China’s booming economy and the growing demand of urban middle class are creating a favorable situation for the development of domestic cultural and creative industry.The consumption pattern has changed and families ...China’s booming economy and the growing demand of urban middle class are creating a favorable situation for the development of domestic cultural and creative industry.The consumption pattern has changed and families spend more outlay on cultural products and services.Within this flourishing industry,many museums caught development opportunities and began to get profit through successfully promoting their own cultural and creative products.However,it is unusual that Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,enjoying high social status and a reputation for world cultural heritage as well as a national 5A level tourist attraction,regretfully,did not achieve noticeable achievements in this area.Therefore,based on STP theory,the purpose of this paper is to study the reasons why this museum fails to fulfill its potential in promising cultural and creative industry and give some suggestions to the development and promotion of its cultural and creative goods.展开更多
IN the Qthe field to the south-east of Naning there Squat several stone aniInals. These sfoneanimals of the Southern Dynasty(420-557 A.D.) tombs are treasurs ofart emforying the cfor Of Naningcapital of sin dynastieS.
THE MAUSOLEUM is in a lovely spot,shaded by an-cient trees and surrounded by structures with charming names:Yongfeng(Celebrating Harvest)Pav-ilion,Weicao(Fragrant Herbs)Pav-ilion,Chongde(Admiring Virtue)Arch,Luyuan(De...THE MAUSOLEUM is in a lovely spot,shaded by an-cient trees and surrounded by structures with charming names:Yongfeng(Celebrating Harvest)Pav-ilion,Weicao(Fragrant Herbs)Pav-ilion,Chongde(Admiring Virtue)Arch,Luyuan(Deer Plain)Cave,Xiyao(Washing Medicinal Herbs)Pool and Longnao(Dragon Brain)Stone.展开更多
The final resting place of China's legendary ancestor sits in a forest on top of Mount Qiao,an imposing place for hundreds of thousands to come to every year and reflet om what it means to be Chine....
The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found ...The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found that the armor strips were made of pure copper.Based on the morphology of α-Cu recrystal grain and copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the armor strips,the manufacturing techniques were proposed as follows:smelting pure copper,casting a lamellar plate,forming the cast ingots into sheets through repeated cold forging combined with annealing heat treatment,and finally cutting the sheets into filaments.Furthermore,through the deformation of copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the strips,the work rate during forging was evaluated and calculated to be close to 75%.展开更多
This article details the origin and development of one of the core groups of the Central Asian (Kazakhstani) medieval architecture - i.e. domed mausoleums;also it identifies the original traits of the medieval Kazakhs...This article details the origin and development of one of the core groups of the Central Asian (Kazakhstani) medieval architecture - i.e. domed mausoleums;also it identifies the original traits of the medieval Kazakhstani mausoleums and their major locations centres. As determined by the authors so called "dual code' was used as per building of medieval Central Asian mausoleums one of which corresponded to the generalized image of domed tomb as per the new ideology (Islam), and the second one matched the existing local forms and their decorative elements. Subsequently following several major compositional types of the Central Asian (Kazakhstan) mausoleums were formed and later on became standard i. e.- central, frontai, portal-domed ones. They served as the foundation for numerous architectural 'schools' in Kazakhstan which developed further specific building structures, their details,elements proportions,facades divisions, decor, etc. In accorda nee with this, the gen esis and main ways of forming the mausoleums on the territory of Kazakhstan was as follows - from singlechamber (central mausoleums,"facade" and portal ones) compositions up to multi-chamber ones, Also compositional features & specifics of the monuments of the main regional centres were revealed in the article.展开更多
In order to search for sources of the raw material of the Qin’s terracotta warriors and horses, we selected 20 samples of pottery warriors and pottery horses of the Qin’s Mausoleum from pit No. 1,19 samples of potte...In order to search for sources of the raw material of the Qin’s terracotta warriors and horses, we selected 20 samples of pottery warriors and pottery horses of the Qin’s Mausoleum from pit No. 1,19 samples of pottery warriors and brick from pit No. 2, 20 samples of clays near the Qin’s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The 32 kinds of element content of each sample were measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA). These data were analyzed by fuzzy cluster analysis, the trend cluster analysis diagram was obtained. The results showed that samples of terracotta warriors and horses from pits No.1 and No. 2 were closely related to the loam layer near Qin’s Mausoleum, but their relations with the loess layers were not so close, and they were out of all relation to Yaozhou porcelain bodies. Thus, it could be deduced that the Li Mountain clay may be considered as the original place of the raw materials of the terracotta warriors and horses, the kiln sites might be located nearby the Qin’s展开更多
Mamluk sultans were known for their patronage of the arts and architecture. Their educational institutions were among the wide array of architectural projects that linked them as ruling elites to the religious scholar...Mamluk sultans were known for their patronage of the arts and architecture. Their educational institutions were among the wide array of architectural projects that linked them as ruling elites to the religious scholars of their times. Their tombs were placed in a mausoleum attached to their educational-religious complexes to attest to their legacy. The evolution of their buildings such that both educational and memorial functions are integrated with the dense surroundings is scrutinized through chronological-spatial analysis. The configuration of the built form, the disposition of its boundaries, its patterns of accessibility, and its visual properties are the features that present the buildings to one＇s experience and bring certain perceptions into play. In this study, various spatial descriptor tools of space syntax are employed to analyze the data of 14 Mamluk examples （1260-1517A.D.） and capture the differences in the experience where the expression is preserved. Analyses of the configurational characteristics, axial attributes, visibility structures, and isovists highlight how the spatial and formal properties of the layouts were used to express certain representational relationships. The advantages of combining different spatial investigations allows for understanding historical design principles and how the geometry of forms could hide in its abstract rules, conceptual and perceptual qualities.展开更多
基金This paper is funded by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for college students in Guangdong Province(No.2019126220004).
文摘China’s booming economy and the growing demand of urban middle class are creating a favorable situation for the development of domestic cultural and creative industry.The consumption pattern has changed and families spend more outlay on cultural products and services.Within this flourishing industry,many museums caught development opportunities and began to get profit through successfully promoting their own cultural and creative products.However,it is unusual that Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,enjoying high social status and a reputation for world cultural heritage as well as a national 5A level tourist attraction,regretfully,did not achieve noticeable achievements in this area.Therefore,based on STP theory,the purpose of this paper is to study the reasons why this museum fails to fulfill its potential in promising cultural and creative industry and give some suggestions to the development and promotion of its cultural and creative goods.
文摘IN the Qthe field to the south-east of Naning there Squat several stone aniInals. These sfoneanimals of the Southern Dynasty(420-557 A.D.) tombs are treasurs ofart emforying the cfor Of Naningcapital of sin dynastieS.
文摘THE MAUSOLEUM is in a lovely spot,shaded by an-cient trees and surrounded by structures with charming names:Yongfeng(Celebrating Harvest)Pav-ilion,Weicao(Fragrant Herbs)Pav-ilion,Chongde(Admiring Virtue)Arch,Luyuan(Deer Plain)Cave,Xiyao(Washing Medicinal Herbs)Pool and Longnao(Dragon Brain)Stone.
文摘The final resting place of China's legendary ancestor sits in a forest on top of Mount Qiao,an imposing place for hundreds of thousands to come to every year and reflet om what it means to be Chine....
文摘The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found that the armor strips were made of pure copper.Based on the morphology of α-Cu recrystal grain and copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the armor strips,the manufacturing techniques were proposed as follows:smelting pure copper,casting a lamellar plate,forming the cast ingots into sheets through repeated cold forging combined with annealing heat treatment,and finally cutting the sheets into filaments.Furthermore,through the deformation of copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the strips,the work rate during forging was evaluated and calculated to be close to 75%.
文摘This article details the origin and development of one of the core groups of the Central Asian (Kazakhstani) medieval architecture - i.e. domed mausoleums;also it identifies the original traits of the medieval Kazakhstani mausoleums and their major locations centres. As determined by the authors so called "dual code' was used as per building of medieval Central Asian mausoleums one of which corresponded to the generalized image of domed tomb as per the new ideology (Islam), and the second one matched the existing local forms and their decorative elements. Subsequently following several major compositional types of the Central Asian (Kazakhstan) mausoleums were formed and later on became standard i. e.- central, frontai, portal-domed ones. They served as the foundation for numerous architectural 'schools' in Kazakhstan which developed further specific building structures, their details,elements proportions,facades divisions, decor, etc. In accorda nee with this, the gen esis and main ways of forming the mausoleums on the territory of Kazakhstan was as follows - from singlechamber (central mausoleums,"facade" and portal ones) compositions up to multi-chamber ones, Also compositional features & specifics of the monuments of the main regional centres were revealed in the article.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 59872032 and 10175053) the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 004051500) the Youth Foundation of Zhengzhou University and Open Lab of Nuclear
文摘In order to search for sources of the raw material of the Qin’s terracotta warriors and horses, we selected 20 samples of pottery warriors and pottery horses of the Qin’s Mausoleum from pit No. 1,19 samples of pottery warriors and brick from pit No. 2, 20 samples of clays near the Qin’s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The 32 kinds of element content of each sample were measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA). These data were analyzed by fuzzy cluster analysis, the trend cluster analysis diagram was obtained. The results showed that samples of terracotta warriors and horses from pits No.1 and No. 2 were closely related to the loam layer near Qin’s Mausoleum, but their relations with the loess layers were not so close, and they were out of all relation to Yaozhou porcelain bodies. Thus, it could be deduced that the Li Mountain clay may be considered as the original place of the raw materials of the terracotta warriors and horses, the kiln sites might be located nearby the Qin’s
文摘Mamluk sultans were known for their patronage of the arts and architecture. Their educational institutions were among the wide array of architectural projects that linked them as ruling elites to the religious scholars of their times. Their tombs were placed in a mausoleum attached to their educational-religious complexes to attest to their legacy. The evolution of their buildings such that both educational and memorial functions are integrated with the dense surroundings is scrutinized through chronological-spatial analysis. The configuration of the built form, the disposition of its boundaries, its patterns of accessibility, and its visual properties are the features that present the buildings to one＇s experience and bring certain perceptions into play. In this study, various spatial descriptor tools of space syntax are employed to analyze the data of 14 Mamluk examples （1260-1517A.D.） and capture the differences in the experience where the expression is preserved. Analyses of the configurational characteristics, axial attributes, visibility structures, and isovists highlight how the spatial and formal properties of the layouts were used to express certain representational relationships. The advantages of combining different spatial investigations allows for understanding historical design principles and how the geometry of forms could hide in its abstract rules, conceptual and perceptual qualities.
