In this letter, I outline the intimate connection between the fractal spectra of the exact solution of the hydrogen atom and the issue of the missing dark energy of the cosmos. A proposal for a dark energy reactor har...In this letter, I outline the intimate connection between the fractal spectra of the exact solution of the hydrogen atom and the issue of the missing dark energy of the cosmos. A proposal for a dark energy reactor harnessing the dark energy of the Schrodinger wave via a quantum wave nondemolition measurement is also presented.展开更多
A method using group-induced second-order long waves(GSLW) to represent statistical properties of wave groups with double-peaked spectra is put forward in this paper on the basis of the GSLW theory. The GSLW is regard...A method using group-induced second-order long waves(GSLW) to represent statistical properties of wave groups with double-peaked spectra is put forward in this paper on the basis of the GSLW theory. The GSLW is regarded as a weighted linear superimposition of the second-order long Wave induced by the low peak frequency section and that induced by the high peak frequency section. There is a parabolic relationship between the GSLW and the wave envelope. Then the probability density function and the distribution function of the GSLW amplitude are derived. Thus the formulas for the average time duration and the mean length of runs can be derived. Good agreement between theoretical results and measured values was achieved. as verified with the measured double-peaked spectra in different regions.展开更多
Two simple, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and Ezetimibe (EZ) in their bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage ...Two simple, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and Ezetimibe (EZ) in their bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method (I) is based on dual wavelength analysis while method (II) is the mean centering of ratio spectra spectrophotometric (MCR) method. In method (I), two wavelengths were selected for each drug in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for the second drug. At wavelengths 226.6 and 244 nm EZ had equal absorbance values; therefore, these two wavelengths have been used to determine ATR; on a similar basis 228.6 and 262.8 nm were selected to determine EZ in their binary mixtures. In method II, the absorption spectra of both ATR and EZ with different concentrations were recorded over the range 200-350, divided by the spectrum of suitable divisor of both ATR and EZ and then the obtained ratio spectra were mean centered. The concentrations of active components were then determined from the calibration graphs obtained by measuring the amplitudes at 215-260 nm (peak to peak) for both ATR and EZ. Accuracy and precision of the developed methods have been tested; in addition recovery studies have been carried out in order to confirm their accuracy. On the other hand, selectivities of the methods were tested by application for determination of different synthetic mixtures containing different ratios of the studied drugs. The developed methods have been successfully used for determination of ATR and EZ in their combined dosage form and statistical comparison of the developed methods with the reported spectrophotometric one using F and Student’s t-tests showed no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision.展开更多
Internal and external meshes are two of primary excitation sources which induce vibration while double-helical planetary gear sets are in transmission. Based on the analysis of tooth movement principle,three cases of ...Internal and external meshes are two of primary excitation sources which induce vibration while double-helical planetary gear sets are in transmission. Based on the analysis of tooth movement principle,three cases of mesh stiffness are derived via investigating the length of action lines,and catalogued in terms of β < β0,β = β0and β > β_0. The simulation demonstrates mesh stiffness between gear pairs performs as a trapezoid waveform( TW) and changes along with the line of action simultaneously,total mesh stiffness comes from the superposition of each engaged gear. While governing equations of motion contained 16 DOFs( degree of freedom) are constructed and effectively solved through the combination of numerical approaches. Comparing with sinusoidal waveform mesh stiffness( SW),the results show that dynamical factors and perturbation under the excitation of TW( β < β_0) are greater and remarkable than that from SW,with respect to the mean dynamic factors about 1. 51 and 1. 28,respectively. The fluctuation response between ring- planet( R- P) is stronger than sun-planet( S-P) which is also validated by both approach studies,frequency spectra analyses identifies larger distinct rotational resonance and more frequencies under TW excitation.展开更多
Simple, accurate, sensitive and validated UV spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were developed for the determination of imidapril hydrochloride （IMD） in the presence of both its alkaline （AKN） and oxidati...Simple, accurate, sensitive and validated UV spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were developed for the determination of imidapril hydrochloride （IMD） in the presence of both its alkaline （AKN） and oxidative （OXI） degradation products and in its pharmaceutical formulation. Method A is the fourth derivative spectra （D4） which allows the determination of IMD in the presence of both AKN and OXD, in pure form and in tablets by measuring the peak amplitude at 243.0 nm. Methods B, C and D, manipulating ratio spectra, were also developed. Method B is the double divisor-ratio difference spectrophotometric one （DD-RD） by computing the difference between the amplitudes of IMD ratio spectra at 232 and 256.3 nm. Method C is the double divisor-first derivative of ratio spectra method （DD-DR1） at 243.2 nm, while method D is the mean centering of ratio spectra （MCR） at 288.0 nm. Methods A, B, C and D could successfully determine IMD in a concentration range of 4.0-32.0 mg/mL. Methods E and F are principal component regression （PCR） and partial least-squares （PLS）, respectively, for the simultaneous determination of IMD in the presence of both AKN and OXI, in pure form and in its tablets. The developed methods have the advantage of simultaneous determination of the cited components without any pre-treatment. The accuracy, precision and linearity ranges of the developed methods were determined. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of a reported HPLC method, and there was no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported method regarding both accuracy and precision.展开更多
A spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter(TEPC) for neutron monitoring has been developed. It was properly designed to produce a uniform electric field intensity around the anode wire. An internal ^(241)Am al...A spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter(TEPC) for neutron monitoring has been developed. It was properly designed to produce a uniform electric field intensity around the anode wire. An internal ^(241)Am alpha source was adopted for lineal energy calibration. The TEPC was characterized in terms of dose equivalent response in a standard ^(252)Cf neutron field, and was tested with 2.45 MeV neutrons. Microdosimetric spectra, frequency mean lineal energy and dose-average mean lineal energy of 2.45 MeV neutrons were obtained and compared with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results. The measurement and simulation results agreed well. The mean quality factor and dose equivalent values evaluated from the 2.45 MeV neutron measurement were in good agreement with the recommended effective quality factor and ambient dose equivalent H*(10),respectively. Preliminary results have proved the availability of the developed TEPC for neutron monitoring.展开更多
文摘In this letter, I outline the intimate connection between the fractal spectra of the exact solution of the hydrogen atom and the issue of the missing dark energy of the cosmos. A proposal for a dark energy reactor harnessing the dark energy of the Schrodinger wave via a quantum wave nondemolition measurement is also presented.
基金This project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A method using group-induced second-order long waves(GSLW) to represent statistical properties of wave groups with double-peaked spectra is put forward in this paper on the basis of the GSLW theory. The GSLW is regarded as a weighted linear superimposition of the second-order long Wave induced by the low peak frequency section and that induced by the high peak frequency section. There is a parabolic relationship between the GSLW and the wave envelope. Then the probability density function and the distribution function of the GSLW amplitude are derived. Thus the formulas for the average time duration and the mean length of runs can be derived. Good agreement between theoretical results and measured values was achieved. as verified with the measured double-peaked spectra in different regions.
文摘Two simple, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and Ezetimibe (EZ) in their bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method (I) is based on dual wavelength analysis while method (II) is the mean centering of ratio spectra spectrophotometric (MCR) method. In method (I), two wavelengths were selected for each drug in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for the second drug. At wavelengths 226.6 and 244 nm EZ had equal absorbance values; therefore, these two wavelengths have been used to determine ATR; on a similar basis 228.6 and 262.8 nm were selected to determine EZ in their binary mixtures. In method II, the absorption spectra of both ATR and EZ with different concentrations were recorded over the range 200-350, divided by the spectrum of suitable divisor of both ATR and EZ and then the obtained ratio spectra were mean centered. The concentrations of active components were then determined from the calibration graphs obtained by measuring the amplitudes at 215-260 nm (peak to peak) for both ATR and EZ. Accuracy and precision of the developed methods have been tested; in addition recovery studies have been carried out in order to confirm their accuracy. On the other hand, selectivities of the methods were tested by application for determination of different synthetic mixtures containing different ratios of the studied drugs. The developed methods have been successfully used for determination of ATR and EZ in their combined dosage form and statistical comparison of the developed methods with the reported spectrophotometric one using F and Student’s t-tests showed no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision.
基金Sponsored by the National High-tech R&D Program of China(Grant No.2009AA04Z404)
文摘Internal and external meshes are two of primary excitation sources which induce vibration while double-helical planetary gear sets are in transmission. Based on the analysis of tooth movement principle,three cases of mesh stiffness are derived via investigating the length of action lines,and catalogued in terms of β < β0,β = β0and β > β_0. The simulation demonstrates mesh stiffness between gear pairs performs as a trapezoid waveform( TW) and changes along with the line of action simultaneously,total mesh stiffness comes from the superposition of each engaged gear. While governing equations of motion contained 16 DOFs( degree of freedom) are constructed and effectively solved through the combination of numerical approaches. Comparing with sinusoidal waveform mesh stiffness( SW),the results show that dynamical factors and perturbation under the excitation of TW( β < β_0) are greater and remarkable than that from SW,with respect to the mean dynamic factors about 1. 51 and 1. 28,respectively. The fluctuation response between ring- planet( R- P) is stronger than sun-planet( S-P) which is also validated by both approach studies,frequency spectra analyses identifies larger distinct rotational resonance and more frequencies under TW excitation.
文摘Simple, accurate, sensitive and validated UV spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were developed for the determination of imidapril hydrochloride （IMD） in the presence of both its alkaline （AKN） and oxidative （OXI） degradation products and in its pharmaceutical formulation. Method A is the fourth derivative spectra （D4） which allows the determination of IMD in the presence of both AKN and OXD, in pure form and in tablets by measuring the peak amplitude at 243.0 nm. Methods B, C and D, manipulating ratio spectra, were also developed. Method B is the double divisor-ratio difference spectrophotometric one （DD-RD） by computing the difference between the amplitudes of IMD ratio spectra at 232 and 256.3 nm. Method C is the double divisor-first derivative of ratio spectra method （DD-DR1） at 243.2 nm, while method D is the mean centering of ratio spectra （MCR） at 288.0 nm. Methods A, B, C and D could successfully determine IMD in a concentration range of 4.0-32.0 mg/mL. Methods E and F are principal component regression （PCR） and partial least-squares （PLS）, respectively, for the simultaneous determination of IMD in the presence of both AKN and OXI, in pure form and in its tablets. The developed methods have the advantage of simultaneous determination of the cited components without any pre-treatment. The accuracy, precision and linearity ranges of the developed methods were determined. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of a reported HPLC method, and there was no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported method regarding both accuracy and precision.
基金Supported by the Key Technology of Fusion Reactor Radiation Protection Foundation(No.2014GB112005)
文摘A spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter(TEPC) for neutron monitoring has been developed. It was properly designed to produce a uniform electric field intensity around the anode wire. An internal ^(241)Am alpha source was adopted for lineal energy calibration. The TEPC was characterized in terms of dose equivalent response in a standard ^(252)Cf neutron field, and was tested with 2.45 MeV neutrons. Microdosimetric spectra, frequency mean lineal energy and dose-average mean lineal energy of 2.45 MeV neutrons were obtained and compared with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results. The measurement and simulation results agreed well. The mean quality factor and dose equivalent values evaluated from the 2.45 MeV neutron measurement were in good agreement with the recommended effective quality factor and ambient dose equivalent H*(10),respectively. Preliminary results have proved the availability of the developed TEPC for neutron monitoring.
