Maximum germination distance（MGD） is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among s...Maximum germination distance（MGD） is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae（FOS） for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor（LHF） using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management（ISM） programmes.展开更多
Redefines the mean Cook distance under the contaminated error model. With the help of the mean Cook distance, the paper discusses the relationship between local influence of small perturbations and high leverage case....Redefines the mean Cook distance under the contaminated error model. With the help of the mean Cook distance, the paper discusses the relationship between local influence of small perturbations and high leverage case. A new robust method for the adjustment of geodetic networks is proposed. The suggested method, a generalization of the robust method with the minimum mean Cook distance, is more efficient than the others. The basic feature of the method is that the equivalent weight functions of the robust estimates are determined according to the principle of statistics.展开更多
A Norton-Rice distribution(NRD)is a versatile,flexible distribution for k ordered distances from a random location to the k nearest objects.In a context of plotless density estimation(PDE)with n randomly chosen sample...A Norton-Rice distribution(NRD)is a versatile,flexible distribution for k ordered distances from a random location to the k nearest objects.In a context of plotless density estimation(PDE)with n randomly chosen sample locations,and distances measured to the k=6 nearest objects,the NRD provided a good fit to distance data from seven populations with a census of forest tree stem locations.More importantly,the three parameters of a NRD followed a simple trend with the order(1,…,6)of observed distances.The trend is quantified and exploited in a proposed new PDE through a joint maximum likelihood estimation of the NRD parameters expressed as a functions of distance order.In simulated probability sampling from the seven populations,the proposed PDE had the lowest overall bias with a good performance potential when compared to three alternative PDEs.However,absolute bias increased by 0.8 percentage points when sample size decreased from 20 to 10.In terms of root mean squared error(RMSE),the new proposed estimator was at par with an estimator published in Ecology when this study was wrapping up,but otherwise superior to the remaining two investigated PDEs.Coverage of nominal 95%confidence intervals averaged 0.94 for the new proposed estimators and 0.90,0.96,and 0.90 for the comparison PDEs.Despite tangible improvements in PDEs over the last decades,a globally least biased PDE remains elusive.展开更多
针对传统的ORB(Oriented fast and rotated brief)算法在运算速度以及精度方面有时难以满足某些应用场合实际要求,在特征点提取阶段,利用金字塔光流法提取特征点并划分有效及无效区域特征点,从而降低特征点匹配个数和提高后续运算特征...针对传统的ORB(Oriented fast and rotated brief)算法在运算速度以及精度方面有时难以满足某些应用场合实际要求,在特征点提取阶段,利用金字塔光流法提取特征点并划分有效及无效区域特征点,从而降低特征点匹配个数和提高后续运算特征点匹配速度;在特征点匹配阶段,将传统算法中的欧氏距离改为曼哈顿距离,再用MLESAC算法来剔除误匹配点。将SURF(Speeded up robust features)算法、SIFT(Scale-invariant feature transform)算法、ORB算法和改进后的ORB算法对光照条件不同、模糊度不同以及尺度大小不同的两张图像进行处理,改进后的ORB算法无论是在匹配速度还是匹配精度方面相比于传统ORB算法都有了明显改善。展开更多
Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear mode...Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear model is the most used technique for identifying hidden relationships between underlying random variables of interest. However, data quality is a significant challenge in machine learning, especially when missing data is present. The linear regression model is a commonly used statistical modeling technique used in various applications to find relationships between variables of interest. When estimating linear regression parameters which are useful for things like future prediction and partial effects analysis of independent variables, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the method of choice. However, many datasets contain missing observations, which can lead to costly and time-consuming data recovery. To address this issue, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been suggested as a solution for situations including missing data. The EM algorithm repeatedly finds the best estimates of parameters in statistical models that depend on variables or data that have not been observed. This is called maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP). Using the present estimate as input, the expectation (E) step constructs a log-likelihood function. Finding the parameters that maximize the anticipated log-likelihood, as determined in the E step, is the job of the maximization (M) phase. This study looked at how well the EM algorithm worked on a made-up compositional dataset with missing observations. It used both the robust least square version and ordinary least square regression techniques. The efficacy of the EM algorithm was compared with two alternative imputation techniques, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and mean imputation (), in terms of Aitchison distances and covariance.展开更多
在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国...在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国1973—2022年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响。结果表明,1973—2022年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在1989年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096—2100年期间4个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010—2014年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在3个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显。该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据。展开更多
为提高小目标识别性能,多波束测深仪通常使用短连续脉宽信号(Continuous Wave,CW)进行探测。然而,短脉宽信号携带能量有限,测深最大距离及扫测宽度得不到保证。发射长脉宽线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号,结合脉冲压缩...为提高小目标识别性能,多波束测深仪通常使用短连续脉宽信号(Continuous Wave,CW)进行探测。然而,短脉宽信号携带能量有限,测深最大距离及扫测宽度得不到保证。发射长脉宽线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号,结合脉冲压缩技术可解决这一矛盾。本文主要介绍LFM信号在国产iBeam8120浅水多波束测深仪中的工程应用情况,重点阐述接收回波信号处理方法,实测数据脉冲压缩效果,并分析了相位差精度影响因素。外场试验数据表明:经脉压处理后,声呐图回波能量更为集中,底检测性能得到改善。展开更多
基金The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa(AGRA)is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of the study through the African Centre for Crop Improvement(ACCI)
文摘Maximum germination distance（MGD） is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae（FOS） for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor（LHF） using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management（ISM） programmes.
文摘Redefines the mean Cook distance under the contaminated error model. With the help of the mean Cook distance, the paper discusses the relationship between local influence of small perturbations and high leverage case. A new robust method for the adjustment of geodetic networks is proposed. The suggested method, a generalization of the robust method with the minimum mean Cook distance, is more efficient than the others. The basic feature of the method is that the equivalent weight functions of the robust estimates are determined according to the principle of statistics.
基金The work was supported by the Canadian Forest Service.
文摘A Norton-Rice distribution(NRD)is a versatile,flexible distribution for k ordered distances from a random location to the k nearest objects.In a context of plotless density estimation(PDE)with n randomly chosen sample locations,and distances measured to the k=6 nearest objects,the NRD provided a good fit to distance data from seven populations with a census of forest tree stem locations.More importantly,the three parameters of a NRD followed a simple trend with the order(1,…,6)of observed distances.The trend is quantified and exploited in a proposed new PDE through a joint maximum likelihood estimation of the NRD parameters expressed as a functions of distance order.In simulated probability sampling from the seven populations,the proposed PDE had the lowest overall bias with a good performance potential when compared to three alternative PDEs.However,absolute bias increased by 0.8 percentage points when sample size decreased from 20 to 10.In terms of root mean squared error(RMSE),the new proposed estimator was at par with an estimator published in Ecology when this study was wrapping up,but otherwise superior to the remaining two investigated PDEs.Coverage of nominal 95%confidence intervals averaged 0.94 for the new proposed estimators and 0.90,0.96,and 0.90 for the comparison PDEs.Despite tangible improvements in PDEs over the last decades,a globally least biased PDE remains elusive.
文摘针对传统的ORB(Oriented fast and rotated brief)算法在运算速度以及精度方面有时难以满足某些应用场合实际要求,在特征点提取阶段,利用金字塔光流法提取特征点并划分有效及无效区域特征点,从而降低特征点匹配个数和提高后续运算特征点匹配速度;在特征点匹配阶段,将传统算法中的欧氏距离改为曼哈顿距离,再用MLESAC算法来剔除误匹配点。将SURF(Speeded up robust features)算法、SIFT(Scale-invariant feature transform)算法、ORB算法和改进后的ORB算法对光照条件不同、模糊度不同以及尺度大小不同的两张图像进行处理,改进后的ORB算法无论是在匹配速度还是匹配精度方面相比于传统ORB算法都有了明显改善。
文摘Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear model is the most used technique for identifying hidden relationships between underlying random variables of interest. However, data quality is a significant challenge in machine learning, especially when missing data is present. The linear regression model is a commonly used statistical modeling technique used in various applications to find relationships between variables of interest. When estimating linear regression parameters which are useful for things like future prediction and partial effects analysis of independent variables, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the method of choice. However, many datasets contain missing observations, which can lead to costly and time-consuming data recovery. To address this issue, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been suggested as a solution for situations including missing data. The EM algorithm repeatedly finds the best estimates of parameters in statistical models that depend on variables or data that have not been observed. This is called maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP). Using the present estimate as input, the expectation (E) step constructs a log-likelihood function. Finding the parameters that maximize the anticipated log-likelihood, as determined in the E step, is the job of the maximization (M) phase. This study looked at how well the EM algorithm worked on a made-up compositional dataset with missing observations. It used both the robust least square version and ordinary least square regression techniques. The efficacy of the EM algorithm was compared with two alternative imputation techniques, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and mean imputation (), in terms of Aitchison distances and covariance.
文摘在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国1973—2022年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响。结果表明,1973—2022年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在1989年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096—2100年期间4个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010—2014年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在3个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显。该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据。
文摘为提高小目标识别性能,多波束测深仪通常使用短连续脉宽信号(Continuous Wave,CW)进行探测。然而,短脉宽信号携带能量有限,测深最大距离及扫测宽度得不到保证。发射长脉宽线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号,结合脉冲压缩技术可解决这一矛盾。本文主要介绍LFM信号在国产iBeam8120浅水多波束测深仪中的工程应用情况,重点阐述接收回波信号处理方法,实测数据脉冲压缩效果,并分析了相位差精度影响因素。外场试验数据表明:经脉压处理后,声呐图回波能量更为集中,底检测性能得到改善。
