相对密实度是影响砂土力学性质的重要指标,密实的砂土呈现强度软化,松散的砂土却呈现强度硬化,而测定最大、最小孔隙比是计算相对密实度的前提。砂土的最小及最大孔隙比是通过直接测定的相应最大、最小干密度换算得到的,但目前常忽略了...相对密实度是影响砂土力学性质的重要指标,密实的砂土呈现强度软化,松散的砂土却呈现强度硬化,而测定最大、最小孔隙比是计算相对密实度的前提。砂土的最小及最大孔隙比是通过直接测定的相应最大、最小干密度换算得到的,但目前常忽略了试验方法对其试验结果的影响,也忽略了黏粒含量对砂样密实度的影响。现取细、中、粗砂3种砂样,进行了干密度测试试验并测定了不同黏粒及黏粒掺量下砂样的最大、最小孔隙比。研究结果表明：采用量筒慢转法测量砂土最小干密度较为合理;采用振动锤击法测定砂土最大干密度时,建议细砂采用容积为250 m L击实筒,中、粗砂采用1000 m L击实筒;掺入粉粒、黏粒后砂样的最小孔隙比均随黏粒掺量（≤30%）增加而减小,且两者之间存在一定的线性关系;砂样最大孔隙比随粉粒、黏粒掺量增加逐渐减小,而随高岭土黏粒掺量增加呈缓慢增大趋势。展开更多
There is a well-recognized need for improved fractionation methods to partition soil organic matter into functional pools. Physical separation based on particle size is widely used, yielding particulate organic matter...There is a well-recognized need for improved fractionation methods to partition soil organic matter into functional pools. Physical separation based on particle size is widely used, yielding particulate organic matter(POM, i.e., free or "uncomplexed" organic matter> 50 μm) as the most labile fraction. To evaluate whether POM meets criteria for an ideal model pool, we examined whether it is:1) unique, i.e., found only in the > 50 μm fraction and 2) homogeneous, rather than a composite of different subfractions. Following ultrasonic dispersion, sand(> 50 μm) along with coarse(20–50 μm) and fine(5–20 μm) silt fractions were isolated from a silt loam soil under long-term pasture at Lincoln, New Zealand. The sand and silt fractions contained 20% and 21% of total soil C, respectively.We adopted a sequential density separation procedure using sodium polytungstate with density increasing step-wise from 1.7 to 2.4 g cm^(-3) to recover organic matter(light fractions) from the sand and silt fractions. Almost all(ca. 90%) the organic matter in the sand fraction and a large proportion(ca. 60%–70%) in the silt fractions was recovered by sequential density separation. The results suggested that POM is a composite of organo-mineral complexes with varying proportions of organic and mineral materials. Part of the organic matter associated with the silt fractions shared features in common with POM. In a laboratory bio-assay, biodegradability of POM varied depending on land use(pasture > arable cropping). We concluded that POM is neither homogeneous nor unique.展开更多
文摘相对密实度是影响砂土力学性质的重要指标,密实的砂土呈现强度软化,松散的砂土却呈现强度硬化,而测定最大、最小孔隙比是计算相对密实度的前提。砂土的最小及最大孔隙比是通过直接测定的相应最大、最小干密度换算得到的,但目前常忽略了试验方法对其试验结果的影响,也忽略了黏粒含量对砂样密实度的影响。现取细、中、粗砂3种砂样,进行了干密度测试试验并测定了不同黏粒及黏粒掺量下砂样的最大、最小孔隙比。研究结果表明：采用量筒慢转法测量砂土最小干密度较为合理;采用振动锤击法测定砂土最大干密度时,建议细砂采用容积为250 m L击实筒,中、粗砂采用1000 m L击实筒;掺入粉粒、黏粒后砂样的最小孔隙比均随黏粒掺量（≤30%）增加而减小,且两者之间存在一定的线性关系;砂样最大孔隙比随粉粒、黏粒掺量增加逐渐减小,而随高岭土黏粒掺量增加呈缓慢增大趋势。
文摘There is a well-recognized need for improved fractionation methods to partition soil organic matter into functional pools. Physical separation based on particle size is widely used, yielding particulate organic matter(POM, i.e., free or "uncomplexed" organic matter> 50 μm) as the most labile fraction. To evaluate whether POM meets criteria for an ideal model pool, we examined whether it is:1) unique, i.e., found only in the > 50 μm fraction and 2) homogeneous, rather than a composite of different subfractions. Following ultrasonic dispersion, sand(> 50 μm) along with coarse(20–50 μm) and fine(5–20 μm) silt fractions were isolated from a silt loam soil under long-term pasture at Lincoln, New Zealand. The sand and silt fractions contained 20% and 21% of total soil C, respectively.We adopted a sequential density separation procedure using sodium polytungstate with density increasing step-wise from 1.7 to 2.4 g cm^(-3) to recover organic matter(light fractions) from the sand and silt fractions. Almost all(ca. 90%) the organic matter in the sand fraction and a large proportion(ca. 60%–70%) in the silt fractions was recovered by sequential density separation. The results suggested that POM is a composite of organo-mineral complexes with varying proportions of organic and mineral materials. Part of the organic matter associated with the silt fractions shared features in common with POM. In a laboratory bio-assay, biodegradability of POM varied depending on land use(pasture > arable cropping). We concluded that POM is neither homogeneous nor unique.
