Nitrogen forms and decomposition of organic carbon in the southern Bohai Sea core sediments

Study on form characteristics of nitrogen in marine sediments is the primary method to research its biogeochemical cycling and nitrogen form characteristics in core sediments can reflect the process and results of early diagenesis in a certain degree. In this paper, Sequential extraction process in natural grain size was used for studying the existent forms of nitrogen in five core sediments of the southern Bohai Sea for the first time. Nitrogen was divided into two parts - transferable and fixed based on whether it could be extracted by the reagent. Distributions and early diagenesis of transferable nitrogen forms in the southern Bohai Sea were researched integratedly. Results indicate that IEF - N and OSF-N are predominant forms in transferable part in the studied core sediments. Contents of different nitrogen forms vary differently with depth, and have different diagenesis process. Decomposition constant of organic nitrogen (ON) and OC are about 15.51 -× 10^(-3)a^(-3)and 4.79× 10^(-3)a^(-1) respectively, and the decomposition content of biogenic elements C, N, P, Si has the sequence N>P>CSi. OC/TN (simplified as C/N in the following) ratio is much lower than OC/ON, which indicates that sediment preserves plenty of inorganic nitrogen (IN) and/or fixed nitrogen, and the decrease of OC/ON ratio with depth is due to ON reservation in sediments. Generally, transferable nitrogen accounts for more proportion of TN in the surface layer than in the deep layer of core sediments, whereas, some stable forms of nitrogen can activate and become transferable under appropriate environment, which induces the proportion of transferable nitrogen in TN in the deep layer to be almost the same as that in the surface layer.

Soil Organic N Forms and N Supply as Affected by Fertilization Under Intensive Rice Cropping System

Changes of soil organic nitrogen forms and soil nitrogen supply under continuous rice cropping system were investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China. The fertilizer treatments included combination of P-K, N-K, N-P, and N-P-K as well as the control. After six years of continuous double-rice cropping, total soil N and hydrolysable N contents remained stable in plots with N treatments, while the hydrolysable N contents were substantially reduced in those plots without N application. Compared to the unbalanced fertilization treatments, P and K increased the percentage of hydrolysable ammonium N in the total soil N with the balanced application of N, and also maintained higher rice grain yields and nitrogen uptake. Grain yield was positively correlated with total N uptake (r = 0.875**), hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.560**) and the hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.417**). Total N uptake was positively correlated with hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.440**) and hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.431**). Soil nutrient depletion and/or unbalanced fertilization to rice crop reduced N content in soil microbial biomass, and therefore increased C/N ratio, suggesting a negative effect on the total microbial biomass in the soil.

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain

In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen （N） supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N （TN） and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.

Effects of different levels of compost application on amounts and distribution of organic nitrogen forms in soil particle size fractions subjected mainly to double cropping

Effects of different levels of compost application on the amounts and percentage distribution of organic N forms in whole soils and particle size fractions were investigated. Soil samples were collected from three plots: (a) F, only chemical fertilizers;(b) F+LC, chemical fertilizers plus low level of compost;(c) F+HC, chemical fertilizers plus high level of compost. Each soil sample was divided into five fractions: coarse sand-sized aggregate (CSA), medium sand-sized aggregate (MSA), fine sand-sized aggregate (FSA), silt-sized aggregate (SIA) and clay-sized aggregate (CLA) fractions. The sand fractions were subdivided into decayed plants (DP) and mineral particles (MP). The amounts of total N and different organic N forms in the whole soils as well as size fractions generally increased with increasing the amount of compost. In the whole soils, percentage distribution of non-hydrolysable-N and amino sugar-N increased by compost application while the distribution values of the hydrolysable ammonium- N and unidentified-N decreased. The application did not affect the distribution degree of amino acid-N. In the size fractions, the distribution values of most organic N forms increased in the CSA-DP, MSA-DP and FSA-DP fractions by compost application. In the CLA fractions, the amounts and percentage distribution of organic N forms were the highest, although the application caused decreases in their distribution values. These findings indicate that the CLA fraction merit close attention as an important reservoir of various organic N.

Study on the Agile Virtual Enterprise′s Organizing Form and Running Environment

In this paper, we begin with the swift changes in the knowledge economy time,analyze the implication of the agility, and consider the agile virtual enterprise as the mainorganizational form for the manufacturing enterprises to realize agility. We classify the agilevirtual enterprises into products alliance style and knowledge alliance style, and compares theirmain features and profit distribution models. As a result, we give four basic structures for thebuilding and running of the agile virtual enterprises.

The Logic Analysis of the External Institutional Financial Organizations of China

Starting from the initial conditions of China＇s financial reform, this article analyzes the reasons of the External Institutional Financial Organizations （the EIFOs） stepping into a tight comer. The financial marginal reform carded out by the authority has no endogenous solution under the initial conditions such as the dominance of state-owned finance, the lack of market basement for interest forming, of real finance price, administrative approval system, and of market basement for financial supervision.

The Effectiveness of Internal Communication in Media Organization

A well-organized system of internal communication is vital in any organization open to improvement and change, pursuing better management of its resources and caring forgood work atmosphere. Internal communication is primarily to provide efficient, mutual flow of information between employees and management staff at all levels in each area of the organization. In order to present internal communication tools and evaluate their effectiveness a survey study was conducted among the employees of the listed media company Cyfrowy Polsat, one of the two leading private TV groups in Poland. The study involved 136 employees （17% of total employment）. The majority of respondents were male （85%）. All the respondents were 23 to 47 years of age. Almost half were below 24 years of age and 38% represented the age group 25-34 years of age. The majority of respondents declared higher education with master degree and working time exceeding three years. The survey showed that the dominant form of communication is message distribution via electronic channels which confirmed the research assumption that there was a dehumanization of contacts and indirect communication dominated over direct contact. Limited direct contact was also recognized as the major cause of conflicts and disputes. The study was based on the analysis of literature and source materials （reports, statistics, newsletters, and legal acts）. Additionally, the paper provides the presentation of Cyfrowy Polsat＇s position in the Polish media market as well as the strategies and objectives of the company.

职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织研究

针对职业教育新形态教材研究与开发中存在的不足,提出了职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织逻辑的内在要求,通过对理论知识与操作技能概念、情境性学习理论、图式理论、技能学习相关理论、职业道德及职业精神培育相关理论的分析探讨,形成了指导新形态教材内容的设计与组织的创新性依据。据此,设计了新形态教材内容的设计与组织模型,并从纸质教材的理论知识设计与组织、技能知识设计与组织、思政育人设计与组织、教材开发系统和数字资源系统等方面进行了可行性论证。

紫云英长期还田对稻田土壤DOM和Cd形态影响研究

长期种植和翻压紫云英能够显著提高土壤中有机质(SOM)和水溶性有机物(DOM)的含量,影响土壤颗粒对重金属镉(Cd)的吸附行为和Cd在土壤中的形态,了解该条件下Cd在不同土层中的特征对紫云英的进一步推广种植具有重要意义。以余江区(YJ)、南昌县(NC)、丰城市(FC)3地长期种植和翻压紫云英处理(F+M)和化肥处理(F)的定位试验点为研究对象,测试了不同层次土壤中SOM、水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量、Cd总量和形态、DOM三维荧光,以期探明紫云英长期还田模式下不同土层中DOM成分的差异及其对Cd含量和形态影响。结果显示,NC和FC试验点F+M处理耕作层土壤(0-20 cm)中SOM的含量显著高于F处理,分别提高16.8%和10.5%。同一土层中土壤Cd活性呈现F+M处理>F处理的趋势。紫云英DOM主要在耕作层和中层(20-40cm)土壤中迁移,YJ、NC、FC试验点中,F+M处理耕作层土壤中DOC含量比F处理分别提高17.0%、58.1%和33.7%,中层土壤中DOC含量分别提高43.0%、36.7%和11.2%。种植和翻压紫云英降低了DOM中类蛋白质组分的占比,增加了类腐殖质组分的占比,耕作层、中层和深层土壤(40-60 cm)中,3个试验点F处理DOM中类蛋白质的平均占比分别为7.34%、16.7%、23.9%,占比分别是F+M处理的1.26、1.92和1.54倍。类蛋白质组分的深层迁移能力大于类腐殖质组分。逐步回归分析表明,有生物活性的Cd形态占比与土壤SOM、类色氨酸含量存在负相关关系,与类富里酸含量存在正相关关系,其系数分别为-2.170、-0.760和0.239。常年种植和翻压紫云英通过影响土壤SOM总量以及DOM组分对土壤Cd表现出一定的活化潜力。

国际大石油公司敏捷型组织变革及启示——以bp、埃克森美孚为例

敏捷型组织是企业组织由封闭向开放转变的一种高级形式,属于客户价值型、利益相关者价值型的组织形态,其特征包括构建分布式价值创造模式、建立赋能式团队、形成快速决策和学习的循环模式、激活员工和加速技术迭代。传统石油公司的组织管理模式已经不能适应复杂多变的环境、多元化业务协同发展、以客户需求为导向的价值创造模式的改变等,快速、敏捷和高效的组织形式变得至关重要。bp公司的“事业部+集成管理”模式和埃克森美孚“低结构性成本”模式是向敏捷组织转变的积极探索。中国石油企业传统的直线型、职能型管理模式已经不能适应新的发展要求,需要从管理理念到实践上对企业组织体系进行敏捷化变革,包括树立敏捷型的组织管理理念、加快组织机构敏捷化转变、加强敏捷性领导力培育。

新版、新形态、新亮点——《有机化学实验(第六版)》简介

新形态出版的大连理工大学《有机化学实验(第六版)》融合了纸质版教材和网上数字资源,整合了第五版书附教学光盘、网站资源及新建数字资源,优化为新版数字资源作为纸质版教材的支撑和拓展。第六版教材参考了国内外实验教学论文,编著了反应机理证明、可视化制备、黄鸣龙还原及烯烃交互置换专题下14个基本性实验;编著了天然肉桂醛提取及羟醛缩合、脯氨酸催化不对称合成和LED光催化发光体制备等3个综合性实验;编著了费舍尔酯化法合成工业香料羧酸酯的设计性实验与优化微波辅助威廉森法制备4-硝基苯乙醚反应条件的研究性实验。第六版教材搭建了个性化学习平台,有助于提升学生实验能力,培养学生严谨创新的学风。

推进监察执法与刑事司法有机衔接

监察执法与刑事司法有机衔接,作为党的二十届三中全会提出的部署要求,具有确保反腐败格局中职能责任的依法履行、确保反腐败法网密织及流程贯通、确保反腐败执法司法公平公正的时代价值。推进监察执法与刑事司法有机衔接,亟需从理论上回应“结构平衡说”“监察中心主义说”等学术争议。其一,构建以监察执法为主导的监察执法与刑事司法衔接结构形式。应当从反腐败格局中的职责定位来深刻把握腐败治理与社会治理在刑事诉讼领域的差异,深刻把握党的自我革命引领社会革命的政治逻辑。其二,明确监察执法与刑事司法衔接的主体责任。该主体责任是建立在监察机关履行反腐败法定职能基础之上的监察机关与审判、检察、公安及相关执法特定机构和人员所承担的法法衔接职责和义务。其三,完善监察执法与刑事司法衔接机制,主要包括监察机关在查办职务犯罪案件中与审判机关的协调配合机制,如证据审查认定、审判信息通报配合等,以及与检察机关的衔接机制,如重大疑难案件提前介入、案件移送等,其要旨是通过监察执法与刑事司法的配合制约,确保反腐败执法司法在法治轨道上运行。

组织化下沉:危机治理中干部下沉的多重形态与行动逻辑

危机治理往往面临组织外部环境突变、组织内部功能失灵等诸多极端状况,常态化的科层管理体系不得不进行调整和再优化,以适应高度变化的外部环境。干部下沉是应急状态下实现管理重心下移、强化属地管理的重要方式。从组织化程度和目标指向性来看,S市在危机治理中形成了就地就近式下沉、突击队式下沉、定向式下沉、包干式下沉等多重组织形态,借助身份嵌入、组织嵌入、激励嵌入和技术嵌入等多种方式,实现对下沉干部的嵌入式治理。这种非常规的科层管理流程再造可以迅速转化为引导资源定向下沉、组织高效动员、推动条块关系协同、构建危机治理共同体等积极的现实推动力。危机治理中的干部下沉本质上是一种党政统合式的科层组织动员,集中统一、重心下移、赋能基层、灵活高效是其组织运作的基本逻辑,依托党政双科层化的组织结构,政治机制的权威性与行政机制的灵活性实现了有效整合。

论加强新就业群体党组织覆盖的价值意蕴

当前,以外卖配送员、网约车司机、网络主播为主要代表的新就业群体日益壮大,成为社会发展的重要组成部分,如何实现新就业群体党组织覆盖,将这一群体组织起来,是当前党的建设面临的新课题。深刻认识新就业群体党组织覆盖的价值意蕴,应从因应经济社会发展新形势的主动选择、坚持和加强党的全面领导的必然要求、贯彻全面从严治党战略的内在需要、推进城市基层治理现代化的重要抓手等视角来把握。

不同有机腐熟物与荧光假单胞菌配施对复垦土壤氮素形态和酶活性的影响

[目的]本文旨在探究不同有机腐熟物与荧光假单胞菌配施在矿区复垦土壤的有效合理施用。[方法]以玉米作为供试作物,采用盆栽试验研究不同有机腐熟物(羊粪、牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪)与荧光假单胞菌配施对复垦土壤氮素形态和酶活性影响。[结果]有机腐熟物配施荧光假单胞菌可以在单施有机腐熟物的基础上有效提高复垦土壤各氮素、微生物量碳/氮含量和酶活性。以鸡粪配施荧光假单胞菌对各氮素、微生物量碳/氮含量以及4种土壤酶活性的提升效果最为显著,其与单施鸡粪处理相比,铵态氮含量显著提高13.12%,微生物量碳显著提高20.21%,蛋白酶活性显著提高16.11%。[结论]腐熟鸡粪与荧光假单胞菌配施效果最好,可作为复垦土壤中较为合理的施用方式。

基于自由曲面和L-system的红掌生长模型

针对红掌花卉生长可视化中参数难以确定的问题进行研究,提出推导控制点的方法,建立红掌器官模型:采用Bezier曲线结合扫描成型的方法来构造叶柄模型,采用双三次NURBS曲线对佛焰苞进行建模;运用红掌的相关表型数据拟合生长函数,提出基于红掌生长规律的微分L-system,可有效模拟红掌的拓扑结构和生长过程;通过虚拟器官表示红掌器官的几何属性,降低微分L-system的复杂度。试验验证提出的方法对红掌各项生长指标拟合度可达0.89以上,并可对每个生长阶段的红掌进行模拟,能有效地对红掌的生长过程进行建模。

不同植物中硒含量及存在形态的研究进展

硒是一种微量元素,主要以硒蛋白的形式在人体内发挥重要作用。自然界中的无机硒经过各种生物吸收转化为不同有机形态的硒化合物,从而在生物体内有不同的存在形态;通过综述近年来国内外的研究文献,介绍不同植物包括谷物类、蔬菜类、豆类、水果类、茶叶及其他植物中硒的含量及其存在形态,同时简要介绍了硒元素及不同植物硒形态的营养安全性,以期为今后有机硒的应用研究提供一些参考。

美国公立高校建设有组织科研机构的实践路径和启示——以美国加州大学系统为例

有组织科研机构是高校服务国家战略和前沿科技发展的重要形式。美国加州大学系统通过组建多种形式跨学科、跨校区、组织化的有组织科研机构,制定系统的组织管理制度,鼓励有组织科研机构联动多元主体推进项目实施,有效推动了美国科技的迅速发展。这种科研组织模式对我国深入推动有组织科研有以下三方面借鉴:厘清有组织科研机构的角色定位,强化主体协同共建;优化有组织科研机构治理机制,提升组织效能;完善对有组织科研机构的过程性评价制度,实现以评促建。

不同类型纳米生物炭特征及对土壤镉污染修复效果的影响

【目的】生物炭在重金属污染土壤上有一定修复效果,然而未改性生物炭的修复潜力往往较低,生物炭改性可有效提高生物炭表面官能团的种类和数量,增加与重金属相互作用的位点数量,进而提高重金属的修复效率。【方法】对木炭、竹炭、秸秆炭3种类型生物炭进行纳米改性并用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外进行表征,采用培养试验,设置不添加生物炭对照、3种不同类型生物炭处理、3种纳米改性生物炭处理共7个处理。【结果】(1)不同类型生物炭纳米改性后表现出孔隙增多、孔径增大、粒径减小,丰富了官能团结构,使含氧官能团强度增加;(2)纳米生物炭可以提高土壤pH、有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)含量,其中纳米竹炭相较于未改性竹炭处理SOC提高了20.77%,纳米秸秆炭对土壤DOC、LOC、POC提升效果最好,相较于未改性秸秆炭分别提高了17.05、10.88%、63.36%;添加生物炭也增加了土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性。(3)添加生物炭使土壤重金属镉有效性降低,改性后增强了对土壤有效态镉的转化,促使可交换态镉和可还原态镉向可氧化态镉和残渣态镉转化迁移,其有效性与土壤pH和有机碳相关。【结论】生物炭纳米改性后其含氧官能团增加,在提高土壤有机碳及降解重金属镉有效性上具有很大潜力,且不同类型纳米生物炭对土壤有机碳及镉形态的影响不同,纳米秸秆炭效果最佳。

再组织化:基层党组织应对社会形态变化的实践路径

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