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Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media
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作者 Maohui Lyu Vrushali A.Bokil +1 位作者 Yingda Cheng Fengyan Li 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 EI 2024年第1期30-63,共34页
In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic ... In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations. 展开更多
关键词 maxwells equations Kerr and Raman Discontinuous Galerkin method Energy stability
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High-Order Spatial FDTD Solver of Maxwell’s Equations for Terahertz Radiation Production
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作者 Abdelrahman Mahdy 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第4期1028-1042,共15页
We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filament... We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. 展开更多
关键词 The Finite-Difference-Time-Domain Terahertz Radiation Production Filamentation of Femtosecond Laser maxwells Equations solution
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Reciprocity Relation between Alternative Gravity Formulas
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作者 Hans Hermann Otto 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第4期1432-1440,共9页
We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists betw... We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter. 展开更多
关键词 Gravity Formulas Reciprocity Distance relation NEWTON EINsTEIN Bhandari Higgs Field Dirac’s Large Number
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Complex Maxwell’s Equations
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作者 Mahgoub A. Salih 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2023年第12期1662-1671,共10页
Maxwell’s equations in electromagnetism can be categorized into three dis-tinct groups based on the electromagnetic source when employing quaterni-ons. Each group represents a self-contained system in which Maxwell’... Maxwell’s equations in electromagnetism can be categorized into three dis-tinct groups based on the electromagnetic source when employing quaterni-ons. Each group represents a self-contained system in which Maxwell’s equations are applied and validated concurrently, in contrast to the previous approach that did not account for this. It has been noted that the formulation of these Maxwell equations ultimately results in the formulation of Max-well’s equations utilizing the scalar function. 展开更多
关键词 maxwells Equations scalar Function Proca Equation Gage Transformation QUATERNION
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Relating Maxwell's demon and quantitative analysis of information leakage for practical imperative programs 被引量:1
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作者 Kushal Anjaria Arun Mishra 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第10期122-131,共10页
Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon's entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage ... Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon's entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage in imperative programs. But in the present work, our aim is to go in a reverse direction and try to find possible Maxwell's demon experimental setup for contemporary practical imperative programs in which variations of Shannon's entropy formula has been applied to measure the information leakage. To establish the relation between the second principle of thermodynamics and quantitative analysis of information leakage, present work models contemporary variations of imperative programs in terms of Maxwell's demon experimental setup. In the present work five contemporary variations of imperative program related to information quantification are identified. They are: (i) information leakage in imperative program, (ii) imperative multi- threaded program, (iii) point to point leakage in the imperative program, (iv) imperative program with infinite observation, and (v) imperative program in the SOA-based environment. For these variations, minimal work required by an attacker to gain the secret is also calculated using historical Maxwell's demon experiment. To model the experimental setup of Maxwell's demon, non-interference security policy is used. In the present work, imperative programs with one-bit secret information have been considered to avoid the complexity. The findings of the present work from the history of physics can be utilized in many areas related to information flow of physical computing, nano-computing, quantum computing, biological computing, energy dissipation in computing, and computing power analysis. 展开更多
关键词 information maxwell's demon second principle of thermodynamics information security reversible system
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Derivation of Maxwell’s Equations via the Covariance Requirements of the Special Theory of Relativity, Starting with Newton’s Laws
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作者 Allan D. Pierce 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2019年第9期2052-2073,共22页
The purpose of this paper is to establish a connection between Maxwell’s equations, Newton’s laws, and the special theory of relativity. This is done with a derivation that begins with Newton’s verbal enunciation o... The purpose of this paper is to establish a connection between Maxwell’s equations, Newton’s laws, and the special theory of relativity. This is done with a derivation that begins with Newton’s verbal enunciation of his first two laws. Derived equations are required to be covariant, and a simplicity criterion requires that the four-vector force on a charged particle be linearly related to the four-vector velocity. The connecting tensor has derivable symmetry properties and contains the electric and magnetic field vectors. The Lorentz force law emerges, and Maxwell’s equations for free space emerge with the assumption that the tensor and its dual must both satisfy first-order partial differential equations. The inhomogeneous extension yields a charge density and a current density as being the source of the field, and yields the law of conservation of charge. Newton’s third law is reinterpreted as a reciprocity statement, which requires that the charge in the source term can be taken as the same physical entity as that of the test particle and that both can be assigned the same units. Requiring covariance under either spatial inversions or time reversals precludes magnetic charge being a source of electromagnetic fields that exert forces on electric charges. 展开更多
关键词 relatIVITY maxwells EQUATIONs Newton’s LAWs COVARIANCE
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Determination of Photon and Elementary Particles Rest Masses Using Maxwell’s Equations and Generalized Potential Dependent Special Relativity
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作者 Abeer Mohammed Khairy Ahmed Mashair Ahmed Mohammed Yousif +5 位作者 Zainab Mustapha Kurawa Zoalnoon Ahmed Abeid Allah Saad Suhair Salih Makawy Mohammed Idriss Mohammed Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Sami Abdalla Elbadawi Mohamed 《Natural Science》 2020年第8期588-598,共11页
The nature and origin of the photon and elementary rest masses are some of the challeng-ing problems that physics face. The approaches used to solve these problems are complex and time-consuming. Specifically, the pho... The nature and origin of the photon and elementary rest masses are some of the challeng-ing problems that physics face. The approaches used to solve these problems are complex and time-consuming. Specifically, the photon rest mass pays attention to theoretical physi-cists. Many experimental works show that the photon rest mass is non zero. This problem can be solved using generalized potential dependent special relativity, which has been de-rived using simple arguments, and Maxwell’s equations, besides the conventional Einstein energy-momentum relation. The results obtained show that the rest mass of photons and elementary particles are strongly dependent on the vacuum energy and a universal con-stant. This result conforms with the models that predict time decaying vacuum energy as-sociated with production of smaller rest mass particles followed by larger masses. The two potential dependent mass expressions conform with the cosmological models that suggest the photon is generated first by assuming the universe consisting of total constant vacuum with decaying cosmological part and mass generating part. Using Maxwell’s equations, beside plank and De Broglie hypothesis together with special relativity energy-momentum relation the photon rest mass is estimated. It was shown that the photon rest mass is ex-tremely small compared to the electron mass. 展开更多
关键词 PHOTON Elementary Particles maxwells Equations Potential Dependent special relativity Vacuum Energy
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基于Maxwell-Rivlin-Ericksen理论的MRM本构关系的算法探究
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作者 孙虎 彭向和 +1 位作者 李海涛 赵春伟 《计算力学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第S1期46-49,共4页
从Maxwell电磁场理论出发,得到磁流变材料的电磁学本构方程,基于Rivlin-Ericksen理论,结合质量守恒定律及动量守恒定理,提出了普适的磁流变材料Cauchy应力σ的一种本构关系。与牛顿粘性流体及热力学第二定律相结合确定了算法中磁流变材... 从Maxwell电磁场理论出发,得到磁流变材料的电磁学本构方程,基于Rivlin-Ericksen理论,结合质量守恒定律及动量守恒定理,提出了普适的磁流变材料Cauchy应力σ的一种本构关系。与牛顿粘性流体及热力学第二定律相结合确定了算法中磁流变材料本构关系的基本参数.以平行板间磁流变材料运动为算例,计算结果验证了本模型切实有效.最后与美国Lord公司配置的典型磁流变材料MRM-132LD结果进行比较,结论吻合良好,希望该工作能有力推动磁流变材料的迅猛发展. 展开更多
关键词 磁流变材料 maxwell电磁场 Rivlin-Ericksen理论 实验 本构关系
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AR、SKP2、SOX10、PD-L1及TIL表达在三阴性乳腺癌中的意义
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作者 刘娟 殷丽娟 范德生 《诊断学理论与实践》 2024年第2期162-172,共11页
目的:探索雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)、S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phase kinase-associated protein 2,SKP2)、性别决定区Y相关的HMG盒含因子10(sry-related HMG box-containing factor 10,SOX10)、程序性死亡配体1(programmed death-l... 目的:探索雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)、S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phase kinase-associated protein 2,SKP2)、性别决定区Y相关的HMG盒含因子10(sry-related HMG box-containing factor 10,SOX10)、程序性死亡配体1(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)及肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)表达与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:根据苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylineosin, HE)染色切片评判109例TNBC瘤巢内TIL的比例,采用Leica Bond-Max全自动免疫组化仪检测TNBC组织中AR、SKP2、SOX10、PD-L1的表达。分析以上各生物指标与临床病理特征间的关系,并采用kaplan-Meier、Log-rank进行生存分析。结果:95例患者获得随访,中位随访时间为48个月,中位无病生存时间(disease-free survival, DFS)为42个月,中位总生存时间(overall survival, OS)48个月。在TNBC中,AR阳性表达与淋巴结转移阴性(P=0.009)、肿瘤最大径<2 cm(P=0.008)相关,TIL高表达与低级别TNBC相关(P=0.007),SKP2阳性表达与神经/脉管侵犯阳性(P=0.011)、高级别TNBC相关(P=0.002),SOX10阳性表达与淋巴结转移阳性(P=0.022)、高级别TNBC(P=0.005)相关,PD-L1阳性表达与淋巴结转移阳性(P=0.020)、神经/脉管侵犯阳性(P=0.006)、高级别TNBC(P=0.042)相关。生存分析显示,SKP2、SOX10阳性表达与更差的DFS(P=0.007、P<0.001)和OS(P=0.013、P<0.001)相关,TIL高表达与更好的DFS(P=0.016)及OS(P=0.004)相关。在生物表志物的联合表达中,AR+/SKP2-、AR+/SOX10-与更好的DFS(P=0.004、P<0.001)及OS(P=0.007、P=0.001)相关,SOX10+/低TIL、PD-L1+/低TIL与更差的DFS(P<0.001、P=0.008)及OS(P=0.001、P=0.002)相关,AR-/低TIL者具有更差的OS(P=0.014)。SKP2(HR=4.143,95%CI为1.578~10.875)、SOX10(HR=7.578,95%CI为2.067~27.782)的阳性表达是影响TNBC患者DFS的独立预后因子,SKP2(HR=3.758,95%CI为1.400~10.084)、SOX10(HR=5.131,95%CI为1.316~20.000)及TIL(HR=0.375,95%CI为0.154~0.917)的阳性表达是TNBC患者OS的独立预后因子(P均<0.05)。结论:在TNBC中,AR阳性、TIL高表达与具有更好预后的临床病理特征相关,SKP2、SOX10和PD-L1与具侵袭性的临床病理特征相关。SKP2、SOX10及TIL表达与TNBC预后相关,提示这些生物指标可能成为TNBC新的预后因子,同时它们也有可能成为潜在的治疗靶点。 展开更多
关键词 三阴性乳腺癌 雄激素受体 s期激酶相关蛋白2 性别决定区Y相关的HMG盒含因子10 程序性死亡配体1 肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞
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Physical interpretation of Planck's constant based on the Maxwell theory 被引量:1
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作者 张东才 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期87-95,共9页
The discovery of the Planck relation is generally regarded as the starting point of quantum physics.Planck's constant h is now regarded as one of the most important universal constants.The physical nature of h,howeve... The discovery of the Planck relation is generally regarded as the starting point of quantum physics.Planck's constant h is now regarded as one of the most important universal constants.The physical nature of h,however,has not been well understood.It was originally suggested as a fitting constant to explain the black-body radiation.Although Planck had proposed a theoretical justification of h,he was never satisfied with that.To solve this outstanding problem,we use the Maxwell theory to directly calculate the energy and momentum of a radiation wave packet.We find that the energy of the wave packet is indeed proportional to its oscillation frequency.This allows us to derive the value of Planck's constant.Furthermore,we show that the emission and transmission of a photon follows the all-or-none principle.The "strength" of the wave packet can be characterized by ζ,which represents the integrated strength of the vector potential along a transverse axis.We reason that ζ should have a fixed cut-off value for all photons.Our results suggest that a wave packet can behave like a particle.This offers a simple explanation to the recent satellite observations that the cosmic microwave background follows closely the black-body radiation as predicted by Planck's law. 展开更多
关键词 Planck's constant maxwell's theory de Broglie relation uncertainty principle wave packet PHOTON
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Adaptive Maxwell’s Equations Derived Optimization and Its Application in Antenna Array Synthesis 被引量:1
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作者 Donglin Su Lilin Li +1 位作者 Shunchuan Yang Fei Wang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第5期263-272,共10页
In this paper,a self-adaptive method for the Maxwell’s Equations Derived Optimization(MEDO)is proposed.It is implemented by applying the Sequential Model-Based Optimization(SMBO)algorithm to the iterations of the MED... In this paper,a self-adaptive method for the Maxwell’s Equations Derived Optimization(MEDO)is proposed.It is implemented by applying the Sequential Model-Based Optimization(SMBO)algorithm to the iterations of the MEDO,and achieves the automatic adjustment of the parameters.The proposed method is named as adaptive Maxwell’s equations derived optimization(AMEDO).In order to evaluate the performance of AMEDO,eight benchmarks are used and the results are compared with the original MEDO method.The results show that AMEDO can greatly reduce the workload of manual adjustment of parameters,and at the same time can keep the accuracy and stability.Moreover,the convergence of the optimization can be accelerated due to the dynamical adjustment of the parameters.In the end,the proposed AMEDO is applied to the side lobe level suppression and array failure correction of a linear antenna array,and shows great potential in antenna array synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 electromagnetic compatibility maxwells equations derived optimization adaptive maxwells equations derived optimization sequential modelbased optimization antenna array synthesis
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ANALYSIS OF FDTD TO UPML FOR MAXWELL EQUATIONS IN POLAR COORDINATES 被引量:2
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作者 方能胜 应隆安 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第5期2007-2032,共26页
An FDTD system associated with uniaxial perfectly matched layer(UPML) for an electromagnetic scattering problem in two-dimensional space in polar coordinates is considered.Particularly the FDTD system of an initial-... An FDTD system associated with uniaxial perfectly matched layer(UPML) for an electromagnetic scattering problem in two-dimensional space in polar coordinates is considered.Particularly the FDTD system of an initial-boundary value problems of the transverse magnetic(TM) mode to Maxwell's equations is obtained by Yee's algorithm,and the open domain of the scattering problem is truncated by a circle with a UPML.Besides,an artificial boundary condition is imposed on the outer boundary of the UPML.Afterwards,stability of the FDTD system on the truncated domain is established through energy estimates by the Gronwall inequality.Numerical experiments are designed to approve the theoretical analysis. 展开更多
关键词 maxwell's equations uniaxial perfectly matched layer initial boundary value problem sTABILITY finite difference time domain polar coordinates
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Thermoelastic waves in helical strands with Maxwell–Cattaneo heat conduction 被引量:2
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作者 Dansong Zhang Martin Ostoja-Starzewski 《Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters》 CAS CSCD 2019年第5期302-307,I0004,共7页
Harmonic thermoelastic waves in helical strands with Maxwell–Cattaneo heat conduction areinvestigated analytically and numerically. The corresponding dispersion relation is a sixth-orderalgebraic equation, governed b... Harmonic thermoelastic waves in helical strands with Maxwell–Cattaneo heat conduction areinvestigated analytically and numerically. The corresponding dispersion relation is a sixth-orderalgebraic equation, governed by six non-dimensional parameters: two thermoelastic couplingconstants, one chirality parameter, the ratio between extensional and torsional moduli, the Fouriernumber, and the dimensionless thermal relaxation. The behavior of the solutions is discussedfrom two perspectives with an asymptotic-numerical approach: (1) the effect of thermal relaxationon the elastic wave celerities, and (2) the effect of thermoelastic coupling on the thermal wavecelerities. With small wavenumbers, the adiabatic solution for Fourier helical strands is recovered.However, with large wavenumbers, the solutions behave differently depending on the thermalrelaxation and chirality. Due to thermoelastic coupling, the thermal wave celerity deviates from theclassical result of the speed of second sound. 展开更多
关键词 HELICAL sTRANDs maxwell-Cattaneo heat conduction Thermal RELAXATION Dispersion relatION
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Supplemental Materials: Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins 被引量:1
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作者 W.-B. Wang X.-Y. Chang +9 位作者 F. Wang P.-Y. Hou Y.-Y. Huang W.-G. Zhang X.-L. Ouyang X.-Z. Huang Z.-Y. Zhang H.-Y. Wang L. He L.-M. Duan 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期1-6,共6页
We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell's demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A... We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell's demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon can start in a quantum superposition state or in an entangled state with an ancilla observer. Through quantum state tomography, we measure the entropy in the system, demon, and the ancilla, showing the influence of coherence and entanglement on the result. A quantum implementation of Maxwell's demon adds more controllability to this paradoxical thermal machine and may find applications in quantum thermodynamics involving microscopic systems. 展开更多
关键词 maxwell Realization of Quantum maxwells Demon with solid-state spins
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Intensive care environment: Perspective of relatives of critically ill patient sustained by health technology
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作者 Chinomso Ugochukwu NWOZICHI Olaolorunpo OLORUNFEMI 《Journal of Integrative Nursing》 2023年第2期102-107,共6页
The intensive care unit(ICU)is a complex setting by nature,and some have described it as bizarre due to its numerous sirens that sound when anything is dangerous,constant activity,equipment,bright lights,and high fata... The intensive care unit(ICU)is a complex setting by nature,and some have described it as bizarre due to its numerous sirens that sound when anything is dangerous,constant activity,equipment,bright lights,and high fatality rate.The demands placed on nurses to care for critically ill patients in this environment frequently prevent nurses and other health‑care professionals from acknowledging the feelings of patient’s relatives or family caregivers,resulting in a hostile environment from the patient’s relative’s perspective.When a patient’s family enters the ICU,they feel that hospital administrators do little to nothing to alleviate their discomfort and fear.Despite research demonstrating the importance of providing a homely environment for patients’families,In Nigeria ICU is still far behind how a conventional ICU environment should be structured to accommodate patient’s relations in the unit.The goal of this study was to look at the patient’s relative’s perspective on providing care for a critically ill patient in an ICU,with a focus on the unit’s complexity and overall experience.Based on the findings of this study,we recommend that hospital administrators ensure that the environment of the upcoming ICU is designed to meet the needs of patient’s relatives by addressing identified environmental concerns,like caring neglect,by providing a friendly and stress‑free environment. 展开更多
关键词 Family caregivers health technologies critically ill patients intensive care unit patient’s relative’s perspective
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New Reflection Principles for Maxwell's Equations and Their Applications 被引量:1
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作者 Hongyu Liu Masahiro Yamamoto Jun Zou 《Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications)》 SCIE 2009年第1期1-17,共17页
Some new reflection principles for Maxwell's equations are first established, which are then applied to derive two novel identifiability results in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems with polyhed... Some new reflection principles for Maxwell's equations are first established, which are then applied to derive two novel identifiability results in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems with polyhedral scatterers. 展开更多
关键词 maxwell's equations reflection principles inverse electromagnetic scattering identiflability and uniqueness.
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(Generalized)Green's Relations of GV-Semigroups 被引量:1
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作者 张建刚 申冉 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2012年第2期175-177,共3页
Green's relations and generalized Green's relations play a fundamental role in the study of semigroups.GV-semigroups are the generalizations of completely regular semigroups in the range of π-regular semigrou... Green's relations and generalized Green's relations play a fundamental role in the study of semigroups.GV-semigroups are the generalizations of completely regular semigroups in the range of π-regular semigroups.In this paper,Green's relations and generalized Green's relations on GV-semigroups are considered by the structure of GV-semigroups.D=j and D C D* on GV-semigroups will be proved. 展开更多
关键词 GV-sEMIGROUP GV-inverse semigroup Green’s relations
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SOME REMARKS ON (L)-GREEN’S RELATIONS AND STRONGLY RPP SEMIGROUPS 被引量:1
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作者 杜兰 郭聿琦 K.P. Shum 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第4期1591-1599,共9页
In order to study rpp semigroups, in particular, some special cases, several facts on (l)-Green’s relations and strongly rpp semigroups are given as some remarks.
关键词 (l)-Green’s relations strongly rpp semigroups semilattice congruences Dprimitive idempotents
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China-US Trade Relations:Win-Win Picture Distorted 被引量:1
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作者 李若谷 《China Economist》 2008年第1期90-105,共16页
At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic fac... At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic facts regarding China-U.S.trade relations. Based on an analysis of some official and nonofficial research reports published in the United States,this article holds that the China-U.S.trade imbalance is the symptom of a bigger issue stemming from the contradiction between the United States as the world's sole superpower and China as an emerging power.Economic globalisation came about due to the needs of western developed countries represented by the United States to boost economic development.Only by seizing the opportunities of economic globalisation, has China gained strong economic growth. Such a development is changing the world political,economic,military and cultural landscape that have been shaped since the post-cold-war era,and has to some extent raised doubt or suspicion on the part of the United States and its western allies.This is a manifestation of how unprepared some people in the United States and other western countries are in the face of China's rapid development and rising status.So,their immediate reaction has been to seek protection for themselves,and try their utmost to prevent China's rapid growth from impacting on the international framework and their vested interests. 展开更多
关键词 China-U.s. TRADE relations BILATERAL relations TRADE imbalance.
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A New Formulation of Maxwell’s Equations in Clifford Algebra 被引量:1
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作者 Pirooz Mohazzabi Norbert J. Wielenberg Gary Clark Alexander 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2017年第8期1575-1588,共14页
A new unification of the Maxwell equations is given in the domain of Clifford algebras with in a fashion similar to those obtained with Pauli and Dirac algebras. It is shown that the new electromagnetic field multivec... A new unification of the Maxwell equations is given in the domain of Clifford algebras with in a fashion similar to those obtained with Pauli and Dirac algebras. It is shown that the new electromagnetic field multivector can be obtained from a potential function that is closely related to the scalar and the vector potentials of classical electromagnetics. Additionally it is shown that the gauge transformations of the new multivector and its potential function and the Lagrangian density of the electromagnetic field are in agreement with the transformation rules of the second-rank antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor, in contrast to the results obtained by applying other versions of Clifford algebras. 展开更多
关键词 CLIFFORD ALGEBRA maxwells EQUATIONs Electromagnetism VECTOR POTENTIAL
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