A Deeper Understanding of the CO_(2)Emission Pathway Under China’s Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals

Achieving carbon neutrality is crucial in dealing with climate change and containing the increase in global temperature at below 1.5℃compared with preindustrial levels.During the general debate at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020,President Xi Jinping announced that China would adopt more vigorous policies and measures against climate change.

A correlation analysis of BroselowTM Pediatric Emergency Tape-determined pediatric weight with actual pediatric weight in India

BACKGROUND:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape indicates standardized,precalculated medication doses,dose delivery volumes,and equipment sizes using color-coded zones based on height-weight correlations.The present study attempted to provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape by comparing the tape-estimated weights with actual weights.We hypothesized that the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape would overestimate weights in Indian children aged<10 years,leading to inaccurate dosing and equipment sizing in the emergency setting.METHODS:This prospective study of pediatric patients aged<10 years who were divided into three groups based on actual body weight:<10 kg,10–18 kg,and>18 kg.We calculated the percentage difference between the Broselow-predicted weight and the measured weight as a measure of tape bias.Concordant results were those with a mean percent difference within 3%.Standard deviation was measured to determine precision.Accuracy was determined as color-coded zone prediction and measured weight concordance,including the percentage overestimation by 1–2 zones.RESULTS:The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 1.3:1.Total agreement between colorcoding was 63.18%(κ=0.582).The Broselow?color-coded zone agreement was 74.8%in the<10kg group,61.24%in the 10–18 kg group,and 53.42%in the>18 kg group.CONCLUSIONS:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape showed good evidence for being more reliable in children of the<10 kg and 10–18 kg groups.However,as pediatric weight increased,predictive reliability decreased.This raises concerns over the use of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape in Indian children because body weight was overestimated in those weighing>18 kg.

The Occurrence Mechanism of Geological Disasters and Countermeasures in a Certain Area

In recent years, natural disasters in China have occurred frequently, especially large disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts, which have posed a serious threat to local public safety. In addition, the geological environment of local mountainous areas in China is complex and diverse, and climate change is large. Considering the dynamic coupling effect of rainfall conditions to stimulate geological disasters, this paper takes dynamic risk assessment technology as the guide, constructs a dynamic risk early warning model of geological disasters, establishes a prototype system, realizes dynamic risk assessment and emergency early warning of geological disasters at the regional level, and provides feasible technical support for targeted emergency disaster prevention. At the same time, the investigation and evaluation, mechanism research and monitoring and early warning related to the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters are important tasks that cannot be ignored, an important link in the emergency response system for geological disasters, and a key stage process to guide scientific disaster prevention. On the basis of exploring the mechanism and catastrophic effect of rainfall to stimulate landslides and mudslides, we will carry out in-depth research on disaster prevention countermeasures such as systematic engineering disposal, monitoring and early warning.

Simulation of fire emergency evacuation in a large-passenger-flow subway station based on the on-site measured data of Shenzhen Metro

Because of its large capacity,high efficiency and energy savings,the subway has gradually become the primary mode of transportation for citizens.A high density of passengers exists within a large-passenger-flow subway station,and the number of casualties and injuries during a fire emergency is substantial.In this paper,Pathfinder software and on-site measured data of Pingzhou station in Shenzhen(China)were utilized to simulate a fire emergency evacuation in a large-passenger-flow subway station.The Required Safe Egress Time(RSET),number of passengers and flow rates of stairs and escalators were analysed for three fire evacuation scenarios:train fire,platform fire and hall fire.The evacuation time of the train fire,which was 1173 s,was the longest,and 3621 occupants needed to evacuate when the train was fully loaded.Occupants could not complete the evacuation within 6 mins in all three fire evacuation scenarios,which does not meet the current standard requirements and codes.By changing the number of passengers and the number of stairs for evacuation,the flow rate capacity and evacuation time were explored,which have reference values for safety management and emergency evacuation plan optimization during peak hours of subway operation.

General election effect on the network topology of Pakistan’s stock market: network-based study of a political event

To examine the interdependency and evolution of Pakistan’s stock market,we consider the cross-correlation coefficients of daily stock returns belonging to the blue chip Karachi stock exchange(KSE-100)index.Using the minimum spanning tree network-based method,we extend the financial network literature by examining the topological properties of the network and generating six minimum spanning tree networks around three general elections in Pakistan.Our results reveal a star-like structure after the general elections of 2018 and before those in 2008,and a tree-like structure otherwise.We also highlight key nodes,the presence of different clusters,and compare the differences between the three elections.Additionally,the sectorial centrality measures reveal economic expansion in three industrial sectors—cement,oil and gas,and fertilizers.Moreover,a strong overall intermediary role of the fertilizer sector is observed.The results indicate a structural change in the stock market network due to general elections.Consequently,through this analysis,policy makers can focus on monitoring key nodes around general elections to estimate stock market stability,while local and international investors can form optimal diversification strategies.

Performance of Risk Measures in Portfolio Construction on Central and South-East European Emerging Markets

Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Selected countries are members of EU, except Croatia and Turkey which have candidate status. Empirical part of this paper consists of three stages;at first descriptive statistic on stock returns was performed, afterwards different risk measures were employed in portfolio construction and in the last part, portfolios were tested in the out-of-sample period. Results indicate presence of extreme kurtosis and skewness in stock return series. Resulting portfolios incorporate stocks with extremely high kurtosis and stocks with negative skewness. Portfolio construction based only on risk and return results in major exposure to extreme returns and unsatisfactory portfolio out of sample results.

The Application of the Emerging Market Score Model in China During the Global Crisis Period： A Countertrend

The global economic crisis that blew up at the end of 2006 in the United States has had extremely negative impacts on the social, political, and economic fields. The countries operating in the most affected macro areas---the United States and Europe---have put through the wringer the domestic trade relationships as well as the international ones, by injecting a chain reaction into the global economic scenario. However, there are countries that seem to be free from the economic and financial contagion overflowing over the past years, as they are moved by an ＂invincible projection toward the growth＂. The present study aims to analyze how much the main emerging market of China has been effectively involved in this vicious circle. More specifically, the study intends to propose an empirical analysis on the real connection between the macroecnnomic data and the strong structure of the Chinese publicly listed companies. This paper investigates the prediction of failure among 3,220 Chinese publicly traded companies （listed companies） during the global crisis period. By analysing the financial accounting data over the past seven years （2008 to 2014）, the emerging market score （EMS） has been adopted in order to investigate the impact of the crisis on financial distress in the main emerging market of China. The results confirm the following hypotheses： On one hand, the great majority of companies have not been suffering the downturn, since 71.93% of the entire samples present no risk of financial distress during the global crisis; on the other hand, only 6.18% have a reasonable risk of financial distress.

Stability Monitoring and Control of Generation Based on the Synchronized Measurements in Nodes of Its Connection

Synchronized distributed measurements of mode parameters create a technical feasibility for development and implementing new technologies of control the mode stability and the admissibility of EPS （electric power system） mode. Discussion will focus on different models obtained from data synchronized measurements for operational and automatic emergency control without EPS being totally controlled. According to the proposed technology, the generator＇s output power restrictions are determined in real-time by the terms a static stability using the generators＇ mode model as a multipole with connection nodes of generators＇ electromotive forces （the matrix of SMA （self and mutual admittances） of electromotive forces of generators）. Potential applications of the technology are distribution network with the main substation and generators of commensurable capacity, and transmission network with large power plants （generators） distributed into the network. The one-level control system for all of generators with defining the generator＇s power limits relative to the main substation is implemented in the first case. In the second case, the two-level control system is brought in, based on the separation of large and small generation motion. The results of the method and technology efficiency verification are shown in the paper, by both computer simulations of the power system modes and its physical model.

持续质量改进对急诊科低年资护士急救应急能力的影响

目的:探讨持续质量改进对急诊科低年资护士急救应急能力的影响。方法:选取2022年6月—12月我院急诊科13名低年资护士作为研究对象,并实施持续质量改进,共实施6个月。比较实施前后低年资护士的急救知识、急救技能、应急能力等成绩考核情况。结果:实施持续质量改进后,低年资护士的急救理论考核成绩[(90.94±5.79)分]高于实施前[(60.14±6.88)分],急救技能考核成绩[(91.21±8.68)分]高于实施前[(55.15±3.97)分],急救应急能力考核成绩均高于实施前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:持续质量改进可提高急诊科低年资护士的急救理论和急救技能水平,从而有效提高急救应急能力,不仅培养了低年资护士的综合素养,还有利于提高急诊科护理质量,具有重要的研究价值。

城市院前急救医疗服务点空间特征分析及优化

院前急救医疗服务一直是城市医疗公共服务建设的重要内容,其城市院前急救医疗站点空间分布合理与否,直接影响急救医疗服务的效用。本文综合利用地理国情数据、交通大数据和统计数据,提出了以出行便利度、均等度、人口覆盖度和人口协调度4个空间测度,对急救医疗站点的空间分布特征进行分析的方法,用于识别现有站点布局存在的问题。针对存在的问题,结合现有站点和潜在站点,研究了全局和局部优化方法。以合肥市为例进行验证,结果表明站点空间特征分析方法能够有效识别现有站点布局存在的问题,站点布局优化的结果能够有效提高服务效用。

基于三维主题特征测度的新兴主题识别研究

识别领域新兴主题有利于及时跟踪领域发展的最新动态,为科研工作者的选题以及科研管理者的决策提供情报支撑。本文提出一种基于三维主题特征测度的新兴主题识别方法,基于BERTopic对领域语义知识进行主题建模,以文献为基本单位进行主题表示,构建基于时间、引用和关联的三维主题特征指标框架,用于新兴主题识别;并以文本分类领域为例,验证本文方法的可行性与有效性。研究发现,以文献为基本单位表示主题能辅助主题深入挖掘,三维主题特征指标框架具有较好的适应性与扩展性,本文提出的新兴主题识别方法存在泛化应用的参考价值。在理论层面,能为新兴主题识别的相关研究提供一种可参考的方法和思路;在实践层面,可作为一种参考工具应用于科技情报分析、领域发展态势分析等场景。

突发事件下欧盟农业生产和贸易:发展、应对与启示

2020年以来,新冠肺炎疫情、俄乌冲突、极端天气等突发事件对欧盟农业生产和农产品贸易造成了冲击。欧盟面临着农产品生产成本的上升和产量的下降,以及主要农产品出口量的减少。为应对突发事件对农产品生产和贸易带来的影响,欧盟出台了一系列农业支持政策,通过直接支付等财政政策、优惠贷款等金融工具及国家临时援助计划,确保农业市场的稳定性和可持续发展。援助政策在短期内关注市场稳定性,长期来看,保障了农业韧性和可持续性,一定程度上缓解了欧盟农业企业的经营压力,减少了农民的经济损失,实施效果明显。我国应借鉴欧盟的危机应对经验,促进农业投入品多元化,确保供应链弹性,加强农业研发,注重农业发展模式转型。

大型体育赛事活动档案管理的问题与对策:以《重大活动和突发事件档案管理办法》为参照

规范做好大型体育赛事活动档案管理工作,对于保护体育文化遗产、展示国家良好形象、推动体育事业发展具有重要意义。以《重大活动和突发事件档案管理办法》为基本遵循,在分析当前大型体育赛事活动档案管理在体制机制、收集形式、整理方式、信息化建设、开发利用等方面存在的问题的基础上,从健全管理体制机制、创新档案收集方式、制定整理规范标准、加快信息化建设、拓宽开发利用渠道等方面提出了加强和改进大型体育赛事活动档案管理的对策建议。旨在推动大型体育赛事活动档案管理高质量发展,为全面建设体育强国提供坚实的档案保障。

韧性城市建筑“平急结合”设计给排水应对关键措施探索

简介韧性城市建筑中适用于临时隔离收治点的建筑类型,提出建立临时隔离收治点“平急结合”设计的标准体系构想,解析作为临时隔离收治点的新建建筑、既有建筑在设计或改造中的给排水应对措施,重点就条件预留、用水定额、系统定型、管道布设、设备选用、污水处理等方面进行深入探索。

小口径组合桩在滑坡抢险中的设计方法探讨

为适应滑坡抢险工程的时效性和安全性,在分析小口径组合桩加固机理的基础上,提出设计流程、计算方法及具体参数取值,并应用于某铁路大临道路工程修建期间诱发的一处滑坡整治工程中,通过监控量测和数值模拟分析,验证该设计方法在抢险工程中的可行性。工程效果证明,计算方法及具体参数取值较为合理。

辽宁省农村应急供水现状及对策探析

洪涝、冰冻、地震、干旱、水质污染以及其他工程或人为事故等对农村供水的影响不容忽视,提升农村应急供水保障水平有着重要的意义。研究选择辽宁省发生过供水突发事件的7个县(市、区)进行调研,深入分析了辽宁省农村应急供水的现状、相关农村供水工程的基本情况及应急保障条件,并探讨了机制体制建立情况、责任主体及牵头部门落实情况。针对存在的农村供水应急专管机构不足、评估总结不到位、工程管理不专业的问题,提出了落实设立专管机构、及时总结经验、推广专业管理以及多途径宣传的对策,为提高辽宁省农村应急供水水平,保障农村居民供水安全提供理论支撑。

水上应急封堵工程施工中LEC法的应用及安全措施研究

在汉江干流兴隆水利枢纽下游横向围堰缺口段应急封堵工程施工中,用LEC法对施工中的危险源进行辨识、分析,并研究了采取的专项实施方案和相应的安全保证措施,对于指导施工起到了积极地作用。4个多月的施工紧张有序,对出现的危险因素事先有预测和相应措施落实到位,未出现任何事故,实现了确保工程质量与安全的目标。LEC法对危险等级划分需要的资料较多,在实践中根据具体情况可对判断适当修正。

廊坊市重污染天气特征及减排效果评估

为了统筹推进空气质量改善和经济发展,生态环境部于2019年7月制定了重污染天气“绩效分级、差异化管控”措施。文章将廊坊市11次预警(4次黄色预警、6次橙色预警和1次红色预警)划分为8次污染过程进行分析。结果显示,8次污染过程PM_(2.5)平均浓度为41.4~129.0μg/m^(3),综合后向轨迹模拟、地面天气型等手段,将污染过程分为4类,包括西南输送类、东南输送类,西北方向输送类以及局地污染过程。其中高压后部、低压前部和弱高压是导致南部区域传输污染过程的主要天气型,均压场、弱高压是导致西北来向和局地污染过程的主要天气型,且西南来向与局地污染过程PM_(2.5)均值与峰值浓度均高于东南来向和西北来向污染过程,说明此两类污染发生时,廊坊市空气质量更差。结合各预警等级污染物减排比例,采用WRF-CMAQ模式对11次预警期间“绩效分级、差异化管控”效果进行评估,发现预警期间PM_(2.5)平均浓度下降了2.6%~5.9%,PM_(2.5)峰值浓度降低了0.7%~7.7%。整体来看,应急措施的实施有效改善了廊坊市空气质量,并起到了“削峰”作用。

南方某城市地下综合管廊应急排水设计思考

城市综合管廊已成为城市基础设施建设重要的一部分,然而对其应急排水设计目前仍缺乏充分思考。研究以南方某城市地下深埋综合管廊为例,综合考虑管廊开口处进水、管廊结构缝处渗漏水、管廊接出口渗漏水、管廊内冲洗排水、检修放空排水、供水管道渗漏水和供水管道爆管排水7种排水;针对不同规模的供水爆管漏失面积,提出相应的应急排水措施,包括提高日常排水泵流量,设置应急排水泵,调动移动抽水车;最后,研究建立管廊内给水管爆漏应急预案,提出爆管突发事件的监测要求和应急处置流程,以期最大限度地减少突发性爆管造成的影响。研究成果对综合管廊供水管道安全运行及应急排水设计具有重要的指导意义。

考虑受灾差异和多物资满意度的应急物资调度研究

为有效解决因受灾差异导致灾民的满意度衡量标准不同,多种类物资优先级不同的问题,进而提高灾民对救援工作的满意度。通过实地调研得到各类型灾区对待救援效率及公平的不同满意度衡量标准,并确定各类型灾区对待不同种类物资的优先级。进一步完善出更符合实际的满意度模型。设计相应的遗传算法对模型进行求解,并将其应用于“利奇马”台风案例。结果表明,在考虑区分灾区满意度标准的情况下能够在原有满意度的基础上有所提高,在物资不充足运力有限的情况下,使整个物资分配过程更具针对性和有效性。