The Urban Singularity-Envisioning the Future of Cities

This paper is a hypothetical exploration of the connections between teleological evolution,the Omega Singularity,and the future of cities,weaving together insights from a diverse array of disciplines.Our investigation delves into the possibility that cities are evolving towards a Singularity,a state characterized by infinite knowledge,intelligence,and adaptability,which would bring about a radical transformation of urban environments and their underlying dynamics in the 21st century and beyond.At the heart of this exploration lies the role of language and time as crucial dimensions of the Urban Singularity.Moreover,we examine how linguistic developments and cross-cultural exchanges can foster more inclusive,adaptable,and resilient urban environments,while also highlighting the need for advanced technologies and communication modalities that can support the dynamic needs of future cities.Furthermore,the paper investigates the profound implications and transformative potential of merging human consciousness with the urban Singularity.By examining the interplay between these concepts,we seek for a deeper understanding of the potential trajectories and implications of these concepts for the transformation of human society and our relationship with the built environment.

Discrete vortex bound states with a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi level

A theoretical study on discrete vortex bound states is carried out near a vortex core in the presence of a van Hove singularity(VHS) near the Fermi level by solving Bogoliubov–de Gennes(Bd G) equations. When the VHS lies exactly at the Fermi level and also at the middle of the band, a zero-energy state and other higher-energy states whose energy ratios follow integer numbers emerge. These discrete vortex bound state peaks undergo a splitting behavior when the VHS or Fermi level moves away from the middle of the band. Such splitting behavior will eventually lead to a new arrangement of quantized vortex core states whose energy ratios follow half-odd-integer numbers.

Local singularity and S–A methods for analyzing ore-producing anomalies in the Jianbiannongchang area of Heilongjiang,China

The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and diverse geological background for mineralization.In this study,isometric logarithmic ratio(ILR)transformations of Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Sb contents were performed in the1:50,000 soil geochemical data of the Jianbiannongchang area.Robust principal component analysis(RPCA)was conducted based on ILR transformation.The local singularity and spectrum-area(S-A)methods were used to extract information on mineralogic anomalies.The results showed that:(1)the transformed data eliminated the influence of the original data closure effect,and the PC1and PC2 information obtained by applying RPCA reflected ore-producing element anomalies dominated by Au and Cu.(2)The local singularity method can enhance the information of the local strong and weak slow anomalies.After performing local singularity analysis on PC1 and PC2,the obtained local anomalies reflected the local singularity spatial anomaly patterns related to Cu and Au mineralization in this area,which is an effective method for trapping ore-producing anomalies.(3)Furthermore,the composite anomaly decomposition of PC1 and PC2 was performed using the S-A method,and the screened anomalous and background fields reflect the ore-producing anomalies related to Cu and Au mineralization.This information is in agreement with known Cu and Au mineralization.(4)The geochemical anomalies with mineralization potential were obtained outside the known mineralization sites by integrating the information of oreproducing anomalies extracted by the local singularity and S-A methods,providing the theoretical basis and exploration direction for future exploration in the study area.

Homo Faber Scapegoated, or Apocalyptic Artificial Intelligence: Rethinking the Technological Singularity Concept From the Synergetic Historicism Position

The article is focused on discussing a new methodological approach to the study on specifics of transferring human beings to the posthuman cyber society.The approach in question assists in rethinking interconnected problems both of human origins in the universe and mankind’s digital future.And,besides,such an approach allows to deal with self-organising interconversions between the poles of the cardinal dual opposition of the Global Noosphere Brain and the Artificial General Intelligence.Herewith such phenomena of digital social life as Global Digitalisation,Digital Immortality,Mindcloning,and Technological Zombification being the constituents of Technological Singularity Concept,are rethought as paving the way for oncoming Posthuman Digital Era.This concept is evidently exemplified by a bifurcation resulting in two alternatives to be chosen by human beings,to wit,either to be undergone Mindcloning and become digitally immortal or being destroyed by powerful intelligent machines.The investigation in question is based on such a progressive methodology as the Law of Self-Organizing Ideals,as well as on the Method of Dual Oppositions.Rethinking interrelationships between the problem of a sense of social history and the meaning-of-life of local societies members which any intelligent machine is devoid of permits to substantiate specific regularities of Self-Transforming Homo Faber into Homo Digitalis and Technological Zombies ready to be transferred to posthuman cyberspace.

Self-Awareness,a Singularity of AI

Self-awareness,or self-consciousness,refers to reflective recognition of the existence of“subjective-self”.Every person has a subjective-self from which the person observes and interacts with the world.In this article,we argue that self-consciousness is an enigmatic phenomenon unique in human intelligence.Unlike many other intelligent and conscious capabilities,self-consciousness is not possible to be achieved in electronic computers and robots.Self-consciousness is an odd-point of human intelligence and a singularity of artificial intelligence(AI).Man-made intelligence through software is not capable of self-consciousness;therefore,robots will never become a newly created species.Because of the lack of self-awareness,AI software,such as Watson,Alpha-zero,ChatGPT,and PaLM,will remain a tool of humans and will not dominate the human society no matter how smart it is.This singularity of AI makes us re-think humbly what the future AI is like,what kind of robots we are going to deal with,and the blessing and threat of AI on humanity.

ON THE SINGULARITY OF LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR FOR MEAN-REVERTING α-STABLE MOTIONS

We study the problem of parameter estimation for mean-reverting α-stable motion, dXt = （a0 - θ0Xt）dt ＋ dZt, observed at discrete time instants. A least squares estimator is obtained and its asymptotics is discussed in the singular case （a0, θ0） = （0, 0）. If a0 = 0, then the mean-reverting α-stable motion becomes Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and is studied in [7] in the ergodic case θ0 〉 0. For the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, asymptotics of the least squares estimators for the singular case （θ0 = 0） and for ergodic case （θ0 〉 0） are completely different.

Solution with Singularity of Order One for Singular Integral Equation with Hilbert Kernal

The basic sets of solutions in classH(orH *) for the characteristic equation and its adjoint equation with Hilbert kernel are given respectively. Thus the expressions of solutions and its solvable conditions are simplified. On this basis the solutions and the solvable conditions in classH 1 * as well as the generalized Noether theorem for the complete equation are obtained. Key words Hilbert kernel - solution with singularity of order one - basic set of solutions - Noether theorem - characteristic equation and its adjoint equation CLC number O 175.5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19971064) and Ziqiang Invention Foundation of Wuhan University (201990336)Biography: Zhong Shou-guo(1941-), male, Professor, research direction: singular integral equations and their applications.

COUPLING EFFECT OF FLEXIBLE JOINT AND FLEXIBLE LINK ON DYNAMIC SINGULARITY OF FLEXIBLE MANIPULATOR

The coupling effect of the flexible joint and the flexible link on the dynamic singularity of the flexible manipulator is addressed. Firstly, the dynamic equations of a flexible manipulator with a flexible joint and a flexible link are derived. Secondly, the relationship and property between the flexible joint and the flexible link are analyzed. It shows that the flexible joint＇s amplitude will increase abruptly, thereby the dynamic singularity occurs if the frequency of a flexible joint is near or equal to some natural frequency of a flexible link. Finally, some numerical simulations which will verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, are carded out. The results are fundamental for the design of a flexible manipulator and for the avoidance of the dynamic singularity.

Stress singularity analysis of anisotropic multi-material wedges under antiplane shear deformation using the symplectic approach

Symplectic approach has emerged a popular tool in dealing with elasticity problems especially for those with stress singularities. However, anisotropic material problem under polar coordinate system is still a bottleneck. This paper presents a subfield method coupled with the symplectic approach to study the anisotropic material under antiplane shear deformation. Anisotropic material around wedge tip is considered to be consisted of many subfields with constant material properties which can be handled by the symplectic approach individually. In this way, approximate solutions of the stress and displacement can be obtained. Numerical examples show that the present method is very accurate and efficient for such wedge problems. Besides, this paper has extended the application of the symplectic approach and provides a new idea for wedge problems of anisotropic material.

PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION OF SINGULARITY LOCI OF GOUGHSTEWART MANIPULATOR

The problem of identifying the property of singularity loci of Gough-Stewart manipulators is addressed. After constructing the Jacobian matrix of the Gough-Stewart manipulator, a cubic polynomial expression in the mobile platform position parameters, which represents the constantorientation singularity locus of the manipulator, is derived. Graphical representations of the singularity locus of the manipulator for different orientations are illustrated with examples. Further, the singularity locus of the manipulator in the principal-section, where the mobile platform lies, is analyzed. It shows that singularity loci of the ,manipulator in parallel principal-sections are all quadratic expressions including a parabola, four pairs of intersecting straight lines and infinite hwerbolas. Their geometric and kinematic properties are also researched as well.

Targeted Sub-Attomole Cancer Biomarker Detection Based on Phase Singularity 2D Nanomaterial-Enhanced Plasmonic Biosensor

Detection of small cancer biomarkers with low molecular weight and a low concentration range has always been challenging yet urgent in many clinical applications such as diagnosing early-stage cancer,monitoring treatment and detecting relapse.Here,a highly enhanced plasmonic biosensor that can overcome this challenge is developed using atomically thin two-dimensional phase change nanomaterial.By precisely engineering the configuration with atomically thin materials,the phase singularity has been successfully achieved with a significantly enhanced lateral position shift effect.Based on our knowledge,it is the first experimental demonstration of a lateral position signal change>340μm at a sensing interface from all optical techniques.With this enhanced plasmonic effect,the detection limit has been experimentally demonstrated to be 10^(-15) mol L^(−1) for TNF-α cancer marker,which has been found in various human diseases including inflammatory diseases and different kinds of cancer.The as-reported novel integration of atomically thin Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5) with plasmonic substrate, which results in a phase singularity and thus a giant lateral position shift, enables the detection of cancer markers with low molecular weight at femtomolar level. These results will definitely hold promising potential in biomedical application and clinical diagnostics.

Z_n-EQUIVARIANT SINGULARITY THEORY

The basic concepts, normal forms and universal unfoldings of Zn-equivariant singularity are investigated in the present paper. As an example, the normal forms and universal unfoldings of Zi-singularity are formulated. As a matter of fact, the theory provides a useful tool to study the subharmonic resonance bifurcation of the periodic parameter-excited system.

FORMATION OF SINGULARITY FOR COMPRESSIBLE VISCOELASTICITY

The formation of singularity and breakdown of classical solutions to the three- dimensional compressible viscoelasticity and inviscid elasticity are considered. For the compressible inviscid elastic fluids, the finite-time formation of singularity in classical solu- tions is proved for certain initial data. For the compressible viscoelastic fluids, a criterion in term of the temporal integral of the velocity gradient is obtained for the breakdown of smooth solutions.

THE ASYMPTOTIC EXPRESSION OF THE SOLUTION OF THE CAUCHY’S PROBLEM FOR A HIGHER ORDER LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WHEN THE LIMIT EQUATION HAS SINGULARITY

In this paper we consider the asymptotic expression of the solution of the Cauchy’sproblem for a higher order equation when the limit equation has singularity. In orderto construct the asymptotic expression of the solution, the region is divided into threesub-areas. In every small region, the solution of the differential equation is different.

Analyzing Some Elements of Technological Singularity Using Regression Methods

Technological advancement has contributed immensely to human life and society.Technologies like industrial robots,artificial intelligence,and machine learning are advancing at a rapid pace.While the evolution of Artificial Intelligence has contributed significantly to the development of personal assistants,automated drones,smart home devices,etc.,it has also raised questions about the much-anticipated point in the future where machines may develop intelligence that may be equal to or greater than humans,a term that is popularly known as Technological Singularity.Although technological singularity promises great benefits,past research works on Artificial Intelligence(AI)systems going rogue highlight the downside of Technological Singularity and assert that it may lead to catastrophic effects.Thus,there is a need to identify factors that contribute to technological advancement and may ultimately lead to Technological Singularity in the future.In this paper,we identify factors such as Number of scientific publications in Artificial Intelligence,Number of scientific publications in Machine Learning,Dynamic RAM(Random Access Memory)Price,Number of Transistors,and Speed of Computers’Processors,and analyze their effects on Technological Singularity using Regression methods(Multiple Linear Regression and Simple Linear Regression).The predictive ability of the models has been validated using PRESS and k-fold cross-validation.Our study shows that academic advancement in AI and ML and Dynamic RAM prices contribute significantly to Technological Singularity.Investigating the factors would help researchers and industry experts comprehend what leads to Technological Singularity and,if needed,how to prevent undesirable outcomes.

Analysis and Application of the Singularity Locus of the Stewart Platform

The direct use of the determinant of Jacobian matrix being equal to zero for the singularity analysis is generally difficult which is due to complexity of the Jacobian matrix of 6-DOF parallel manipulators,especially for Stewart platform.Recently,several scholars make their great contribution to the effective solution of this problem,but neither of them find the right answer.This paper gives a brief analysis of the kinematics of the Stewart platform and derives the Jacobian matrices of the system through the velocity equation.On the basis of the traditional classification of singularities,the second type of singularity is investigated.An assumption of any three of the six variables of the Stewart platform as constant is made,then the analytical expression of singularity locus equation of the second type singularity which contains another three pose variables is obtained.The singularity locus is represented in the three-dimensional space through the derived equation.The correctness and validity of the proposed method are verified through examples.Finally,the singularity analysis of an electric Stewart platform in its desired workspace and reachable workspace is implemented.Thus,one can easily identify whether singularity exists in a given workspace of a Stewart platform and determine whether the existed singularity can be avoided through the proposed method.The proposed method also provides theoretical principle for the design and application of the Stewart platform and has great significance for the trajectory planning and control.

METH0D USED IN SINGULARITY RESEARCH BASED 0N KINEMATICS AND ITS EXAMPLE IN APPLICATION

First the kinematic principle of singularity is proved, that is theintersecting point of three normal planes of three velocities at three non-collinear points in arigid body lying in the plane determined by the three corresponding points. It is a sufficient andnecessary condition that the velocities of three non-collinear points in a rigid body can determinea screw motion of the body. Based on this principle, a simple and direct new method to distinguishthe singularity of the parallel manipulator is derived. With this new kinematic method, the 3-RPSparallel manipulator is studied. Its singularity loci are obtained for some orientations for thefirst time and verified with Grassmann line geometry and screw theory and the force Jacobian matrix.

Variation of singularity of earthquake-size distribution with respect to tectonic regime

Frequency-size relation of earthquakes in a region can be approximated by the Gutenberg-Richter law(GR). This power-law model involves two parameters: a-value measuring seismic activity or earthquake productivity, and b-value describing the relation between frequencies of small and large earthquakes.The spatial and temporal variations of these two parameters, especially the b-value, have been substantially investigated. For example, it has been shown that b-value depends inversely on differential stress. The b-value has also been utilized as earthquake precursor in large earthquake prediction.However, the physical meaning and properties of b-value including its value range still remain as an open fundamental question. We explore the property of b-value from frequency-size GR model in a new form which relates average energy release and probability of large earthquakes. Based on this new form of GR relation the b-value can be related to the singularity index(1-2/3 b) of fractal energy-probability power-law model. This model as applied to the global database of earthquakes with size M ≥ 5 from 1964 to 2015 indicates a systematic increase of singularity from earthquakes occurring on mid-ocean ridges, to those in subduction zones and in collision zones.

Reciprocal Screw Theory Based Singularity Analysis of a Novel 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator

Singularity analysis is an essential issue for the development and application of parallel manipulators.Most of the existing researches focus on the singularity of parallel manipulators are carried out based on the study of Jacobian matrices.A 3-DOF parallel manipulator with symmetrical structure is presented.The novel parallel manipulator employs only revolute joints and consists of four closed-loop subchains connecting to both base and platform via revolute joints.The closed-loop subchain in each chain-leg is a spherical 6R linkage.The motion characteristics of the output link in the spherical 6R linkage with symmetrical structure are analyzed based on the interrelationships between screw systems.The constraints that are exerted on the platform by each chain-leg are investigated applying the concept of generalized kinematic pair in terms of equivalent screw system.Considering the geometric characteristics of the parallel manipulator,the singularity criteria of the parallel manipulator corresponding to different configurations are revealed based on the dependency of screw system and line geometry.The existing conditions of certain configuration that a singularity must occur are determined.This paper presents a new way of singularity analysis based on disposition of constraint forces on the geometrically identified constraint plane and the proposed approach is capable of avoiding the complexity in solving the Jacobian matrices.

STUDY OF REGULARITY OF GENERAL-LINEAR-COMPLEX SINGULARITY OF 3/6-STEWART MECHANISM

The general-linear-complex singularity of Stewart mechanism is a veryimportant problem in the parallel manipulator. Its general regularity is not found yet during thepast two decades. St-Onge and Gosselin pointed Out that the singularity locus of the Stewartmechanism at some given orientations of the moving platform should be polynomial expressions withvaried degrees in 2000, but they didn't formulate the expression. Based on the kinematicssingularity principle and the geometry condition proposed by Huang Zhen in 1999, firstly thesingularity equation in degree two is derived. It is a hyperbola when the orientation of the movingplatform is given. This result is also proved using screw theory. Then some singularity surfaces aregotten in three-dimensional space. This result is of important significance.