A New Device for Gas-Liquid Flow Measurements Relying on Forced Annular Flow

A new measurement device,consisting of swirling blades and capsule-shaped throttling elements,is proposed in this study to eliminate typical measurement errors caused by complex flow patterns in gas-liquid flow.The swirling blades are used to transform the complex flow pattern into a forced annular flow.Drawing on the research of existing blockage flow meters and also exploiting the single-phase flow measurement theory,a formula is introduced to measure the phase-separated flow of gas and liquid.The formula requires the pressure ratio,Lockhart-Martinelli number(L-M number),and the gas phase Froude number.The unknown parameters appearing in the formula are fitted through numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),which involves a comprehensive analysis of the flow field inside the device from multiple perspectives,and takes into account the influence of pressure fluctuations.Finally,the measurement model is validated through an experimental error analysis.The results demonstrate that the measurement error can be maintained within±8%for various flow patterns,including stratified flow,bubble flow,and wave flow.

Impact of Migrant Populations on Tuberculosis Rates in Saudi Arabia: Assessing How Migration Patterns Affect TB Incidence and Control Measures: A Narrative Review

This research focuses on the effects of migration on the TB infection rate and its prevention in Saudi Arabia, which has a large number of expatriates from TB-affected countries. Despite, based on the current global statistics of TB occurrence, it is evident that the national incidence of TB has reduced from 10.55 per 100,000 in 2015 to 8.36 per 100,000 in 2019;despite this, there are still some difficulties because migrants bring new strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hindrances, including language barriers and perceived immigration status, hinder patients from seeking medical attention or doctors from diagnosing diseases. Each patient and each cultural group need special attention to public health, enhancing living circumstances, and health care support. Community participation, inclusion of TB control programs into functional healthcare facilities, and the functioning of TB programs need to be stressed to address TB issues. Considering the focus on social, economic, and cultural approaches, the country can make severe advancements in TB control and population protection. This holistic analysis is critical for a long-term effective strategy to combat TB in the Kingdom.

Instrument Automation Control System Faults and Maintenance

This article explores the topic of fault diagnosis and maintenance strategies for instrument automation control systems,analyzing them through specific cases.The aim of this research is to improve the stability and reliability of the system by conducting a thorough investigation of faults and maintenance in instrument automation control systems.By doing so,this research hopes to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of industrial production.

Automatic measurement of air-pressure sensor based on two-pressure control instrument

To measure the performance of high precision air-pressure sensors in below normal pressure,an automatic measurement instrument has been designed and implemented.It can simulate environment of low pressure from 300hPa to 1 000hPa with high accuracy by proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control quickly,and it can also generate various relative humidity by two-pressure control.The results show that this instrument can reach controlled pressure quickly.And it works well with the minimum average pressure difference,and the fluctuation is±0.02hPa at 500hPa.And it can keep in a stable status for a long time.It works well in performance testing of pressure sensors.The structure of the system is simple,takes small investment,and can be operated conveniently.

INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL CONTROL:MEASURING INSTRUMENT FROM WHOLE TO PART

A new concept called intelligent virtual control (IVC), which can be drivenby measuring functions, is put forward. This small 'intelligent measurement instrument unit (IMIU)',carrying with functions of instrument, consists of different types of intelligent virtualinstrument (IVI) through individual components together as building blocks and can be displayeddirectly on the computer screen. This is a new concept of measuring instrument, and also animportant breakthrough after virtual instrument (VI). Virtual control makes instrument resourcesobtain further exploitation. It brings about a fundamental change to the design and manufacturingmode. The instrument therefore, can not only be produced directly inside a PC, but the product isinvolved in the 'green product' system. So far, all the present digital instruments will grow to bereplaced by intelligent control with green characteristics.

RESEARCH ON MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT-ORIENTED INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL CONTROLS

Intelligent virtual control (IVC) is an intelligent measurement instrumentunit with the function of actual measurement instruments, and the unit can be used as basic buildingblock for a variety of more complex virtual measurement instruments on a PC. IVC is a furtheradvancement from virtual instrument (VI), and it fuses the function modules and the controls modulesso that the relationship between the functions and controls of an instrument is imbedded in one ormore units. The design, implementation and optimization methods of IVCs are introduced. The computersoftware representation of IVCs is discussed. An example of an actual VI constructed with thebuilding blocks of IVCs is given.

Behavior Measurement Model Based on Prediction and Control of Trusted Network

In order to construct the trusted network and realize the trust of network behavior,a new multi-dimensional behavior measurement model based on prediction and control is presented.By using behavior predictive equation,individual similarity function,group similarity function,direct trust assessment function,and generalized predictive control,this model can guarantee the trust of an end user and users in its network.Compared with traditional measurement model,the model considers different characteristics of various networks.The trusted measurement policies established according to different network environments have better adaptability.By constructing trusted group,the threats to trusted group will be reduced greatly.Utilizing trusted group to restrict individuals in network can ensure the fault tolerance of trustworthiness of trusted individuals and group.The simulation shows that this scheme can support behavior measurement more efficiently than traditional ones and the model resists viruses and Trojans more efficiently than older ones.

Controlled teleportation of high-dimension quantumstates with generalized Bell-state measurement

In this paper a scheme for controlled teleportation of arbitrary high-dimensional unknown quantum states is proposed by using the generalized Bell-basis measurement and the generalized Hadamard transformation. As two special cases, two schemes of controlled teleportation of an unknown single-qutrit state and an unknown two-qutrit state are investigated in detail. In the first scheme, a maximally entangled three-qutrit state is used as the quantum channel, while in the second scheme, an entangled two-qutrit state and an entangled three-qutrit state are employed as the quantum channels. In these schemes, an unknown qutrit state can be teleported to either one of two receivers, but only one of them can reconstruct the qutrit state with the help of the other. Based on the case of qutrits, a scheme of controlled teleportation of an unknown qudit state is presented.

Measurement and control system for servo pressure pulse testing equipment

Servo pressure pulse testing equipment uses servo-hydraulic technology to build the model of hydraulic system. By improving measurement and control system, the equipment accomplishes signal acquisition, data processing and process con- trol. LabVIEW and programmable logic controller （PLC） are used to carry out the hardware configuration and software de- velopment. The system can communicate between LabVIEW and PLC by virtual instrumentation software architecture （VI- SA） and run automatically in accordance with setting commands. Therefore, accuracy and performance of the equipment are improved.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Spectral Test Instrument for Color Vision Measurement

Common displays such as CRT or LCD screens have limited capabilities in displaying most color spectra correctly. The main disadvantage of these devices is that they work with three primaries and the colors displayed are the mixture of these three colours. Consequently these devices can be confusing in testing human color identification, because the spectral distribution of the colors displayed is the combined spectrum of the three primaries. We have developed a new instrument for spectrally correct color vision measurement. This instrument uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is capable of producing all spectra of perceivable colors, thus with appropriate test methods this instrument can be a reliable and useful tool in test~ing human color vision and in verifying color vision correction.

Novel Distance Measures on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based on Equal-Probability Transformation and Their Application in Decision Making on Intersection Traffic Control

The purpose of this study is to reduce the uncertainty in the calculation process on hesitant fuzzy sets(HFSs).The innovation of this study is to unify the cardinal numbers of hesitant fuzzy elements(HFEs)in a special way.Firstly,a probability density function is assigned for any given HFE.Thereafter,equal-probability transformation is introduced to transform HFEs with different cardinal numbers on the condition into the same probability density function.The characteristic of this transformation is that the higher the consistency of the membership degrees in HFEs,the higher the credibility of the mentioned membership degrees is,then,the bigger the probability density values for them are.According to this transformation technique,a set of novel distance measures on HFSs is provided.Finally,an illustrative example of intersection traffic control is introduced to show the usefulness of the given distance measures.The example also shows that this study is a good complement to operation theories on HFSs.

Hygienic and Dietary Measures in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients Followed at the Douala General Hospital: Knowledge, Compliance and Effect on Blood Pressure Control

Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients led us to study the knowledge, compliance and effect of HDMs among Cameroonian hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital;the census of patients was carried out from 05 March to 10 May 2018. The data evaluated were knowledge and compliance with HDMs with an inference of their effect on blood pressure control. Results: We recruited 330 participants at mean age of 60 ± 11 years, 37.9% men;57.3% with blood pressure (BP) controlled. Out of 330 subjects, 308 (93.3%) who had been educated about dietary health measures for hypertension were assessed on knowledge, compliance and effect of these measures against 22 (6.7%) who had never heard about them. Around 85.7% of participants had good knowledge of HDMs and 78.9% had good compliance with them. There was no statistically significant influence of knowledge and compliance with HDMs on blood pressure control. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and adherence to HDMs of hypertensive patients at the Douala General Hospital was appreciable. It is however appropriate for physicians to intensify patient education on HDMs and BP control.

H-infinity measurement-feedback control for discrete-time systems with a single measurement delay

H-infinity control problem for linear discrete-time systems with instantaneous and delayed measurements is studied. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the H-infinity controller is derived by applying reorganized innovation analysis approach in Krein space. The measurement-feedback controller is designed by performing two Riccati equations. The presented approach does not require the state augmentation.

PRECISE INTEGRATION METHOD FOR LQG OPTIMAL MEASUREMENT FEEDBACK CONTROL PROBLEM

By using the precise integration method, the numerical solution of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control problem was discussed. Based on the separation principle, the LQG central problem decomposes, or separates, into an optimal state-feedback control problem and an optimal state estimation problem. That is the off-line solution of two sets of Riccati differential equations and the on-line integration solution of the state vector from a set of time-variant differential equations. The present algorithms are not only appropriate to solve the two-point boundary-value problem and the corresponding Riccati differential equation, but also can be used to solve the estimated state from the time-variant differential equations. The high precision of precise integration is of advantage for the control and estimation. Numerical examples demonstrate the high precision and effectiveness of the algorithm.

Occurrence Characteristics and Prevention and Control Measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize

Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Sporadic Measurements

This paper deals with the problem of active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with sporadic measurements.A novel extended state observer(ESO)is designed in a cascade form consisting of a continuous time estimator,a continuous observation error predictor,and a reset compensator.The proposed ESO estimates not only the system state but also the total uncertainty,which may include the effects of the external perturbation,the parametric uncertainty,and the unknown nonlinear dynamics.Such a reset compensator,whose state is reset to zero whenever a new measurement arrives,is used to calibrate the predictor.Due to the cascade structure,the resulting error dynamics system is presented in a non-hybrid form,and accordingly,analyzed in a general sampled-data system framework.Based on the output of the ESO,a continuous ADRC law is then developed.The convergence of the resulting closed-loop system is proved under given conditions.Two numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Study on DeviceNet communication mechanism and its application in protection measurement and control system

To fit in with the developing requirement of int and communication of protective relays, a protection egrated functions of protection measurement, control measurement and control system based on DeviceNet fieldbus is designed. The communication mechanism of DeviceNet is studied and data trigger modes, communication connection, message types and other key technologies are analyzed. The object modeling and device description of the device are realized too. Results of network test, dynamic simulation and test in the field indicate that this system can accomplish all the communication tasks in real time and can make precise response to every kind of faults of the motor, transformer, line and capacitor. Moreover, this system has higher measurement precision and better control capability.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL DD-1 INSTRUMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY

This paper recommends a kind of instrument for the measurement of electrolytic conductivity The instrument can automatically monitor and control the ingredient and density of industrial fluid . It works under the principle of AC unbalanced bridge and has many tunctions such asteinperature automatic compensation ,multi-singals input ,continuous recorder and alarm output . Amicro-processor is adopted as the center unit of system, which makes the instrument more flexibleand advanced. It can provide either linear output or non -linear output. The whole system is verysimple and compact in structure ,The practical application in Daqing General Petro-Chemical Worksshows that model DD-1 instrument for the measurement of electrolytic conductivity has advantages of intelligent design , convenient use, reliable work, high accuracy and good autoinatic lemperaturccompensation .

Dynamics of super-quantum discord and direct control with weak measurement in open quantum system

Super-quantum discord（SQD） with weak measurement is regarded as a kind of quantum correlation in quantum information processing. We compare and analyze the dynamical evolutions of SQD, quantum discord（QD）, and quantum entanglement（QE） between two qubits in the correlated dephasing environmental model. The results indicate that（i） owing to the much smaller influence of weak measurement on the coherence of the system than that of von Neumann projection measurement, SQD with weak measurement is larger than QD, and（ii） dynamical evolution of QD or QE monotonically goes to zero with time, while SQD monotonically tends to a stable value and a freezing phenomenon occurs. The stable value after freezing mainly depends on the measurement strength and the purity of the initial quantum state.