Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occu...Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Different methods of measuring a propagating laser beam quality are summarized.The disadvantages in traditional way in measuring a laser beam quality is analyzed and the insufficiencies of the Shack-Hartmannin method ...Different methods of measuring a propagating laser beam quality are summarized.The disadvantages in traditional way in measuring a laser beam quality is analyzed and the insufficiencies of the Shack-Hartmannin method which is commonly using wave front technique at present is pointed out.Finally,the transmission intensity equation based(TIE-based)measuring way in a laser beam quality evaluation and the corresponding advantages are discussed,which is believed to be a deve-l oping trend in laser beam evaluation.展开更多
目的比较不同部位骨密度测定对老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨量变化的诊断价值,并探讨影响糖尿病患者骨密度值的相关因素。方法骨量正常的门诊老年男性2型糖尿病患者97例,按年龄分成三组,其中60～69岁组共25例,70～79岁组共37例,80岁以上组...目的比较不同部位骨密度测定对老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨量变化的诊断价值,并探讨影响糖尿病患者骨密度值的相关因素。方法骨量正常的门诊老年男性2型糖尿病患者97例,按年龄分成三组,其中60～69岁组共25例,70～79岁组共37例,80岁以上组共35例。比较三组间左侧股骨颈、右侧股骨颈、L1、L2、L3、L4部位的骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)及T值差异,找出反映不同年龄组间骨量变化的敏感部位。探讨老年男性2型糖尿病患者的年龄、病程、体重指数(Body mass index,BMI)、合并用药、血钙(Calcium,Ca)、血磷(Phosphorus,P)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、空腹血糖(Fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后血糖(Postprandial blood glucose,PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、血压(Blood pressure,BP)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,Tg)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,Tc)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)与骨密度值的相关性。使用相关及回归分析判断影响骨密度变化的独立危险因素。结果 1、左侧股骨颈测定的骨密度值及T值在不同年龄组间及每两组之间差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05),随年龄增加骨密度值及T值逐渐降低。2、相关分析显示,老年男性2型糖尿病患者的左侧股骨颈骨密度与年龄、糖尿病病程、FPG、PPG、HbA1c、P、ALP、应用噻唑烷二酮类(Thiazolidinediones,TZDs)呈负相关,与BMI呈正相关。回归分析可见,年龄、病程、BMI、HbA1c、使用噻唑烷二酮类是影响老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度的独立危险因素。结论对老年男性2型糖尿病患者,左侧股骨颈部位的骨密度测定能较好的反映骨量随年龄的丢失程度。高龄、低体重、较长的糖尿病病程、较高的HbA1c、使用噻唑烷二酮类药物等可能会增加老年男性2型糖尿病患者的骨量丢失。展开更多
文摘Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973Plan) (No.2010CB327806)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61070165)
文摘Different methods of measuring a propagating laser beam quality are summarized.The disadvantages in traditional way in measuring a laser beam quality is analyzed and the insufficiencies of the Shack-Hartmannin method which is commonly using wave front technique at present is pointed out.Finally,the transmission intensity equation based(TIE-based)measuring way in a laser beam quality evaluation and the corresponding advantages are discussed,which is believed to be a deve-l oping trend in laser beam evaluation.
文摘目的比较不同部位骨密度测定对老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨量变化的诊断价值,并探讨影响糖尿病患者骨密度值的相关因素。方法骨量正常的门诊老年男性2型糖尿病患者97例,按年龄分成三组,其中60～69岁组共25例,70～79岁组共37例,80岁以上组共35例。比较三组间左侧股骨颈、右侧股骨颈、L1、L2、L3、L4部位的骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)及T值差异,找出反映不同年龄组间骨量变化的敏感部位。探讨老年男性2型糖尿病患者的年龄、病程、体重指数(Body mass index,BMI)、合并用药、血钙(Calcium,Ca)、血磷(Phosphorus,P)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、空腹血糖(Fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后血糖(Postprandial blood glucose,PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、血压(Blood pressure,BP)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,Tg)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,Tc)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)与骨密度值的相关性。使用相关及回归分析判断影响骨密度变化的独立危险因素。结果 1、左侧股骨颈测定的骨密度值及T值在不同年龄组间及每两组之间差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05),随年龄增加骨密度值及T值逐渐降低。2、相关分析显示,老年男性2型糖尿病患者的左侧股骨颈骨密度与年龄、糖尿病病程、FPG、PPG、HbA1c、P、ALP、应用噻唑烷二酮类(Thiazolidinediones,TZDs)呈负相关,与BMI呈正相关。回归分析可见,年龄、病程、BMI、HbA1c、使用噻唑烷二酮类是影响老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度的独立危险因素。结论对老年男性2型糖尿病患者,左侧股骨颈部位的骨密度测定能较好的反映骨量随年龄的丢失程度。高龄、低体重、较长的糖尿病病程、较高的HbA1c、使用噻唑烷二酮类药物等可能会增加老年男性2型糖尿病患者的骨量丢失。
