PCM). Latent heat storage capacity and phase transition temperature of the PCMs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) technique as a function of repeated thermal cycles such as 0, 100, 200, and 1000. The present work also comprised the investigation of the density and microstructure of Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy before and after thermal cycles by using the hydrostatic method and optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), respectively. The results show that the melting temperature of alloy after 1000 thermal cycles is 415.1 ℃ and the latent heat value is 190.4 J/g. Compared with the original alloy, the phase transition temperature will increase by 1.87% and the value of phase change latent heat will decrease by 7.35%, which are in a suitable range. Therefore, Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy has a good thermal reliability in terms of the change in its thermal properties with respect to thermal cycling for 1000, and can be used for a middle-temperature thermal storage utility.展开更多
The research used industrial by-products original phosphogypsum(PG)as the main raw material,slag(SG)and Portland cement(PC)as auxiliary materials,and the optimal additive amount was determined according to the compres...The research used industrial by-products original phosphogypsum(PG)as the main raw material,slag(SG)and Portland cement(PC)as auxiliary materials,and the optimal additive amount was determined according to the compressive strength value of the sample.Comprehensively evaluate the water resistance and volume stability of the samples,and determine the best formula for new roadbed stabilized materials.The results showed that when the weight ratio of PG,slag and cement was OPG:SG:PC=6:3:1,and mixed with 5%micro silica fume(MSF)and 3‰hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC),the sample’s comprehensive performance was the best,specifically,the sample’s compressive strength in 60 days reached 28.8 MPa,the softening coefficient reached 0.9,and the expansion rate was stable at about−0.2%.In addition,the mechanism of action of enhancers MSF and HPMC was analyzed according to use Vicat device,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope.The best formula SP3GH3 has the best curing effect on soil.The 28-day unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of the sample reached 2.4 MPa,the expansion rate was less than 0.09%,and the water stability coefficient was above 0.79,which was higher than that of the samples cured by traditional cement and lime during the same period.展开更多
Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materi...Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materials. In order for these materials to be cost effective,their life-cycle performance needs to be proven. Durability of BSMs is a long-term phenomena that requires consideration during mix design. Time is very important variable for performance consideration under field conditions. The factors that influence durability and long-term performance of BSMs include the mineral aggregates,binder and mixture compositions. In this study,the important,but less understood aspects of durability properties of BSMs were investigated. These include wear and tear of mineral aggregates,age-hardening of binder (foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion) and moisture susceptibility of typical mix composition. The wear and tear was investigated using Durability Mill Index (DMI) test,binder ageing was investigated for short and long-term effect,and moisture susceptibility was investigated by pulsing water pressures using new device i.e. moisture induction simulation test (MIST). The accelerated moisture conditioning simulates field conditions whereafter retained shear properties are evaluated. The results found that durability of mineral aggregates is significantly influences by the type and nature of mineral composition. The ageing of binder occurred in both short and long-term conditions,with short-term effects being dominating the foamed bitumen properties during laboratory production. Moisture susceptibility is significantly influenced by the mix compositions of aggregates blends with and without RAP,with different bitumen binder types (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion) and active filler type (cement or lime) and contents. The evaluation and ranking of mixes which are resistant and susceptible to moisture damage was done using retained cohesion (RC) after dry and wet monotonic triaxial testing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974225,51874229,51674188,51904224,51904225)the Shaanxi Innovative Talents Cultivate Program-New-star Plan of Science and Technology,China(No.2018KJXX-083)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2018JM 5161,2018JQ5183,2019JM-074)the Scientific Research Program funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.19JK0543)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,China(No.2018YQ2-01)。
文摘CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.
基金Project supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(No.107.02-2015.11)
文摘In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of stability of functionally graded ma- terial (FGM) sandwich doubly curved shallow shells is studied under thermo-mechanical loads with material properties obeying the general sigmoid law and power law of four ma- terial models. Shells are reinforced by the FGM stiffeners and rest on elastic foundations. Theoretical formulations are derived by the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) with the von Karman-type nonlinearity taking into account the initial geometrical im- perfection and smeared stiffener technique. The explicit expressions for determining the critical buckling load and the post-buckling mechanical and thermal load-deflection curves are obtained by the Galerkin method. Two iterative algorithms are presented. The effects of the stiffeners, the thermal element, the distribution law of material, the initial imper- fection, the foundation, and the geometrical parameters on buckling and post-buckling of shells are investigated.
文摘A model based on the Biot theory for simulating coupled hydro-dynamic behavior in saturated-unsaturated porous media was utilized with integration of the inertial coupling effect between the solid-fluid phases of the media into the model. Stationary instability and dispersivity of wave propagation in the media in one-dimensional problem were analyzed. The effects of the following factors on stationary, instability and dispersivity were discussed. They are the viscous and inertial couplings between the solid and the fluid phases, compressibility of the mixture composed of solid grains and pore fluid, the degree of saturation, visco-plastic (rate dependent inelastic) constitutive behavior of the solid skeleton under high strain rate. results and conclusion obtained by the present work will provide some bases or clues for overcoming the difficulties in numerical modelling of wave propagation in the media subjected to strong and shock loading.
文摘A new technique was introduced for sand stabilization and re-vegetation by use of lignin sand stabilizing material(LSSM). LSSM is a reconstructed organic compound with lignin as the most dominant component from the extracts of black-liquor issued by straw pulp paper mills. Unlike the polyvinyl acetate or foamed asphalt commonly used for dune stabilization, the new material is plant-friendly and can be used with virescence actions simultaneously. The field experimental study was conducted since 2001 in China's Northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and has been proved that LSSM is effective in stabilizing the fugitive dunes, making the arenaceous plants survive and the bare dune vegetative. The advisable solution concentration is 2% and the optimal field spraying quantity is 2 5 L/m^2 The soil nutrients of the stabilized and greened dune, such as organic matter, available phosphorous and total nitrogen are all increased compared with the control treatment, which is certainly helpful to the growth of arenaceous plants. The technique is worthwhile to be popularized because it is provided not only a new method for desertification control but also an outlet for cleaning contaminants issued from the straw paper mills.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2017/STG02/UKM/02/1)Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GUP-2015-019)
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have raised research interest in scientific community because their power conversion efficiency is comparable to that of traditional commercial solar cells(i.e., amorphous Si, GaAs,and CdTe). Apart from that, PSCs are lightweight, are flexible, and have low production costs. Recently, graphene has been used as a novel material for PSC applications due to its excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The hydrophobic nature of graphene surface can provide protection against air moisture from the surrounding medium, which can improve the lifetime of devices. Herein, we review recent developments in the use of graphene for PSC applications as a conductive electrode,carrier transporting material, and stabilizer material. By exploring the application of graphene in PSCs, a new class of strategies can be developed to improve the device performance and stability before it can be commercialized in the photovoltaic market in the near future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51861005,52071092,U20A20237Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2019GXNSFDA245023,2019GXNSFGA245005,2020GXNSFGA297004,2021GXNSFFA196002Guangxi Bagui Scholar Foundation。
文摘The leakage of organic phase change materials(OPCMs)at temperatures above their melting point severely limits their large-scale application.The introduction of porous supports has been identified as an efficient leakageproofing method.In this study,a novel carbonized Cu-coated melamine foam(MF)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)framework(MF/rGO/Cu-C)is constructed as a support for fabricating stabilized multifunctional OPCMs.MF serves as the supporting material,while rGO and Cu act as functional reinforcements.As a thermal energy storage material,polyethylene glycol(PEG)is encapsulated into MF/rGO/Cu-C through a vacuum-assisted impregnation method to obtain PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C composite with excellent comprehensive performance.PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C exhibits high phase change enthalpies of 148.3 J g^(-1)(melting)and 143.9 J g^(-1)(crystallization),corresponding to a high energy storage capability of 92.7%.Simultaneously,MF/rGO/Cu-C endues the composite with an enhanced thermal conductivity of 0.4621Wm^(-1) K^(-1),which increases by 463%compared to that of PEG@MF.Furthermore,PEG@MF/rGO/Cu-C displays great light-to-thermal and electric-to-thermal conversion capabilities,thermal cycle stability,light-tothermal cycle stability,and shape stability,showing promising application prospects in different aspects.
基金Funded by the National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2012BAA05B05)
文摘Thermal cycling tests of repeated melting/freezing processes were performed to check the thermal stability of Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy as phase change thermal storage material(PCM). Latent heat storage capacity and phase transition temperature of the PCMs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) technique as a function of repeated thermal cycles such as 0, 100, 200, and 1000. The present work also comprised the investigation of the density and microstructure of Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy before and after thermal cycles by using the hydrostatic method and optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), respectively. The results show that the melting temperature of alloy after 1000 thermal cycles is 415.1 ℃ and the latent heat value is 190.4 J/g. Compared with the original alloy, the phase transition temperature will increase by 1.87% and the value of phase change latent heat will decrease by 7.35%, which are in a suitable range. Therefore, Mg-25Al-15Zn-14 Cu alloy has a good thermal reliability in terms of the change in its thermal properties with respect to thermal cycling for 1000, and can be used for a middle-temperature thermal storage utility.
基金This work was supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department’s Social Development-Major Science and Technology Demonstration Project(Grant No.BE2018697)the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department Social Development Project(Grant No.BE2017704)the Scientific Research Project of the Suqian Municipal Transportation Bureau.
文摘The research used industrial by-products original phosphogypsum(PG)as the main raw material,slag(SG)and Portland cement(PC)as auxiliary materials,and the optimal additive amount was determined according to the compressive strength value of the sample.Comprehensively evaluate the water resistance and volume stability of the samples,and determine the best formula for new roadbed stabilized materials.The results showed that when the weight ratio of PG,slag and cement was OPG:SG:PC=6:3:1,and mixed with 5%micro silica fume(MSF)and 3‰hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC),the sample’s comprehensive performance was the best,specifically,the sample’s compressive strength in 60 days reached 28.8 MPa,the softening coefficient reached 0.9,and the expansion rate was stable at about−0.2%.In addition,the mechanism of action of enhancers MSF and HPMC was analyzed according to use Vicat device,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope.The best formula SP3GH3 has the best curing effect on soil.The 28-day unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of the sample reached 2.4 MPa,the expansion rate was less than 0.09%,and the water stability coefficient was above 0.79,which was higher than that of the samples cured by traditional cement and lime during the same period.
基金financial support from SABITA and GAUTRANS in South Africa.
文摘Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materials. In order for these materials to be cost effective,their life-cycle performance needs to be proven. Durability of BSMs is a long-term phenomena that requires consideration during mix design. Time is very important variable for performance consideration under field conditions. The factors that influence durability and long-term performance of BSMs include the mineral aggregates,binder and mixture compositions. In this study,the important,but less understood aspects of durability properties of BSMs were investigated. These include wear and tear of mineral aggregates,age-hardening of binder (foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion) and moisture susceptibility of typical mix composition. The wear and tear was investigated using Durability Mill Index (DMI) test,binder ageing was investigated for short and long-term effect,and moisture susceptibility was investigated by pulsing water pressures using new device i.e. moisture induction simulation test (MIST). The accelerated moisture conditioning simulates field conditions whereafter retained shear properties are evaluated. The results found that durability of mineral aggregates is significantly influences by the type and nature of mineral composition. The ageing of binder occurred in both short and long-term conditions,with short-term effects being dominating the foamed bitumen properties during laboratory production. Moisture susceptibility is significantly influenced by the mix compositions of aggregates blends with and without RAP,with different bitumen binder types (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion) and active filler type (cement or lime) and contents. The evaluation and ranking of mixes which are resistant and susceptible to moisture damage was done using retained cohesion (RC) after dry and wet monotonic triaxial testing.