Current Situation, Reasons and Suggestions of Income and Consumption of Rural Residents

Based on the empirical analysis of rural residents’ income and consumption, we are going to discuss the reasons for the weak income growth and lagging consumption of rural residents in China. Finally, we propose relevant suggestions and measures to increase rural residents’ income, promote rural residents’ consumption and develop rural markets.

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P【0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T】C genotypes(P【0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G】T genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G】A genotypes(P【0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P【0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%of all haplotypes in the both populations.The ApoA5 haplotypes were significantly(P【0.05) associated at the global level with TC,TG,HDL-C, LDL-C,Apo1,and ApoB,even after correction for multiple testing with permutation test.In particular,carriers of haplo-type G-G-C had significantly higher TC,TG,LDL-C,ApoB than noncarriers,whereas carriers of haplotype C-A-T had significantly lower TC,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB,and higher HDL-C than noncarriers.Serum TC levels in nondrinkers were correlated with -1131T】C genotype and allele(P【0.05 for each),whereas serum TC,TG and LDL-C levels in drinkers were associated with -1131 T】C and C.553G】T genotypes,or c.457G】A alleles(P【0.05-0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors in the both groups.Conclusions The differences in serum lipid profiles between the drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions of ApoA5 gene polymor phisms and alcohol consumption.genotypes and -1131T】C, c.553G】T and c.457G】A to detect the interactions of the ApoA5

Hair Mercury Levels and Their Relationship with Seafood Consumption among Preschool Children in Shanghai

Mercury is a global pollutant. Children are vulnerable to environmental toxicants. Seafood consumption is a major source of methylmercury exposure. In order to ascertain children’s mercury exposure levels and study their relationship with seafood consumption, we conducted a cross-sectional study among preschool children in Shanghai.

Study on Consumption Level and Consumption Structure of Migrant Workers in Zhejiang Province

On the basis of stratified sampling, we conduct a survey of 1313 migrant workers, to analyze various factors influencing migrant workers' consumption level and the difference in consumption structure between two generations of migrant workers, using the multivariate logistic regression and correspondence analysis method. The results show that two generations of migrant workers' consumption level is the same, and the main factors influencing migrant workers' consumption are income, educational level and occupation; the new generation of migrant workers' consumer attitudes and consumption pattern are transformed significantly, being gradually integrated into the urban consumer market, and the consumption structure is steered to a reasonable direction.

Interactions of the apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ 3238C>G polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum triglyceride levels

Objectives Both apolipoprotein(Apo)C-Ⅲgene polymorphism and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but their interactions on serum TG levels are not well known.The present study was undertaken to detect the interactions of the ApoC-Ⅲ3238C】G(rs5128) polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum TG levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15-89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the ApoC-Ⅲ3238C】G was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoC-Ⅲ3238C】G genotype and alcohol consumption was assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the afore-mentioned factor.Results Serum total cholesterol(TC), TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),ApoA-I and ApoB levels were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P【0.05-0.001).There was no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between the two groups. Serum TG levels in nondrinkers were higher in CG genotype than in CC genotype(P【0,01).Serum TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and ApoB levels in drinkers were higher in GG genotype than in CC or CG genotype(P【0.01 for all).Serum HDL-C levels in drinkers were higher in CG genotype than in CC genotype(P【0.01).Serum TC, TG,HDL-C and ApoA-I levels in CC genotype,TC,HDL-C, ApoA-I levels and the ratio of ApoA-I to ApoB in CG genotype, and TC,TG,LDL-C,ApoA-I and ApoB levels in GG genotype were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers(P【0.05-0.01).But the ratio of ApoA-I to ApoB in GG genotype was lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers(P【0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of TC,TG and ApoB were correlated with genotype in non drinkers(P【0.05 for all).The levels of TC,LDL-C and ApoB were associated with genotype in drinkers(P【0.01 for all). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with age,sex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,blood pressure,body weight,and body mass index in both groups.Conclusions This study suggests that the ApoC-Ⅲ3238CG heterozygotes benefited more from alcohol consumption than CC and GG homozygotes in increasing serum levels of HDL-C,ApoA-I, and the ratio of ApoA-I to ApoB,and lowering serum levels of TC and TG.

The Relationship between Consumption,Socioeconomic Level and Reasons of Tomato Intake in Mexico

The red tomato has been associated to Mexico throughout history. This vegetable is native to the New World and was domesticated in Mesoamerica, before its arrival to Europe. It has always been of great cultural importance in Mexicans diet and of great economic value. Currently, Mexico is the first tomato exporter in the world. However, its marketing affects its price and availability and can harm consumption. Then, due to the cultural role of this vegetable, it is interesting to analyze the relationship between consumption, socioeconomic status and tomato intake reasons in the case of Zapotlan el Grande, Jalisco, Mexico. For this reason, a Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ) was applied to 384 adults from 18 to 65 years old, which included classification of socioeconomic level and consumption reasons. The results showed that the tomato was ingested by more than 90% of the population, with an average frequency of 21.66 ± 10.57 times per month and 114.68 daily grams per capita. For the relationship between socioeconomic level and intake reasons, it was found that there was an impact of monthly income, occupation and gastronomy on the intake of this vegetable.

Experimental investigation and energy consumption analysis for subway side-platform in north cities

The automatic platform gates system (APG) and platform screen doors system (PSD) have been applied in the subways in some cities because of its security. As for the two methods,sometimes,it is difficult to decide which one is better for a certain project. The influence of the train-induced air on subway station and the comfort level of subway station in dynamic and transient conditions was analysized based on experimental data. The comfort level,content of inspiratory particles and noise level show that the environment of subway station with APG can satisfy the requirement of the standard. The air conditioning (A/C) cooling load and ventilation energy consumption of the two kinds of subway stations was predicted with the EnergyPlus program. Because electricity consumption by ventilation equipment increases notably when PSD is used,particularly the electricity consumption by the under platform exhaust (UPE) fan,and thus,ultimately,little difference exists in the overall energy consumption with and without PSD. The APG system is economical for the subway stations of the north cities. And it can satisfy the comfort of passengers for whistle stop. It can be concluded that in north cities APG system is better than PSD system.

Intergenerational Comparative Study on Consumption of Migrant Workers in China

Based on China urban labor survey data of 2016, this paper investigates the differences in consumption level and structure between the new and previous generation rural migrant workers in China and identifies the determinants of migrant workers' consumption. According to descriptive analysis, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 26% more on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation. More specifically, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 33% more on clothing, food, housing and travel, and 10% more on healthcare on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation, while their per capita spending on education is only 73% that of their previous generation. Result of regression analysis shows that with other factors under control, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 14.9% more on clothing, food, housing and travel compared with their previous generation, and their per capita gross consumption is 10.9% higher than that of their previous generation. Consumption elasticity for clothing, food, housing and travel among the new-generation migrant workers' households and their overall consumption elasticity are both significantly higher than those of the previous generation migrant workers' households. Compared with their previous generation, the spending of the new-generation migrant workers' households on clothing, food, housing and travel represents a higher share of their overall consumption, and the share of their educational consumption is even lower.

Estimation of Mercury Intake from Consumption of Fish and Seafood in Russia

Data on the mercury concentration in freshwater and marine fish and seafood on the territory of Russia are presented. The level and pattern of the fish and seafood consumption in various regions of Russia are found from the analysis of open statistics. Regions with the maximum and minimum consumption of fish products are established. Mercury intake from these products in a human organism is calculated. It is shown that at the current level and pattern of the diet in Russia fish cannot be a source of high mercury concentrations in a human organism.

Adaptive Sub-Threshold Voltage Level Control for Voltage Deviate-Domino Circuits

Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.

资源类型对绿色消费的影响:时间还是金钱更有效?

时间与金钱是两种重要的资源类型,人们在绿色消费的过程中不可避免地会受到这两种资源对认知思维和决策行为的影响。然而,目前对于资源类型影响绿色消费行为的具体机制仍不明确。本研究将时间与金钱引发的认知差异引入绿色消费,一方面,基于解释水平理论与人类价值观,分析了时间资源如何促进绿色消费,以及金钱资源如何抑制绿色消费。另一方面,分别从个体、企业以及产品层面出发,结合实验法探究时间与金钱资源影响绿色消费的边界条件,并引入情绪响应水平、环保自我担当以及感知产品有效性作为中介变量,构建资源类型影响绿色消费的理论模型。研究结论将有助于发挥时间与金钱资源在促进绿色消费过程中的积极作用,同时也为企业利用资源线索引导绿色消费提供了新的思路。

社会保障水平提升如何影响共同富裕?——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

基于2011—2020年中国31个省级行政区的面板数据,利用熵权TOPSIS法分别对社会保障水平和共同富裕水平进行测度,然后通过静态和动态面板回归计量模型实证检验了社会保障和共同富裕之间的关系。研究发现:中国社会保障水平和共同富裕水平在2011—2020年整体呈现增长趋势,其中社会保障水平在空间上呈现东部地区高于西部地区、西部地区高于中部地区的特征,共同富裕水平在空间上则呈现“东-中-西”逐级递减趋势。经检验,社会保障水平的提高能够显著促进共同富裕的实现,且这种促进作用具有边际效应递减的非线性特点。机制分析表明,社会保障可以通过提高居民消费水平和促进人力资本积累两条路径促进共同富裕的实现。进一步研究发现,社会保障水平对共同富裕水平的影响还存在区域异质性,中部地区社会保障水平的提升对共同富裕水平的影响程度大于东部和西部地区。

传统文化元素在皮革产品设计中的应用研究

当下,国人消费理念已经从物质层面追求上升到精神文化层面。将中国传统元素与时尚潮流相结合以表达情感个性和文化意蕴,是契合国人消费理念的时尚潮流。采用中华传统文化元素赋能皮革产品设计历来有之。面对当下新国潮现象催生的消费新主张,皮革产品设计有必要因时而变。通过挖掘高适配度文化元素,打造独特品牌IP,厚植特色传统文化元素,拓展多元品类,同时深耕文化元素承载的故事,进行国潮营销等举措创新皮革产品的设计,使皮革产品设计的社会层价值和文化层价值得到增强。

能源消费、金融支持对制造业绿色创新的驱动效应研究

当前世界能源发展面临着供需结构不协调、环境资源开发利用率低等不稳定因素,围绕制造业高质量发展的能源消费及技术升级需要,金融部门积极创新,加大金融服务供给,驱动制造业绿色低碳创新,助力制造业绿色低碳高质量发展。鉴于此,构建2010-2019年中国制造业行业面板数据,通过建立固定效应计量模型及引入随机前沿分析方法,实证检验能源消费水平、金融支持力度和二者的交互作用对制造业绿色创新影响的驱动效应。实证结果表明:能源消费水平对制造业绿色创新呈负向作用,而提升金融支持力度有助于制造业绿色发展;能源消费水平和金融支持力度可经过交互作用形成对制造业绿色创新的促进作用;在“双碳”目标背景之下,消费升级和产业升级均加快了制造业绿色变革步伐;此外,外商投资和政府有效干预也一定程度上促进了制造业绿色转型。为此,提出如下对策与建议:首先,制造业要转变传统生产思想,认真贯彻执行绿色创新理念,深度融入绿色发展格局;其次,鼓励银行业等金融机构继续加大对制造业绿色融资支持力度,并不断完善风险识别及管控措施;最后,政府应正确发挥宏观调控的作用,提高决策质量、降低决策失误。

数字基础设施建设对家庭消费的影响

完善数字基础设施对提高居民效用水平和增进民生福祉具有重要意义。基于中国家庭金融调查数据,借助“宽带中国”战略这一准自然实验,构建渐进双重差分模型评估数字基础设施对家庭消费的影响。研究发现,数字基础设施建设能有效提升家庭消费水平,不同形式的稳健性检验均支持这一结论。机制检验表明,数字基础设施建设通过促进居民就业和增加家庭信贷可得性,提升了家庭消费水平。异质性分析发现,数字基础设施建设对低人力资本家庭、中老年家庭以及中西部地区家庭消费的促进作用更为显著。因此,要持续推进数字基础设施建设,弥合数字鸿沟,提高数字经济包容性,满足家庭多样化消费需求,为扩大内需、提高居民生活水平创造有利条件。

家庭生命周期视角下家庭消费的异质性研究

居民消费是拉动经济持续增长的主要动力,而居民消费主要是以家庭为消费单元进行的社会活动。针对家庭消费动力提升问题,文章选取2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,从家庭生命周期视角出发划分出不同的家庭类型,构建基准回归模型与分位数回归模型对家庭消费的异质性进行检验分析。研究发现:不同类型家庭之间在消费水平和消费结构方面均存在显著差异;大部分家庭的消费水平主要处于中低层级,仅有少部分年轻家庭和中年家庭的消费水平处于中高层级;整体来看家庭的生存型消费偏向中高层级,发展型消费和享受型消费偏向中低层级。各级政府部门应积极推行鼓励家庭消费的政策,着力提高中低收入居民家庭的收入水平,加大家庭能力建设,降低家庭在“一老一小”方面的负担,促进消费水平提升和消费结构向高层级优化,扩大内需,畅通国内大循环,实现经济高质量发展。

教育是如何释放家庭消费潜力的?——来自CHFS的经验证据

受教育程度与家庭消费密切相关,本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2015年、2017年、2019年三期的数据,以家庭为基本单位,探讨了居民受教育程度对提高家庭消费积极性的有效影响,并从收入效应、非收入效应两个方面解释了作用机制。研究发现:①居民受教育水平的提高有助于提高家庭消费收入弹性,提升边际消费倾向。②其中收入效应是居民受教育程度对消费产生正向显著影响的关键。③相比于女性,男性受教育程度提高更能激发家庭消费的积极性;东中部地区教育对释放家庭潜力的影响程度相当且高于西部地区;农村地区会相对抑制受教育程度对居民购买力的发挥,导致其影响程度不如城镇地区高;教育水平对高、中、低收入家庭消费收入弹性的影响也各不相同。最终从教育的不同角度为如何释放消费潜力提出政策建议。

我国国际消费中心城市发展水平测度及动态演进

国际消费中心城市是消费的高级形态载体。从国际知名度、消费繁荣度、商业活跃度、到达便利度和消费满意度五个维度构建我国国际消费中心城市发展评价指标体系,借助熵权TOPSIS法对其发展水平进行测度,运用核密度估计、收敛性分析、修正的引力模型以及社会网络分析方法,以北京、天津、上海、重庆、广州等25个具有竞争力的城市为样本,剖析我国国际消费中心城市发展的动态演进特征。研究发现,2017—2022年我国国际消费中心城市发展水平逐年上升但处于低水平发展阶段,城市间发展差距大且呈现出梯队层级分布态势;从各维度看,国际知名度、消费繁荣度、商业活跃度和消费满意度四个维度发展水平表现为上升趋势,消费繁荣度涨幅最大,到达便利度发展水平较低;国际消费中心城市间发展的绝对差距较大,但城市的追赶效应使得相对差距缩小;从空间格局看,城市初步形成了北部“北京+天津”集聚圈、南部“广州+深圳”集聚圈以及以上海为首的长江联系带的“两圈一带”总体空间网络格局,表现出“高者全局集聚、低者局部扩散”的集散效应特征,城市间有着“核心城市占据主导,边缘城市结构优化”的非均衡空间联系。因此,应立足城市比较优势、深入挖掘并梯次培育特色消费增长点,完善城市交通基础设施建设、突出重点打造现代综合立体交通网络,积极把握我国国际消费中心城市发展的动态变化过程、多层级优化城市消费资源空间配置,重视我国国际消费中心城市发展的空间网络结构特征,逐步形成以点带面、以圈扩容、结构优化的消费空间发展格局。

新发展格局下扩大城市消费需求能否促进FDI流入?——基于长三角地区的实证研究

文章基于2011—2020年长三角地区41个城市面板数据,运用双向固定模型实证分析消费需求提升对FDI流入的影响及作用机制。研究发现:消费需求提升对FDI流入具有显著的正效应,但该正效应在经济发展水平较高城市、长三角城市群城市、生产型城市以及高水平消费需求城市中更为显著,且消费需求提升有助于促进更高质量的FDI流入;产业结构升级和信贷规模扩大在消费需求提升与FDI流入之间存在部分中介效应;消费需求与FDI具有显著的空间集聚特征,消费需求提升能够促进本市及相邻城市FDI流入。本研究对加快构建新发展格局、推进高水平对外开放具有重要的现实意义。

产业数字化对碳生产力的影响研究

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