Effects of site productivity on individual tree maximum basal area growth rates of Eucalyptus pilularis in subtropical Australia

Inventory data were available from 96 plots of even-aged,monoculture,tall-open forests of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith,aged 2-63 years,growing in sub-tropical regions along the east coast of Australia.A model was developed relating the maximum possible stem basal area growth rate of individual trees to their stem basal area.For any tree size,this maximum increased as site productivity increased.However,the size at which this maximum occurred decreased as productivity increased.Much research has shown that,at any stand age,trees of a particular stem basal area are taller on more productive sites than on less productive ones.Taller trees incur greater respiratory costs to ensure maintenance of the photo synthetic capacity of their canopies;this reduces their growth rates.It was concluded that trees with larger basal areas will have the maximum possible growth rate on a less productive site,whilst trees with smaller basal areas will have the maximum possible on a more productive site.The model developed may constitute the first stage of a complete individual tree growth model system to predict wood yields from these forests.

Maximum Likelihood Method of Maintainability Growth Evaluation for Weapon Equipment

The evaluation of maintainability growth plays an important role in improving materiel system effectiveness. Based on field maintenance information, a maximum likelihood model is put forward to evaluate the maintainability growth at the system level and sub-system level. A maximum likelihood function can be built after all the maintenance data can be divided into the following three categories： incomplete repair time data, complete repair time data, super-complete repair time data. According to the actual situation of the maintenance data, an appro- priate approximation can be made and the approximate analytical solution can be obtained. The values of u and can be obtained as the corresponding estimated value of unknown parameters. By effectively mining the latent sampie information, the maintainability growth evaluation is logical and reasonable.

THE RESEARCH ON MAXIMUM TURBIDITY OF YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY AND URBAN GROWTH OF SHANGHAI USING TM CCT DATA

Based on the research on the diffusion of suspended sediments discharged outside of Yangtze River estuary and the landuse of Shanghai using Landsat MSS images in several years, the authors analysed the characteristics of TM CCT data of Shanghai scene, pointed out concrete range of maximum turbidity and growth of urban boundary of Shanghai through the information extraction.The feature vector combination method is used in the research process. The result is getting nice.

A PRIORI ESTIMATES TO THE MAXIMUM MODULUS OF GENERALIZED SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH ANISOTROPIC GROWTH CONDITIONS

In this paper we give a priori estimates for the maximum modulus of generalizedsolulions of the quasilinear elliplic equations irith anisotropic growth condition.

高可靠舰船装备软件可靠性的两阶段验证方案

针对高可靠舰船装备软件可靠性验证存在的测试周期长、测试剖面难以准确反映真实使用环境等问题,提出了一种两阶段可靠性验证方案。首先,在研发阶段对软件提出可靠性要求,并基于该阶段产生的可靠性增长测试信息,利用软件可靠性增长模型评估软件可靠性水平,验证其是否达到规定的可靠性要求;然后,基于最大后验风险制定贝叶斯验证方案,并在软件试用阶段利用用户现场使用信息验证软件可靠性。实例分析结果表明:所提的两阶段验证方案能缩短软件可靠性验证时长、方便工程实施;利用用户现场使用信息给出验证结论,使结论具备较高的可信性。

耦合叶肉导度的陆面过程模型最大叶肉导度参数的敏感性分析

陆面过程模型添加叶肉导度能有效改善模型模拟的CO_(2)施肥效应精度,但叶肉导度模拟受最大叶肉导度参数取值的影响,优化模型中最大叶肉导度参数是改进陆面过程模型叶肉导度和CO_(2)施肥效应模拟的重要途径。以EALCO(Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations)模型为例添加叶肉导度,通过人为改变最大叶肉导度值的取值,分析模型输出结果对最大叶肉导度的响应,揭示最大叶肉导度参数在模型中的敏感性,并与已有研究结果或观测数据比较,探讨耦合叶肉导度的陆面过程模型最大叶肉导度参数优化的途径。模拟试验以美国哈佛森林典型温带落叶阔叶林生态监测站(US-Ha1 site, Harvard Forest Environmental Monitoring site)数据为驱动。结果显示:(1)随最大叶肉导度增加,总初级生产力(GPP, Gross Primary Production)模拟精度增加,但最大叶肉导度取值大于1.0 mol m^(-2)s^(-1)后模拟精度改善有限,最大叶肉导度小于1.0 mol m^(-2)s^(-1)时GPP模拟精度对最大叶肉导度变化响应敏感;(2)证实了叶肉导度与气孔导度之间存在明显线性关系,最大叶肉导度取值的变化能明显影响这种线性关系的斜率。当最大叶肉导度取值从0.5 mol m^(-2)s^(-1)增加到1.2 mol m^(-2)s^(-1)时,气孔导度与叶肉导度的比值从0.75左右降至0.36,这个结果表明,通过明确某一植被功能型叶肉导度与气孔导度比值,可以间接确定模型最大叶肉导度的合理取值范围;(3)证实了陆面过程模型添加叶肉导度能改进CO_(2)施肥效应模拟精度,最大叶肉导度值能影响施肥效应模拟结果,当最大叶肉导度高于0.57 mol m^(-2)s^(-1)后,随最大叶肉导度增加,模拟GPP随大气CO_(2)浓度增加的增长率呈下降趋势;(4)在月尺度上叶肉导度模拟对最大叶肉导度值的敏感性随不同生长季而不同,在生长盛期的7、8月份最大叶肉导度对叶肉导度模拟结果影响最大,其次是5、6、9月份等生长次盛期,其他月份的影响较小。

Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d^-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d^ -1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d^-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen （Kt = 24.49） had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus（Kt = 3.49） strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus （Kt = 3.73） was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the dif- ferent nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.

不同产地甜瓜植物生长调节剂残留分析和膳食风险评估

为明确不同产地甜瓜植物生长调节剂残留状况,探明其残留风险。该研究以2020年广西,海南、河北、辽宁、江苏、吉林132份甜瓜样品为研究对象,参照DB65/T 3970-2017《蔬菜和水果中17种植物生长调节剂残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法》开展了样品中6种植物生长调节剂残留水平的定量分析,比较了不同产地甜瓜植物生长调节剂残留差异,进而开展了各产区残留植物生长调节剂的急、慢性膳食摄入风险评估和风险排序。甜瓜样品中残留5种植物生长调节剂,其中脱落酸残留样品占比最高为72.13%,其次是多效唑、矮壮素、氯吡脲、烯效唑,残留样品占比分别为11.48%、9.29%、4.37%、2.73%。残留的5种植物生长调节剂,其慢性膳食摄入风险在0%~0.1197%,平均值为0.0152%;急性膳食摄入风险在0%~9.7141%,平均值为0.6692%,均远低于100%,处于安全水平。风险排序得分,无高风险植物生长调节剂,且不同产地残留样品风险得分不同。综合残留样品占比、急、慢性膳食风险评估及风险得分来看,eMRL建议制定修订多效唑、矮壮素、烯效唑的最大残留限量值分别为9、4、1 mg/kg,且脱落酸和多效唑的残留风险相对较高,建议加强关注。

基于模糊区域生长的医学图像分割

针对肺部图像的特征,论文提出了一种基于模糊隶属度的区域生长的图像分割方法。首先,对原图像进行预处理,并将其二值化;其次根据二值图像确定不同区域轮廓,计算不同区域的质心;再次,根据标注图像自动获取目标区域的质心将其作为区域生长的种子点;最后利用隶属度函数计算种子点邻近像素点的隶属度,根据其隶属度的大小进行区域生长。实验结果表明,论文提出的方法与传统区域生长方法相比能够缓解过分割或者欠分割现象,分割精度比传统方法提高了21.88%,可以分割出更清晰的目标区域,为今后的临床诊断提供帮助。

改进区域生长算法的海洋航道浅剖底质层界智能识别

海底勘测对海洋资源开发利用保护、海洋工程建设和国防安全等具有重要意义,浅地层剖面仪是一种能够勘测海底浅表层底质分布的声学设备,目前剖面仪的底质识别精度取决于操作者的主观性,可靠性较差,为提高效率和解译精度,需进一步研究底质层界自动识别模型。本文提出了适用于海底底质层界识别且不需要人工干预的区域生长改进算法,即在灰度映射和噪声剔除研究的基础上,研究根据迭代最大类间差算法提取图像层界骨架信息,将骨架信息作为初始生长点位,以流变特性修正生长指向,结合灰度加权映射曲线和峰谷波长约束生长邻域,通过本文算法分割层界,提取边缘、连接成线,从而实现海底底质层界识别。连云港港航道浅剖实测数据试验证明,本文算法能够有效识别底质层界,且识别精度达到厘米级,满足海底底质解译分析要求。

基于MaxEnt模型的湖北烟区潜在适宜性分布及其环境特征分析

为全面评价生态气候因子对湖北省烟叶生长发育的影响,利用2008—2020年中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA land data assimilation system,CLDAS)数据集和其他环境因子,基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt),利用湖北省西部烟区实际种植点位模拟湖北省烟区的潜在适宜性分布,并评估影响适宜性分布的主导环境因子。结果显示:MaxEnt模型对烟草适宜性分布的模拟预测精度较高(AUC=0.854)。海拔(650~1750 m)、土壤类型(黄壤)、团棵期平均最低气温(8.9~15.0℃)、旺长期平均气温(16.0~22.9℃)、成熟期平均气温(18.8~25.6℃)是影响湖北烟草分布的主导环境因子。烟草的高适生区主要分布在恩施、十堰和襄阳南部及宜昌东南部,占湖北省总面积的18.2%,80%区域的海拔为700~1350 m、团棵期平均最低气温11.2~14.5℃、旺长期平均气温19.2~22.8℃、成熟期平均气温22.0~25.4℃。在所有环境因子中,海拔高度起决定性作用,温度则是影响烟草生长发育的重要气象因子。研究表明,本研究结果与湖北烟区实际空间分布基本相符。

自然增长条件下具有BMO系数的椭圆方程Calderón-Zygmund型估计

本文主要研究自然增长条件的一类非线性椭圆方程-divA (x,▽u)=divF+B (x,u,▽u)弱解梯度的全局BMO估计.在A(x,▽u)满足充分小的BMO系数条件下,利用扰动讨论和极大函数等方法,完成了一类非线性Calderón-Zygmund型全局BMO估计.

Some Results Concerning Growth of Polynomials

Let P（z） be a polynomial of degree n having no zeros in ｜z｜〈 1, then for every real or complex number β with ｜β｜≤ 1, and ｜z｜ = 1, R ≥ 1, it is proved by Dewan et al. [4] that｜P（Rz）＋β（R＋1/2）^nP（z）｜≤1/2{（｜R^n＋β（R＋1/2）^n｜＋｜1＋β（R＋1/2）^n｜max｜z｜=1｜P（z）｜ -（｜R^n＋β（R＋1/2）^n｜-｜1＋β（R＋1/2）^n｜max｜z｜=1｜P（z）｜}.In this paper we generalize the above inequality for polynomials having no zeros in }z} 〈 k, k ≤ 1. Our results generalize certain well-known polynomial inequalities.

Mathematical modeling of the native Mexican turkey’s growth

Little is known about the productive performance of Mexican turkey, so the objective of the present study was to characterize growth performance curves of backyard turkey under a confined system. Forty fertile eggs were artificially incubated and turkey weight was recorded at hatch. During growth performance weekly weight was measured until 385 days of age. Turkey commercial feed and water were offered ad libitum. To characterize growth curves, a fourth degree polynomial model regression and a Richards biological model were used, which were compared by determination coefficient (r2), to reach the best fit model. The best fit model was the fourth degree polynomial regression model from a mathematical standpoint of view. It was found that maximum tom growth was reached at 15.7 weeks with a weight gain of 259.3 g/week and in hens at 12.4 weeks with a weight gain of 112.0 g/week. Body weight reached by toms at 40 weeks was 6 kg and hens at 35 weeks with 3.6 kg.

Comparative Studies on Phosphorus Uptake and Growth Kinetics of the Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the Macroalga Ulva pertusa

Short term uptake experiments and long term semicontinuous culture experiments were performed under the condition of phosphorus (P) limitation to estimate and compare the P uptake and growth kinetics of the microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the macroalga Ulva pertusa. Two new parameters, the maximum specific uptake rate ( V sp m) and the maximal growth efficiency ( β ), are introduced to achieve uniformity for the comparison of nutrient uptake and growth efficiency between microalgae and macroalgae. T. subcordiformis possesses 3 times lower half saturation uptake constant, 4 times higher maximal growth rate and 20 times higher maximum specific uptake rate than U. pertusa, while U. pertusa possesses 4 times higher maximal growth efficiency than T. subcordiformis.

Age and Growth Characteristics of Crimson Sea Bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bot-tom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individuals,ranging from 49 to 249 mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy,Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models (P>0.05),and the Von Bertalanffy growth function Lt=292.8{1-exp -0.167(t+1.116) } was se-lected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).

Maximum Modulus of Polynomials

The result is best possible. In this paper we shall present a refinement of this result and some other related results.

Advances in determining abdominal aortic aneurysm size and growth

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common pathology in the aging population of the developed world which carries a significant mortality in excess of 80% in case of rupture. Aneurysmal disease probably represents the only surgical condition in which size is such a critical determinant of the need for intervention and therefore the ability to accurately and reproducibly record aneurysm size and growth over time is of outmost importance. In the same time that imaging techniques may be limited by intra- and inter-observer variability and there may be inconsistencies due to different modalities [ultrasound, computed tomography(CT)], rapid technologic advancement have taken aortic imaging to the next level. Digital imaging, multidetector scanners, thin slice CT and most- importantly the ability to perform 3-dimensional reconstruction and image post-processing have currently become widely available rendering most of the imaging modalities used in the past out of date. The aim of the current article is to report on various imaging methods and current state of the art techniques used to record aneurysm size and growth. Moreover we aim to emphasize on the future research directions and report on techniques which probably will be widely used and incorporated in clinical practice in the near future.

Distribution Prediction of Suitable Growth Area for Eucommia ulmoides in China under Climatic Change Background

[ Objective] The research aimed to study distribution prediction of suitable growth area for Eucommia ulmoides in China under climatic change background. [ Method] By using the maximum entropy model and many kinds of climate change scenarios, we predicted current and future distribution pattems of suitable growth area for Eucommia ulmoides in China and its change process. [ Result ] At present, highly suitable growth area of E. ulmoides mainly distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chongqing, Under climate change background, total suitable growth areas in future three decades all drastically reduced when compared with that at present. It was noteworthy that moderately and highly suitable growth areas of wild E. ulmoides all disappeared, and junction between Shaanxi and Gansu and Taibai Mountain would be stable suitable growth area of wild E. ulmoides. [ Condusioa] The research could provide useful reference data for investigation, protection and sustainable development of the wild E. ulmoides resources.

Physiological and pharmacological basis for the ergogenic effects of growth hormone in elite sports

Growth Hormone （GH） is an important and powerful metabolic hormone that is secreted in a pulsatile pattern from cells in the anterior pituitary, influenced by several normal and pathophysiological conditions. Human GH was first isolated in the 1950s and human derived cadaveric GH was initially used to treat patients with GH deficiency. However, synthetic recombinant GH has been widely available since the mid-1980s and the advent of this recombi- nant GH boosted the abuse of GH as a doping agent. Doping with GH is a well-known problem among elite athletes and among people training at gyms, but is forbidden for both medical and ethical reasons. It is mainly the anabolic and, to some extent, the lipolytic effects of GH that is valued by its users. Even though GH＇ s rumour as an effective ergogenic drug among athletes, the effectiveness of GH as a single doping agent has been questioned during the last few years. There is a lack of scientific evidence that GH in supraphysiological doses has additional effects on muscle exercise performance other than those obtained from optimised training and diet itself. However, there might be synergistic effects if GH is combined with, for example, anabolic steroids, and GH seems to have positive effect on collagen synthesis. Regardless of whether or not GH doping is effective, there is a need for a reliable test method to detect GH doping. Several issues have made the development of a method for detecting GH doping complicated but a method has been presented and used in the Olympics in Athens and Turin. A problem with the method used, is the short time span （24-36 hours） from the last GH administration during which the test effectively can reveal doping. Therefore, out-of-competition testing will be crucial. However, work with different approaches to develop an alternative, reliable test is ongoing.