The Relativistic Geometry of the Complex Matter Space

Duality behavior of photons in wave-particle property has posed challenges and opportunities to discover other frontiers of fundamental particles leading to the relativistic and quantum description of matter. The speed of particles faster than the speed of light could not be recognized, and matter was always described as a real number. A new fundamental view on matter as a complex value has been introduced by many authors who present a paradigm that is shifted from real or pure imaginary particles to Complex Matter Space. A new assumption will be imposed that matter has two intrinsic components: i) mass, and ii) charge. The mass will be measured by real number systems and charged by an imaginary unit. The relativistic concept of Complex Matter Space on energy and momentum is investigated and we can conclude that the new Complex Matter Space (CMS) theory will help get one step closer to a better understanding toward: 1) Un-Euclidean description of Minkowski Geometry in the context of the Complex Matter Space, 2) transformation from Euclidean to Minkowski space and its relativistic interpretation. Finally, geometrical foundations are essential to have a real picture of space, matter, and the universe.

Are James Webb Space Telescope Observations Consistent with Warm Dark Matter?

We compare observed with predicted distributions of galaxy stellar masses M* and galaxy rest-frame ultra-violet luminosities per unit bandwidth LUV, in the redshift range z=2 to 13. The comparison is presented as a function of the comoving warm dark matter free-streaming cut-off wavenumber kfs. For this comparison the theory is a minimal extension of the Press-Schechter formalism with only two parameters: the star formation efficiency, and a proportionality factor between the star formation rate per galaxy and LUV. These two parameters are fixed to their values obtained prior to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data. The purpose of this comparison is to identify if, and where, detailed astrophysical evolution is needed to account for the new JWST observations.

New Approach to Synchronize General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics with Constant “K”-Resulting Dark Matter as a New Fundamental Force Particle

Planck scale plays a vital role in describing fundamental forces. Space time describes strength of fundamental force. In this paper, Einstein’s general relativity equation has been described in terms of contraction and expansion forces of space time. According to this, the space time with Planck diameter is a flat space time. This is the only diameter of space time that can be used as signal transformation in special relativity. This space time diameter defines the fundamental force which belongs to that space time. In quantum mechanics, this space time diameter is only the quantum of space which belongs to that particular fundamental force. Einstein’s general relativity equation and Planck parameters of quantum mechanics have been written in terms of equations containing a constant “K”, thus found a new equation for transformation of general relativity space time in to quantum space time. In this process of synchronization, there is a possibility of a new fundamental force between electromagnetic and gravitational forces with Planck length as its space time diameter. It is proposed that dark matter is that fundamental force carrying particle. By grand unification equation with space-time diameter, we found a coupling constant as per standard model “αs” for that fundamental force is 1.08 × 10-23. Its energy calculated as 113 MeV. A group of experimental scientists reported the energy of dark matter particle as 17 MeV. Thorough review may advance science further.

Explanation of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Dark Space: Discovery of Invisible Universes

Theoretical and experimental studies of special processes in linear electric circuits have proved the principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers discovered 500 years ago. This principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers has allowed astrophysics to prove the existence of invisible parallel universes and explain the phenomena of dark matter, dark energy and dark space associated therewith. Physical entities corresponding to imaginary, complex and hypercomplex numbers in the other exact sciences together form an invisible and still unknown world that is to be learned by science of the future.

Physical Reality and Essence of Imaginary Numbers in Astrophysics: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Dark Space

Dark matter and dark energy phenomenon which has been totally incomprehensible until very recently is explained by existence, besides our Universe, other invisible parallel universes in the hidden Multiverse. Such explanation of dark matter and dark energy phenomenon in astrophysics has become possible only after proving of the principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers discovered in mathematics 500 years ago. And the principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers has made the postulate of light speed non-exceedance in the special theory of relativity unnecessary. Therefore,?all relativistic formulas in this theory should be adjusted. As follows from the adjusted relativistic formulas, we live in Multiverse rather than in Monoverse. All parallel universes of the Multiverse are mutually invisible, therefore Multiverse is called hidden. WMAP and Planck data analysis has showed that the hidden Multiverse has a quaternion structure and contains 20?-?22 parallel universes, of which 5?-?6 are adjacent to our universe, and others are further. And these parallel universes are linked by unidirectional and bidirectional portals. Some portals link the hidden Multiverse with other Multiverses, which form a dark space. The multiverses of dark space together with the hidden Multiverse form Hyperverse.

Accelerated Expansion of Space, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Big Bang Processes

The accelerated expansion of our universe results from properties of dark matter particles deduced from Space-Time Quantization. This theory accounts for all possible elementary particles by considering a quantum of length a in addition to c and h. It appears that dark matter particles allow for fusion and fission processes. The resulting equilibrium enables the cosmic dark matter gas to produce dark energy in an adaptive way. It keeps the combined matter-energy density at a constant level, even when space is expanding. This accounts for the cosmological constant Λand the accelerated expansion of space without requiring any negative pressure. The Big Bang is related to G, c, h and a. It started with a “primeval photon” and led to the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry as well as inflation.

The Space Structure, Force Fields, and Dark Matter

It is proposed that the digital space structure consists of attachment space (denoted as 1) for rest mass and detachment space (denoted as 0) for kinetic energy. Attachment space attaches to object permanently with zero speed, and detachment space detaches from the object at the speed of light. The combination of attachment space and detachment space brings about the three structures: binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space. Binary lattice space, (1 0)n, consists of repetitive units of alternative attachment space and detachment space. In miscible space, attachment space is miscible to detachment space without separation. Binary partition space, (1)n(0)n, consists of separated continuous phases of attachment space and detachment space. Binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space constitute quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the extreme force fields, respectively. Through the detachment space, a higher dimensional particle in attachment space is sliced into infinitely surrounding a lower dimensional core attachment space, resulting in a particle surrounding by gauge field in the form of binary lattice space. The 10d particle can be sliced into 9d, 8d, 7d, 6d, 5d, and 4d particles equally by mass, corresponding to baryonic particle as 4d and dark matter as other 5 particles, so the ratio between baryonic matter and dark matter is 1 to 5, in agreement with the observed ratio. At extreme conditions, such as extremely low temperature, the gauge force field in the form of binary lattice space is transformed into the extreme force field in the form of binary partition space to explain extreme phenomena, such as superconductivity.

Essence of Photons and Dark Matters

What exactly are photons and dark matter? Modern physical theories do not explain them very well. In this paper, by extending the law of electromagnetic oscillation, the space particles and their operation law can also be obtained. The system of space particle theory is formed under the law of physics. The conclusion of the theory of space particles is quite consistent with many physical phenomena. There are no contradictions that can be found. According to the theory of space particles, there is an uneven space at the edge of an object, which has been proved by a series of experimental phenomena. The theory of space particles has revealed the essence of photons and dark matter. It has also revealed the relationship between space, mass, and energy. Space is a physical phenomenon.

From Space-Time Quantization to Dark Matter

We generalize relativistic quantum mechanics and the Standard Model of elementary particle physics by considering a finite limit for the smallest measurable length. The resulting theory of Space-Time Quantization is logically consistent and accounts for all possible particle states by means of four new quantum numbers. They specify possible variations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space and time, while states of motion are defined by their large-scale variations. This theory also provides insight into the nature and properties of dark matter particles. It can facilitate their detection and identification because of a very strict conservation law.

A Model of the Universe that Can Explain Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fourth Space Dimension

This paper explains how a model of the universe can be constructed by incorporating time and space into geometry in a unique way to produce a 4-space dimension/1-time dimension model. The model can then show how dark matter can be the gravity that is produced by real matter that exists throughout our entire universe. The model can also show how dark energy is not an increase in energy that is causing the accelerated expansion of the universe, but is an accelerating decrease in matter throughout the universe as the stars and galaxies in the universe continue to convert matter into energy during their life cycles. And then the model can show how a fourth space dimension must exist in our universe to locate a point in space.

基于遥感影像的城市视角下建筑施工扬尘排放特征研究:以广州市为例

随着城市化进程的不断推进,由施工建设造成的扬尘逐渐成为城市空气污染的重要原因。以城市为研究对象整体描述污染排放情况,对全面评估施工扬尘的环境影响具有关键意义。因此,结合遥感影像解译和排放因子法,提出一种城市整体视角下的施工扬尘排放清单构建方法。在此基础上建立广州市2020年施工扬尘源颗粒物排放清单,并将研究区域使用2 km×2 km网格分布进行排放特征分析,研究结果为进行高空间分辨率的污染物扩散模拟和环境影响评估提供了重要数据基础,并为观察施工污染提供了宏观视角,政府可以此为参考从城市整体出发进行污染监测和治理。

Dark Matter: The Source of Space and Time

A simple assumption for dark matter leads to magnetic-monopole-like terms to Maxwell’s Equations, a photon model with wave-particle duality, nuclear stability, a decelerating expansion of the universe, and a dark-matter relativity that defines the origin of space and time.

Predicted Dark Matter Quantitation in Flat Space Cosmology

The purpose of this paper is to show how the dark matter predictions of FSC differ with respect to the standard cosmology assertion of a universal dark matter-to-visible matter ratio of approximately 5.3-to-1. FSC predicts the correct ratio to be approximately 9-to-1, based primarily on the universal observations of global spatial flatness in the context of general relativity. The FSC Friedmann equations incorporating a Lambda?Λ?cosmological term clearly indicate that a spatially flat universe must have equality of the positive curvature (matter mass-energy) and negative curvature (dark energy) density components. Thus, FSC predicts that observations of the Milky Way and the nearly co-moving galaxies within 100 million light years will prove the 5.3-to-1 ratio to be incorrect. The most recent galactic and perigalactic observations indicate a range of dark matter-to-visible matter ratios varying from essentially zero (NGC 1052-DF2) to approximately 23-to-1 (Milky Way). The latter ratio is simply astonishing and promises an exciting next few years for astrophysicists and cosmologists. Within the next few years, the mining of huge data bases (especially the Gaia catalogue and Hubble data) will resolve whether standard cosmology will need to change its current claims for the cosmic energy density partition to be more in line with FSC, or whether FSC is falsified. A prediction is that standard cosmology must eventually realize the necessity of resolving the tension between their flatness observations and their assertion of dark energy dominance. The author makes the further prediction that FSC will soon become the new paradigm in cosmology.

黄土高原北部典型县域耕地土壤碳氮时空变异特征及影响因素

黄土高原生态环境脆弱,耕地质量的变化直接影响土地生产力的高低。选取其北部典型县域——天镇县,研究长时期耕地土壤有机质和全氮的时空演变规律及其影响因素,为黄土高原耕地质量提升和农业生态环境保护提供理论依据。基于1983年、2008年和2019年耕地质量数据,运用地统计学等方法分析天镇县有机质和全氮的时空演变特征。结果发现:(1)36年(1983—2019年)来,天镇县土壤有机质和全氮含量呈现整体上升、后期快速增加的变化特征。有机质和全氮含量的年均增加量前期(1983—2008年)较低,分别为0.20 g·kg^(–1)和0.01 g·kg^(–1),在后期(2008—2019年)较高,分别为0.29 g·kg^(–1)和0.03 g·kg^(–1)。碳氮比呈现前期无显著变化,后期显著降低。(2)36年来土壤有机质和全氮的块基比均提升至高于25%,表明地形等自然因素影响逐渐减弱,施肥等人为因素影响增强。(3)土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布特征相似,呈现西部低、东部高的格局,西北部和中部的变化速度快。综上,36年(1983—2019年)来,施肥及秸秆还田等因素是导致天镇县有机质和全氮含量变化的主要因素,因此,结合当地条件增施有机肥、推广秸秆还田并合理施用氮肥能快速提升耕地土壤肥力。

种植密度和行距对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】研究不同种植密度和行距对膜下滴灌红花生长发育和产量的影响,为构建红花高光效种植模式提供参考。【方法】2020~2021年在新疆塔城地区裕民县设置田间试验,采用两因素随机区组设计,种植密度设4个处理:1.0×10^(4)株/667m^(2)(A_(1))、1.5×10^(4)株/667m^(2)(A_(2))、2.0×10^(4)株/667m^(2)(A_(3))和2.5×10^(4)株/667m^(2)(A_(4)),行距设2个处理:20 cm(B_(1))和30 cm(B_(2)),分析不同种植密度和行距对膜下滴灌红花农艺性状、干物质积累和产量的影响。【结果】在一定种植密度范围内,红花株高、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量、产量等指标均随种植密度的增加而逐渐增加,单株果球数、每果粒数和千粒重则随着种植密度的增加而降低,而不同行距则对红花的各指标影响较小。A_(3) B_(1)和A_(3) B_(2)处理下红花的综合指标和产量均显著优于其他处理,A_(3)处理下花丝产量分别比A_(1)、A_(2)和A_(4)处理增加了15.73%、11.23%和7.97%,籽粒产量分别比A_(1)、A_(2)和A_(4)处理增加了18.75%、11.96%和14.50%。【结论】种植密度(2.0×10^(4)株/667m^(2)(A_(3)),20 cm(B_(1))或30 cm(B_(2)),等行距)为红花高产高效的栽培模式,能协调红花生长,显著提高红花花丝和籽粒产量。

北方城市绿地对大气颗粒物浓度的削减作用对比研究

尽管城市绿地能够改善空气质量,但由于实践中缺乏统一的绿地分类系统,很难从优化绿地植被结构的角度出发调节城市空气质量。因此,为了探究北方城市不同绿地削减大气颗粒物浓度效果的差异,构建了一套融入植被结构因子和物种组成的绿地分类系统,基于该分类系统,在北京、西安、宝鸡选取了5类共同常见的植被结构绿地类型,通过卫星图像判读与实地监测相结合的方式,探究了不同本底环境、植被结构、植物多样性、气象因子和时间因子对大气颗粒物浓度(PM_(2.5)与PM_(10))的影响。结果表明:(1)城市绿地率对大气颗粒物浓度造成显著影响,绿地率越高的本底环境内颗粒物浓度越低,即多绿本底<灰绿参半本底<灰色本底;(2)植被结构和植物多样性水平显著影响绿地的滞尘能力,北方城市中半开敞绿地的滞尘能力最好,其次为半闭合绿地与闭合绿地,开敞绿地滞尘能力最弱,植物多样性的增加将导致绿地内颗粒物浓度增加;(3)不同植被结构绿地内的大气颗粒物浓度受气象因素的显著影响,随温度和风速的增大而减小,随湿度的增大而增大;(4)北方城市绿地大气颗粒物浓度存在明显的季节和日变化规律,一年内大气颗粒物浓度在夏季最低,冬季最高;一天之内颗粒物浓度在8:00—10:00最低。上述研究结果以期为今后不同本底环境下以削减大气颗粒物浓度为导向的北方城市绿地规划与设计提供理论依据和实践方法。

脑小血管病影像学标志物与认知功能障碍相关性研究进展

脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死的分布位置、严重程度对各认知域产生不同影响,CSVD导致的认知功能障碍可能与炎症因子间接影响和脑组织纤维束破坏等机制相关。但CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能的关系及其相关机制还需要更进一步研究加以验证。

论肖江虹小说的“和解”思想

肖江虹以其独特的底层叙事与民俗书写闻名学界,但纵观其小说创作,于文学层面上还彰显出更为深邃的哲学思考。在时间维度上,肖江虹打破了时间的线性关系,用轮回性命运与相似性事件展现出人与社会在时代变迁中的循环往复。在空间维度上,文本熔铸了想象与现实,展现了诗性的乌托邦空间愿景与异托邦现实空间的对立与交融,构筑出一幅系统性和整体性的地域图景。在物质维度上,小说中具有主、客二重性的“物像”,既隐喻人的精神世界,又表征社会秩序,呈现出二者圆融交错、和谐共生的美学旨归。肖江虹构建的小说宇宙图谱消解了线性的时间、分裂的空间及对立的主客体,彰显出和解式的哲学思考。

脑小血管病总负荷与急性缺血性脑卒中的相关研究进展

急性缺血性卒中是病死率、致残率较高的疾病之一,而静脉溶栓及血管内治疗是目前临床治疗该病的有效方法。脑小血管病的概念被提出后经过一系列研究发现,其与急性缺血性脑卒中治疗预后具有显著的相关性。特别是脑小血管病总负荷评分能够更好评估脑小血管病对大脑整体功能的影响情况,国内外已对其在急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓及血管内治疗预后方面进行着各种层面的相关研究,旨在对急性缺血性卒中患者病情进展进行预判并提前干预,以降低患者致残率和病死率。本文着重对脑小血管病总负荷与急性缺血性脑卒中治疗预后的相关研究进行综述。

A Dark Energy Hypothesis II

The article develops a cosmological model based on a hypothesis that dark energy is a cosmological variable rather than a constant. A companion paper (DEH I) derives a formula for this variable cosmological parameter as well as an argument that the early universe produces it and dark matter. The developed model leads to a series of self-consistent results including a prediction that provides a test for it. The results include comparisons of the DEH and the ΛCDM theory.