The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theore...The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theoretical results on this function, and then its application in classification using a computer program we have developed. This approach leads to clear decisions, even in cases where the extension to several classes of Fisher’s linear discriminant function fails to be effective.展开更多
Based on the maximum entropy principle a new probability density function （PDF） f（x） for the surface elevation of nonlinear sea waves, X, is derived through performing a coordinate transform of X and solving a var...Based on the maximum entropy principle a new probability density function （PDF） f（x） for the surface elevation of nonlinear sea waves, X, is derived through performing a coordinate transform of X and solving a variation problem subject to three constraint conditions of f（ x ）. Compared with the maximum entropy PDFs presented previously, the new PDF has the following merits： （1） it has four parameters to be determined and hence can give more refined fit to observed data and has wider suitability for nonlinear waves in different conditions; （2） these parameters are expressed in terms of distribution moments of X in a relatively simple form and hence are easy to be determined from observed data; （3） the PDF is free of the restriction of weak nonlinearity and possible to be used for sea waves in complicated conditions, such as those in shallow waters with complicated topography; and （4） the PDF is simple in form and hence convenient for theoretical and practical uses. l.aboratory wind-wave experiments have been conducted to test the competence of the new PDF for the surface elevation of nonlinear waves. The experimental results manifest that the new PDF gives somewhat better fit to the laboratory wind-wave data than the well-known Gram-Charlier PDF and beta PDF.展开更多
Maximum entropy deconvolution is presented to estimate receiver function, with the maximum entropy as the rule to determine auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. The Toeplitz equation and Levinson algorith...Maximum entropy deconvolution is presented to estimate receiver function, with the maximum entropy as the rule to determine auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. The Toeplitz equation and Levinson algorithm are used to calculate the iterative formula of error-predicting filter, and receiver function is then estimated. During extrapolation, reflective coefficient is always less than 1, which keeps maximum entropy deconvolution stable. The maximum entropy of the data outside window increases the resolution of receiver function. Both synthetic and real seismograms show that maximum entropy deconvolution is an effective method to measure receiver function in time-domain.展开更多
This paper describes and explores a maximum-entropy approach to continuous minimax problem, which is applicable in many fields, such as transportation planning and game theory. It illustrates that the maximum entropy ...This paper describes and explores a maximum-entropy approach to continuous minimax problem, which is applicable in many fields, such as transportation planning and game theory. It illustrates that the maximum entropy approcach has easy framework and proves that every accumulation of {x_k} generated by maximum-entropy programming is -optimal solution of initial continuous minimax problem. The paper also explains BFGS or TR method for it. Two numerical exam.ples for continuous minimax problem are展开更多
AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD ...AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD patients and controls in a Mexican population. METHODS: Twenty FD-Rome Ⅱ patients were matched by age and gender with 20 healthy controls. All underwent both drinking tests at a 15 mL/min rate, randomly, 7 d apart. Every 5 min within each test, four symptoms were evaluated (satiety, bloating, nausea and pain) by Likert scales. Maximum tolerated volume (MTV) was defined as the ingested volume when a score of 5 was reached for any symptom or when the test had to be stopped because the patients could not tolerate more volume. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: FD patients had higher symptom scores for both tests compared to controls (water: t= 4.1, P= 0.001 ＜0.01; Nutren(R): t= 5.2, P= 0.001＜0.01). The MTV forwater and Nutren(R) were significantly lower in FD (water: 1014±288 vs 1749±275 mL; t = 7.9, P = 0.001＜0.01;Nutren(R): 652±168 vs 1278±286 mL; t= 6.7, P = 0.001＜0.01). With the volume tolerated by the controls, the percentile 10 was determined as the lower limit fortolerance. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, 0.95 for water and 0.95, 0.95 for Nutren(R) tests.CONCLUSION: A drinking test with water or a nutritional beverage can discriminate between FD patients and healthy subjects in Mexico, with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could be used as objective, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic approaches for FD patients.展开更多
Treatment of skeletal Cl II includes functional orthopedic treatment, head-gears, extraction of the upper premolars and orthognathic surgery. To treat any patient with functional appliances (bite jumping) an adequate ...Treatment of skeletal Cl II includes functional orthopedic treatment, head-gears, extraction of the upper premolars and orthognathic surgery. To treat any patient with functional appliances (bite jumping) an adequate overjet is necessary. In this case an 11 years old female patient has skeletal CLII due to mandibular deficiency with ANB angle 8 degrees, overbite: 3 mm, overjet: 1 mm, extremely convex profile and underdeveloped chin due to the hyper muscle contraction of the lower lip to obtain oral seal. To obtain an adequate overjet lower first premolars were extracted and maximum retraction using mini screws (for maximum anchorage) was applied. Afterwards Rahhal functional appliance was used by the patient 16 hours a day for 6 months and 10 hours a day for another 6 months for retention. After that fixed orthodontic treatment was completed. Lateral cephalometrics were taken, traced and analyzed. In the result Skeletal CLI was obtained (ANB 4 degree), straight facial profile, normal over bite overjet and particular chin development were noticed. As a conclusion, in skeletal CLII malocclusions, lower incisor protrusion will cause a contraindication for functional treatment. Extraction of the lower premolars and retraction of the lower incisors followed by functional orthopedic treatment is an efficient method to treat these cases instead of waiting for orthognathic surgery, also reducing the muscle pressure on the chin will change the development characteristics of it.展开更多
针对滩涂履带车在受潮汐影响的滩涂环境中进行长时间勘测作业的需求,提出柯西贝塞尔快速搜索随机树星(Cauchy Bessel Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star,CB-RRT^(*))算法进行路径规划。为规划出安全路径,基于全局地图和潮汐数据,并通...针对滩涂履带车在受潮汐影响的滩涂环境中进行长时间勘测作业的需求,提出柯西贝塞尔快速搜索随机树星(Cauchy Bessel Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star,CB-RRT^(*))算法进行路径规划。为规划出安全路径,基于全局地图和潮汐数据,并通过滩涂履带车到分界区的距离构建出滩涂预测模型;为提高滩涂履带车移动到目标点需进行多次路径规划的速度,对初始路径的关键树节点使用柯西概率密度函数进行采样缩小采样范围来提高节点的利用率,进而提高算法的收敛性;在重选父节点过程中考虑最大转角约束设定相应系数,并使用连续二次贝塞尔曲线进行拼接的方式来生成路径,达到提高路径平滑度的目的和解决平滑后路径与原路径偏差过大造成的安全性问题。仿真实验结果表明,CB-RRT^(*)算法在静态滩涂环境和动态滩涂环境中,能大大提高算法的收敛性和路径的平滑性,且保证路径长度最优,研究内容可以保证滩涂履带车在各种滩涂环境中进行长时间安全作业。展开更多
文摘The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theoretical results on this function, and then its application in classification using a computer program we have developed. This approach leads to clear decisions, even in cases where the extension to several classes of Fisher’s linear discriminant function fails to be effective.
基金This workis financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40490263 andNo.40276006)
文摘Based on the maximum entropy principle a new probability density function （PDF） f（x） for the surface elevation of nonlinear sea waves, X, is derived through performing a coordinate transform of X and solving a variation problem subject to three constraint conditions of f（ x ）. Compared with the maximum entropy PDFs presented previously, the new PDF has the following merits： （1） it has four parameters to be determined and hence can give more refined fit to observed data and has wider suitability for nonlinear waves in different conditions; （2） these parameters are expressed in terms of distribution moments of X in a relatively simple form and hence are easy to be determined from observed data; （3） the PDF is free of the restriction of weak nonlinearity and possible to be used for sea waves in complicated conditions, such as those in shallow waters with complicated topography; and （4） the PDF is simple in form and hence convenient for theoretical and practical uses. l.aboratory wind-wave experiments have been conducted to test the competence of the new PDF for the surface elevation of nonlinear waves. The experimental results manifest that the new PDF gives somewhat better fit to the laboratory wind-wave data than the well-known Gram-Charlier PDF and beta PDF.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China (49974021).
文摘Maximum entropy deconvolution is presented to estimate receiver function, with the maximum entropy as the rule to determine auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. The Toeplitz equation and Levinson algorithm are used to calculate the iterative formula of error-predicting filter, and receiver function is then estimated. During extrapolation, reflective coefficient is always less than 1, which keeps maximum entropy deconvolution stable. The maximum entropy of the data outside window increases the resolution of receiver function. Both synthetic and real seismograms show that maximum entropy deconvolution is an effective method to measure receiver function in time-domain.
基金The Project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of china.
文摘This paper describes and explores a maximum-entropy approach to continuous minimax problem, which is applicable in many fields, such as transportation planning and game theory. It illustrates that the maximum entropy approcach has easy framework and proves that every accumulation of {x_k} generated by maximum-entropy programming is -optimal solution of initial continuous minimax problem. The paper also explains BFGS or TR method for it. Two numerical exam.ples for continuous minimax problem are
文摘AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD patients and controls in a Mexican population. METHODS: Twenty FD-Rome Ⅱ patients were matched by age and gender with 20 healthy controls. All underwent both drinking tests at a 15 mL/min rate, randomly, 7 d apart. Every 5 min within each test, four symptoms were evaluated (satiety, bloating, nausea and pain) by Likert scales. Maximum tolerated volume (MTV) was defined as the ingested volume when a score of 5 was reached for any symptom or when the test had to be stopped because the patients could not tolerate more volume. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: FD patients had higher symptom scores for both tests compared to controls (water: t= 4.1, P= 0.001 ＜0.01; Nutren(R): t= 5.2, P= 0.001＜0.01). The MTV forwater and Nutren(R) were significantly lower in FD (water: 1014±288 vs 1749±275 mL; t = 7.9, P = 0.001＜0.01;Nutren(R): 652±168 vs 1278±286 mL; t= 6.7, P = 0.001＜0.01). With the volume tolerated by the controls, the percentile 10 was determined as the lower limit fortolerance. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, 0.95 for water and 0.95, 0.95 for Nutren(R) tests.CONCLUSION: A drinking test with water or a nutritional beverage can discriminate between FD patients and healthy subjects in Mexico, with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could be used as objective, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic approaches for FD patients.
文摘Treatment of skeletal Cl II includes functional orthopedic treatment, head-gears, extraction of the upper premolars and orthognathic surgery. To treat any patient with functional appliances (bite jumping) an adequate overjet is necessary. In this case an 11 years old female patient has skeletal CLII due to mandibular deficiency with ANB angle 8 degrees, overbite: 3 mm, overjet: 1 mm, extremely convex profile and underdeveloped chin due to the hyper muscle contraction of the lower lip to obtain oral seal. To obtain an adequate overjet lower first premolars were extracted and maximum retraction using mini screws (for maximum anchorage) was applied. Afterwards Rahhal functional appliance was used by the patient 16 hours a day for 6 months and 10 hours a day for another 6 months for retention. After that fixed orthodontic treatment was completed. Lateral cephalometrics were taken, traced and analyzed. In the result Skeletal CLI was obtained (ANB 4 degree), straight facial profile, normal over bite overjet and particular chin development were noticed. As a conclusion, in skeletal CLII malocclusions, lower incisor protrusion will cause a contraindication for functional treatment. Extraction of the lower premolars and retraction of the lower incisors followed by functional orthopedic treatment is an efficient method to treat these cases instead of waiting for orthognathic surgery, also reducing the muscle pressure on the chin will change the development characteristics of it.
文摘针对滩涂履带车在受潮汐影响的滩涂环境中进行长时间勘测作业的需求,提出柯西贝塞尔快速搜索随机树星(Cauchy Bessel Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star,CB-RRT^(*))算法进行路径规划。为规划出安全路径,基于全局地图和潮汐数据,并通过滩涂履带车到分界区的距离构建出滩涂预测模型;为提高滩涂履带车移动到目标点需进行多次路径规划的速度,对初始路径的关键树节点使用柯西概率密度函数进行采样缩小采样范围来提高节点的利用率,进而提高算法的收敛性;在重选父节点过程中考虑最大转角约束设定相应系数,并使用连续二次贝塞尔曲线进行拼接的方式来生成路径,达到提高路径平滑度的目的和解决平滑后路径与原路径偏差过大造成的安全性问题。仿真实验结果表明,CB-RRT^(*)算法在静态滩涂环境和动态滩涂环境中,能大大提高算法的收敛性和路径的平滑性,且保证路径长度最优,研究内容可以保证滩涂履带车在各种滩涂环境中进行长时间安全作业。
