The alveolar antral artery resides lateral to the maxillary sinus and can lead to complications in sinus lift surgery. Traditional approaches that decrease intraoperative bleeding into the surgical field include vesse...The alveolar antral artery resides lateral to the maxillary sinus and can lead to complications in sinus lift surgery. Traditional approaches that decrease intraoperative bleeding into the surgical field include vessel preservation using multiple bony windows or neutralizing the vessel at the surgical site. Unfortunately, these methods are technique sensitive, time intensive, and may lead to hemosinus and graft loss. The variable distance from the crest of the alveolar ridge and vessel diameter further complicates pre-operative planning. This paper discusses the anatomical features of the alveolar antral artery, techniques for clinical assessment, and current management strategies. We then describe a novel protocol to manage the alveolar antral artery in sinus lift procedures via tamponade of the vessel at a proximal site. This method is faster than those described in the literature, does not require any additional equipment or expertise, and aims to improve long-term graft predictability by decreasing the risk of sinus membrane perforation. The alveolar antral artery is an under-reported source of surgical complications and warrants further research.展开更多
目的·通过锥形术计算机断层扫描(cone-beam CT,CBCT)测量分析上颌窦动脉解剖结构。方法·对1021例因牙列缺损或缺失至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行种植手术患者的双侧上颌窦中的上颌窦动脉(maxillary sinus artery,MSA)...目的·通过锥形术计算机断层扫描(cone-beam CT,CBCT)测量分析上颌窦动脉解剖结构。方法·对1021例因牙列缺损或缺失至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行种植手术患者的双侧上颌窦中的上颌窦动脉(maxillary sinus artery,MSA)进行观测。在CBCT骨窗视图,测量第二前磨牙(P2)、第一磨牙(M1)、第二磨牙(M2)牙位中线处MSA骨孔与骨壁间的位置关系,并将其走形类型分为窦内型(位于上颌窦黏膜下方)、骨内型(完全位于上颌窦侧壁内)、表浅型(位于上颌窦外侧壁骨膜下方)3类;测量MSA骨孔直径(diameter of the MSA,DMSA)、MSA骨孔下缘至上颌窦底距离(distance between the lower margin of the vessel and the sinus floor,DVSF);测量M1牙位中线处上颌窦底上方5 mm处的上颌窦侧壁厚度及上颌窦宽度;测量上颌窦底上方10 mm处上颌窦内外侧壁与上颌窦底最低点形成的角度,即上颌窦角度。对不同性别、不同年龄患者的MSA走形位置变异、走形类型、DMSA和DVSF的差异进行统计分析。同时分别对MSA的DMSA及DVSF与上颌窦侧壁厚度、上颌窦宽度、上颌窦角度之间的相关性进行统计分析。结果·①MSA走形位置变异:在1021例患者中,共42例(4.1%)患者的MSA走形于上颌窦侧壁、紧贴上颌窦底部,其中14例(33.3%)为双侧MSA,28例(66.7%)为单侧MSA;7例(0.7%)患者的MSA走形于上颌窦底根方牙槽骨内,其中1例(14.3%)为双侧MSA,6例(85.7%)为单侧MSA。②MSA走形类型:窦内型占36.5%,骨内型占60.4%,表浅型占3.1%。中年患者中骨内型检出率(63.0%)高于青年和老年患者(P=0.005)。③DMSA:M1牙位的DMSA最大,为(1.42±0.44)mm。男性在P2、M1、M2牙位的DMSA均大于女性。在P2、M1牙位均发现上颌窦侧壁厚度与DMSA呈弱正相关(r=0.2,r=0.2)。在M1牙位发现上颌窦宽度、上颌窦角度均与DMSA呈弱负相关(r=-0.1,r=-0.2)。④DVSF:自M2至P2方向,DVSF逐渐降低。男性在P2、M2牙位的DVSF均大于女性。在M1牙位发现上颌窦侧壁厚度、上颌窦宽度均与DVSF呈弱负相关(r=-0.3,r=-0.1)。结论·MSA走形位置变异可发生于上颌窦底及上颌窦底根方的牙槽骨中。随着患者年龄增大,MSA走形类型由窦内型向骨内型转变。男性患者的DMSA较女性更大,动脉出血风险更大;在较厚的上颌窦侧壁中能观测到较大的DMSA,而当上颌窦宽度和角度越大时,DMSA越小。男性患者的DVSF较女性更大,当上颌窦侧壁越厚或当上颌窦宽度越大时,DVSF越小。展开更多
文摘The alveolar antral artery resides lateral to the maxillary sinus and can lead to complications in sinus lift surgery. Traditional approaches that decrease intraoperative bleeding into the surgical field include vessel preservation using multiple bony windows or neutralizing the vessel at the surgical site. Unfortunately, these methods are technique sensitive, time intensive, and may lead to hemosinus and graft loss. The variable distance from the crest of the alveolar ridge and vessel diameter further complicates pre-operative planning. This paper discusses the anatomical features of the alveolar antral artery, techniques for clinical assessment, and current management strategies. We then describe a novel protocol to manage the alveolar antral artery in sinus lift procedures via tamponade of the vessel at a proximal site. This method is faster than those described in the literature, does not require any additional equipment or expertise, and aims to improve long-term graft predictability by decreasing the risk of sinus membrane perforation. The alveolar antral artery is an under-reported source of surgical complications and warrants further research.
文摘目的·通过锥形术计算机断层扫描(cone-beam CT,CBCT)测量分析上颌窦动脉解剖结构。方法·对1021例因牙列缺损或缺失至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行种植手术患者的双侧上颌窦中的上颌窦动脉(maxillary sinus artery,MSA)进行观测。在CBCT骨窗视图,测量第二前磨牙(P2)、第一磨牙(M1)、第二磨牙(M2)牙位中线处MSA骨孔与骨壁间的位置关系,并将其走形类型分为窦内型(位于上颌窦黏膜下方)、骨内型(完全位于上颌窦侧壁内)、表浅型(位于上颌窦外侧壁骨膜下方)3类;测量MSA骨孔直径(diameter of the MSA,DMSA)、MSA骨孔下缘至上颌窦底距离(distance between the lower margin of the vessel and the sinus floor,DVSF);测量M1牙位中线处上颌窦底上方5 mm处的上颌窦侧壁厚度及上颌窦宽度;测量上颌窦底上方10 mm处上颌窦内外侧壁与上颌窦底最低点形成的角度,即上颌窦角度。对不同性别、不同年龄患者的MSA走形位置变异、走形类型、DMSA和DVSF的差异进行统计分析。同时分别对MSA的DMSA及DVSF与上颌窦侧壁厚度、上颌窦宽度、上颌窦角度之间的相关性进行统计分析。结果·①MSA走形位置变异:在1021例患者中,共42例(4.1%)患者的MSA走形于上颌窦侧壁、紧贴上颌窦底部,其中14例(33.3%)为双侧MSA,28例(66.7%)为单侧MSA;7例(0.7%)患者的MSA走形于上颌窦底根方牙槽骨内,其中1例(14.3%)为双侧MSA,6例(85.7%)为单侧MSA。②MSA走形类型:窦内型占36.5%,骨内型占60.4%,表浅型占3.1%。中年患者中骨内型检出率(63.0%)高于青年和老年患者(P=0.005)。③DMSA:M1牙位的DMSA最大,为(1.42±0.44)mm。男性在P2、M1、M2牙位的DMSA均大于女性。在P2、M1牙位均发现上颌窦侧壁厚度与DMSA呈弱正相关(r=0.2,r=0.2)。在M1牙位发现上颌窦宽度、上颌窦角度均与DMSA呈弱负相关(r=-0.1,r=-0.2)。④DVSF:自M2至P2方向,DVSF逐渐降低。男性在P2、M2牙位的DVSF均大于女性。在M1牙位发现上颌窦侧壁厚度、上颌窦宽度均与DVSF呈弱负相关(r=-0.3,r=-0.1)。结论·MSA走形位置变异可发生于上颌窦底及上颌窦底根方的牙槽骨中。随着患者年龄增大,MSA走形类型由窦内型向骨内型转变。男性患者的DMSA较女性更大,动脉出血风险更大;在较厚的上颌窦侧壁中能观测到较大的DMSA,而当上颌窦宽度和角度越大时,DMSA越小。男性患者的DVSF较女性更大,当上颌窦侧壁越厚或当上颌窦宽度越大时,DVSF越小。
