This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork ...This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid （TEF） were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss （PL） were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level （3%） of NaCl.展开更多
This study investigated the expression profiles of Writ genes in adult porcine Iongissimus dorsi （LD） from different porcine genotypes and their associations with meat quality. The results showed that Wnt5a gene exp...This study investigated the expression profiles of Writ genes in adult porcine Iongissimus dorsi （LD） from different porcine genotypes and their associations with meat quality. The results showed that Wnt5a gene expression level was the highest in Jinhua （JHP） pigs, followed by Zhongbai （ZBP）, DurocxZhongbai （DZB）, and Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace （DYL） pigs, with significant differences between ZBP, DZB, and DYL （P〈0.05）. This genotypic order was reversed for Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 expression, with JHP and DYL having the lowest and highest expressive levels, respectively. Wnt5a expression was negatively correlated with pH,5 min and ApH （P〈0.01）, some glycolytic markers （P〈0.05）, and positively correlated with meat color （a＊）, shear force （SF） value （P〈0.05）, myosion heavy chain （MyHC） I mRNA proportion （P〈0.01）, turnover ratio of creatine phosphate （CP）, and creatine kinase （CK） activity （P〈0.05）. Opposite correlations were observed for Writ2, Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11. These results revealed that Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 gene expressions in adult porcine muscle contributed to differences between porcine genotypes and affected pork quality. Wnt5a gene expression could be beneficial for the formation of high quality pork by regulating muscle fiber types and postmortem energy metabolism.展开更多
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY be...Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.展开更多
Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomit...Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomitant reduction and replacement of animal fat (30% of fat reduction with 2% of olive oil as an animal fat replacer). Quality attributes such as texture, water binding and color were monitored. Texture and water binding of fat reduced and fat replaced samples were quite similar to the control while color was strongly affected by the fat reduction and replacement. Fat reduction led to a redder cooked sausage and the addition of olive oil to a more yellow product. Chemical analysis revealed no major changes among samples apart from protein and fat content and fatty acid profile. Noteworthy, cooked sausage with more than 6.5% of olive oil achieved the World Health Organization’s recommendation on the nutritional fat index ((polyunsaturated + monounsaturated)/saturated fatty acid ≥ 2) which is very relevant to the development of healthier formulations. Cooked sausages with 45% of fat reduction and 30% fat reduced with 2% of olive oil were considered as the best by the panelists, which in addition had a balanced nutritional content by a lower caloric content. We concluded that fat reduction (up to 45%) and replacement (up to 10%) are possible with acceptable sensory quality and improved nutritional composition. When replacing animal fats by plant oils, the color of the product, which has a strong influence on the sensory acceptability of Bologna type cooked sausages, is affected. Therefore it must be controlled for a proper product development of meat products containing vegetable oils.展开更多
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮类型对乳鸽屠宰性能、肉品质、糖代谢、脂代谢、氧化应激及肌纤维发育的影响。选取108对生产性能相近且同一天带仔的欧洲米玛斯白鸽,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。各组分别饲喂原粮(原粮组)、50%...本试验旨在研究不同饲粮类型对乳鸽屠宰性能、肉品质、糖代谢、脂代谢、氧化应激及肌纤维发育的影响。选取108对生产性能相近且同一天带仔的欧洲米玛斯白鸽,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。各组分别饲喂原粮(原粮组)、50%原粮+50%颗粒料(原粮+颗粒料组)以及颗粒料(颗粒料组)3种等能等氮饲料。每对种鸽哺育4只乳鸽,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌重显著降低(P<0.05),原粮+颗粒料组、颗粒料组乳鸽的屠宰率显著升高(P<0.05),颗粒料组乳鸽的半净膛率和全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌45 min pH显著升高(P<0.05),原粮+颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌滴水损失显著升高(P<0.05)。颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌45 min亮度(L*)值显著高于原粮+颗粒料组(P<0.05)。3)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌甘油三酯(TG)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量和总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与原粮组相比,原粮+颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌纤维横截面积和直径均显著降低(P<0.05)。6)相关性分析发现,乳鸽胸肌尿素氮(UN)含量与胸肌重呈显著负相关(P<0.05),胸肌总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量、胸肌纤维横截面积和直径与胸肌重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲喂颗粒料会造成乳鸽肌肉发育受阻,对蛋白质的利用率降低,氧化应激水平升高,肉品质变差。因此,在设计种鸽饲粮时除了考虑营养素以外,还要考虑饲粮类型,以免影响乳鸽肌肉发育和肉品质。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year PlanPeriod (2006BAD05A15)
文摘This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity （WHC） and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid （TEF） were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss （PL） were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level （3%） of NaCl.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31172220)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-36)the Science and Technology Projects in Zhejiang Province of China(LY17C170005,2016C02054-4)
文摘This study investigated the expression profiles of Writ genes in adult porcine Iongissimus dorsi （LD） from different porcine genotypes and their associations with meat quality. The results showed that Wnt5a gene expression level was the highest in Jinhua （JHP） pigs, followed by Zhongbai （ZBP）, DurocxZhongbai （DZB）, and Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace （DYL） pigs, with significant differences between ZBP, DZB, and DYL （P〈0.05）. This genotypic order was reversed for Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 expression, with JHP and DYL having the lowest and highest expressive levels, respectively. Wnt5a expression was negatively correlated with pH,5 min and ApH （P〈0.01）, some glycolytic markers （P〈0.05）, and positively correlated with meat color （a＊）, shear force （SF） value （P〈0.05）, myosion heavy chain （MyHC） I mRNA proportion （P〈0.01）, turnover ratio of creatine phosphate （CP）, and creatine kinase （CK） activity （P〈0.05）. Opposite correlations were observed for Writ2, Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11. These results revealed that Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 gene expressions in adult porcine muscle contributed to differences between porcine genotypes and affected pork quality. Wnt5a gene expression could be beneficial for the formation of high quality pork by regulating muscle fiber types and postmortem energy metabolism.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince (No. Y306220)the Scientific Research Startup Fund ofZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.
文摘Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomitant reduction and replacement of animal fat (30% of fat reduction with 2% of olive oil as an animal fat replacer). Quality attributes such as texture, water binding and color were monitored. Texture and water binding of fat reduced and fat replaced samples were quite similar to the control while color was strongly affected by the fat reduction and replacement. Fat reduction led to a redder cooked sausage and the addition of olive oil to a more yellow product. Chemical analysis revealed no major changes among samples apart from protein and fat content and fatty acid profile. Noteworthy, cooked sausage with more than 6.5% of olive oil achieved the World Health Organization’s recommendation on the nutritional fat index ((polyunsaturated + monounsaturated)/saturated fatty acid ≥ 2) which is very relevant to the development of healthier formulations. Cooked sausages with 45% of fat reduction and 30% fat reduced with 2% of olive oil were considered as the best by the panelists, which in addition had a balanced nutritional content by a lower caloric content. We concluded that fat reduction (up to 45%) and replacement (up to 10%) are possible with acceptable sensory quality and improved nutritional composition. When replacing animal fats by plant oils, the color of the product, which has a strong influence on the sensory acceptability of Bologna type cooked sausages, is affected. Therefore it must be controlled for a proper product development of meat products containing vegetable oils.
文摘本试验旨在研究不同饲粮类型对乳鸽屠宰性能、肉品质、糖代谢、脂代谢、氧化应激及肌纤维发育的影响。选取108对生产性能相近且同一天带仔的欧洲米玛斯白鸽,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。各组分别饲喂原粮(原粮组)、50%原粮+50%颗粒料(原粮+颗粒料组)以及颗粒料(颗粒料组)3种等能等氮饲料。每对种鸽哺育4只乳鸽,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌重显著降低(P<0.05),原粮+颗粒料组、颗粒料组乳鸽的屠宰率显著升高(P<0.05),颗粒料组乳鸽的半净膛率和全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌45 min pH显著升高(P<0.05),原粮+颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌滴水损失显著升高(P<0.05)。颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌45 min亮度(L*)值显著高于原粮+颗粒料组(P<0.05)。3)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌甘油三酯(TG)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与原粮组相比,颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量和总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与原粮组相比,原粮+颗粒料组乳鸽的胸肌纤维横截面积和直径均显著降低(P<0.05)。6)相关性分析发现,乳鸽胸肌尿素氮(UN)含量与胸肌重呈显著负相关(P<0.05),胸肌总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量、胸肌纤维横截面积和直径与胸肌重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲喂颗粒料会造成乳鸽肌肉发育受阻,对蛋白质的利用率降低,氧化应激水平升高,肉品质变差。因此,在设计种鸽饲粮时除了考虑营养素以外,还要考虑饲粮类型,以免影响乳鸽肌肉发育和肉品质。
