Mechanism,prevention,and control of mining-induced dynamic disasters in underground metal mines in China:Challenges and solutions

Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.

Combustion mechanism and control approaches of underground coal fires:a review

With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.

A Research on the State-owned Enterprise’s Anti-Corruption Risk Prevention Mechanism and Internal Control Construction

Since the commence of 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee represented by General Secretary Xi Jinping, has attached unprecedented importance to anti corruption construction and has strengthened the investigation degree on the disciplinary offence behaviors of the party member the leading cadres, which kills rampant misbehaviors around the people from the source. State-owned enterprises are the pillar of the national economy, which should respond to call of the country, in a bid to strengthen the construction of honest and integrity, prevent risks, and build a perfect internal control mechanism. Focusing on the state-owned enterprise’s anti-corruption risk prevention mechanism and internal control construction, this paper conducts a research aiming at starting a discussion.

Innovation in Bio-disaster Prevention and Control Mechanism after Forest Tenure Reform at County Level

Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.

Analysis on the Ways to Prevention and Cure of Sexual Harassment On the Campus under the Perspective of Gender Equal Education

Sexual harassment on campus has increasingly become the focus of widespread attention from all walks of life. The special identity of subject and object of sexual harassment on campus, concealed action, long cycle, mainly come from the idea of a deep dilemma, namely the lack of social gender equity. And the first premise to realize social gender equality is to ensure the education gender justice. Therefore, we need to draw lessons from the experience of the gender equality education in Taiwan, clear the social differences in the mind, respect for diverse gender culture; At the legislative level, improve laws and regulations, safeguard formal sources of law; At the system level, set up specialized agencies, through the permeability of course teaching, the strengthening of construction of teaching staff and the academic research, systematically discuss the effective path to construct mechanism of campus sexual harassment prevention.

Research on the mechanism of rockburst induced by mined coal-rock linkage of sharply inclined coal seams

In recent years,the mining depth of steeply inclined coal seams in the Urumqi mining area has gradually increased.Local deformation of mining coal-rock results in frequent rockbursts.This has become a critical issue that affects the safe mining of deep,steeply inclined coal seams.In this work,we adopt a perspective centered on localized deformation in coal-rock mining and systematically combine theoretical analyses and extensive data mining of voluminous microseismic data.We describe a mechanical model for the urgently inclined mining of both the sandwiched rock pillar and the roof,explaining the mechanical response behavior of key disaster-prone zones within the deep working face,affected by the dynamics of deep mining.By exploring the spatial correlation inherent in extensive microseismic data,we delineate the“time-space”response relationship that governs the dynamic failure of coal-rock during the progression of the sharply inclined working face.The results disclose that(1)the distinctive coal-rock occurrence structure characterized by a“sandwiched rock pillar-B6 roof”constitutes the origin of rockburst in the southern mining area of the Wudong Coal Mine,with both elements presenting different degrees of deformation localization with increasing mining depth.(2)As mining depth increases,the bending deformation and energy accumulation within the rock pillar and roof show nonlinear acceleration.The localized deformation of deep,steeply inclined coal-rock engenders the spatial superposition of squeezing and prying effects in both the strike and dip directions,increasing the energy distribution disparity and stress asymmetry of the“sandwiched rock pillar-B3+6 coal seam-B6 roof”configuration.This makes worse the propensity for frequent dynamic disasters in the working face.(3)The developed high-energy distortion zone“inner-outer”control technology effectively reduces high stress concentration and energy distortion in the surrounding rock.After implementation,the average apparent resistivity in the rock pillar and B6 roof substantially increased by 430%and 300%,respectively,thus guaranteeing the safe and efficient development of steeply inclined coal seams.

Possible Mechanical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19 by Insects: Infection, Prevention, Implications, and Control

The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has few similarities with pandemic flu viruses, the respiratory system and immune system are damaged through the viruses infected the population who has weakened immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spreads when people don’t have the sign and symptoms. This virus COVID-19 appears to spread more easily than the flu, and asymptomatic transmission may account for a greater proportion of COVID-19’s spreader over the World. In inundation of the current understanding, the roles of insect vectors are helping in the transmission of viral pathogens as well and the possible roles of some newly joined insects in the mechanical transmission of COVID-19. We also specifically provide the prevention and control methods related to contamination, disease burden, risk pattern in the family, near and dear to maintain the precision of social distancing and development of the immune system to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

Effect Analysis of "One Prevention Double Reduction" of Aerial Control in Corn Fields in Daiyue District, Tai’an City

The main technical content of full mechanized corn production in Daiyue District is explained,and the problems of disease and insect pest control in the middle and late growth stage of corn in full mechanized production are analyzed."One prevention double reduction"of corn performed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and self-propelled sprayer is compared and analyzed,and some suggestions are put forward for further popularization and application of full mechanized corn production.

Research progress and application prospect of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production

By summarizing the composition,classification,and performance characterization of functional adhesive materials,the adhesion mechanisms of functional adhesive materials,such as adsorption/surface reaction,diffusion,mechanical interlocking,and electrostatic adsorption,are expounded.The research status of these materials in oil and gas drilling and production engineering field such as lost circulation prevention/control,wellbore stabilization,hydraulic fracturing,and profile control and water plugging,and their application challenges and prospects in oil and gas drilling and production are introduced comprehensively.According to the applications of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production at this stage,the key research directions of functional adhesive materials in the area of oil and gas drilling and production are proposed:(1)blending and modifying thermoplastic resins or designing curable thermoplastic resins to improve the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of adhesive lost circulation materials;(2)introducing low-cost adhesive groups and positive charge structures into polymers to reduce the cost of wellbore strengthening agents and improve their adhesion performance on the wellbore;(3)introducing thermally reversible covalent bond into thermosetting resin to prevent backflow of proppant and improve the compressive strength of adhesive proppant;(4)introducing thermally reversible covalent bonds into thermoplastic polymers to improve the temperature resistance,salt-resistance and water shutoff performance of adhesive water shutoff agents.

断层斜交岩质高边坡开挖变形特征及其治理效果评价--以陕南地区某岩质高边坡为例

为厘清断层斜交岩质高边坡开挖变形特性以及边坡治理后的时变特性,以陕南地区某断层斜交岩质高边坡为例,综合采用现场调查、数值模拟以及多点位移监测等方法分析断层斜交岩质高边坡破坏机制,归纳了断层斜交岩质高边坡的主要致灾因子,分析了边坡开挖过程中的变形特性,并探讨了边坡治理的时效性。结果表明:研究区域地形陡峭,受断层和坡脚开挖影响呈现出典型临空地形地貌,且受地质构造影响,出露岩体破碎程度较高,节理裂隙发育;基于数值仿真论证了断层斜交岩质高边坡采用“上部锚索锁固+中部坡体刷方+下部锚索和抗滑桩加固”方案治理的可行性,现场调查和监测数据结果表明边坡治理效果明显;断层处流土溶蚀效应明显,强降雨诱发岩质高边坡后缘断层附近平台发生塌陷,在断层和坡脚部位增设排水措施后坡体病害得到有效缓解,整体变形速率得到有效控制。研究成果对断层斜交岩质高边坡的治理及破坏机制分析具有参考意义。

苏州—无锡—常州地区地面沉降及地裂缝防控研究

苏州—无锡—常州(苏锡常)地区曾是中国地面沉降灾害最严重的地区之一,从20世纪70年代开始发生地面沉降,随之因差异沉降诱发地裂缝灾害,21世纪以来沉降速率逐年趋缓,部分地区出现区域性的地面回弹,独特的地面沉降发展历程为全面解读地面沉降提供了理想的窗口。为揭示苏锡常地区地面沉降生命周期过程及其驱动机制,利用长时间序列、大区域尺度的三维渗流、应力、应变多场监测数据以及物理试验模型、数值模拟等技术对区域地面沉降与地裂缝宏观演变规律、成因机理进行综合分析。研究结果显示:苏锡常地区地面沉降经历了发生、快速发展、趋缓、滞后和反弹5个阶段;地面沉降与地下水开采密切相关,其地层变形主要来自于地下水开采导致的含水层和弱透水层的压密释水,主采含水砂层及相邻隔水层为沉降主要贡献层,并识别了地层压缩、回弹的时空演变特征及其对地面沉降的贡献;地裂缝是地面沉降发展到一定阶段后所产生的次生地质灾害,其空间展布及成灾时间与地下水水位、地面沉降、基岩起伏变化以及土层结构差异等因素密切相关,提出了驱动地裂缝演化的压—拉—剪—弹物理过程,识别出了地裂缝发生的触发机制和临界条件。同时建立了以地质钻孔全断面光纤监测为特色、多种技术方法融合的“天-空-地”立体化、地下水-地面沉降-地裂缝协同的监测体系,为地面沉降防控提供科学、详细的数据支撑;并创新区域-场地双尺度有限元耦合界面元法,成功实现了三维复杂地质环境条件下地层形变特征及地裂缝生成和扩展的力学机制模拟,为地面沉降、地裂缝易发区精准圈定与防控提供了解决路径;通过总结基于技术创新支撑政府实施的地下水限采、禁采等地面沉降防控实践及其成效,为中国其他省/市地面沉降防控与地下水资源管理起到示范作用。

基于骨料运移的高浓度充填管道磨损机制

高浓度充填管道磨损威胁矿山安全,但磨损机制尚不明析。采用CFD-DEM模拟高浓度充填管道磨蚀、骨料运移、骨料与管壁接触,结合理论分析和现场实测揭示管道磨损机制。结果表明:料浆承载力充足时,固液两相在管内呈柱塞流,骨料向管道中心运移,管壁处形成减磨滑移层,管道四周磨损较均匀;反之,骨料在管底呈滑动床,管底磨损最严重。滑动床对管壁的作用力是柱塞流时的2.46~2.76倍,管底磨损是柱塞流时的1.48倍。骨料在管壁附近的运动轨迹类似波形线,以小角度接触管壁并滑滚,对管壁的切向力是法向力的27.44~30.84倍,管壁磨损受骨料切向刮擦主导。非稳态输送、粗糙管壁和过高浓度会劣化滑移层的减磨效果。根据模拟结果提出六条磨损防控措施,可供相关矿山借鉴。

采空塌陷区隧道病害机理与防控研究现状与展望

我国是煤炭生产大国,煤炭开采造成了大量采空塌陷。随着公路铁路网不断加密,在山西等采煤大省,越来越多的交通隧道不得不穿越煤矿采空塌陷区。采空塌陷区岩层破坏剧烈、变形量大且持续时间长,是隧道工程建设与运营的重大安全隐患,系统研究采空塌陷区隧道灾变机理与防控技术是隧道工程建设与运营安全的重要保障。通过分析文献报道的工程案例,总结了采空塌陷区隧道的主要病害类型及其灾变机理,回顾了塌陷区采动岩体长期变形预测方法与隧道灾变预测方法,介绍了塌陷区采动岩体变形控制方法与穿越采空区隧道围岩处治方法。在此基础上,分析了采空塌陷区隧道灾变与防控技术研究中存在的突出问题,并对亟待研究的方向进行了展望。

图书馆纸张保存耐久性及老化因素的研究

纸张作为承载知识与文化的重要媒介,其保存耐久性及老化因素的研究具有不可估量的价值。随着时间的推移,图书馆中的纸质文献不可避免地面临老化的挑战,主要表现为纸张强度下降、颜色褪变、纤维脆化等现象。纸张的老化不仅影响阅读体验,更严重的是可能导致信息丢失,对学术研究、历史传承造成不可估量的损失。基于此,从理论层面分析了纸张的老化机理,然后从酸碱性、环境以及空气污染等多方面探讨了图书馆纸张老化的影响因素,并提出有效的纸张保护措施,以期能够为图书馆资料的保存提供借鉴意义。

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害监测预警与防控技术研究进展

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。

算法推荐场域中的意识形态安全风险防控机制研究

随着数字智能技术的蓬勃发展,由算法推荐技术构建的算法推荐场域已成为人们获取信息的重要来源地,因此可通过根本立场方向、话语解释权力、信息呈现样态和信息筛选分发模式等路径深刻影响意识形态建设。当前,多样错误价值对主流意识形态的置换、技术中立对价值观念内核的隐藏、资本逻辑主导对人本逻辑回归的梗阻和特定信息投送对整体事实面貌的遮蔽共同呈现了算法推荐场域中意识形态安全的风险样态。针对此,必须协同构建主流价值引领机制、算法素养培育机制、算法技术管理机制和算法法律规制机制,有效防控算法推荐场域内的意识形态风险,维护意识形态安全。

外来水生生物入侵的现状、影响及防控对策

人类活动和气候变化加剧了非本地物种在全球范围内的跨区域传播,导致外来生物入侵事件日益严重,已成为全球化的生态、经济和国家安全领域的重大问题。其中,水生入侵生物因其形态多样、隐蔽性高和入侵途径多样等特点,较陆生生物更加难以监测预警和防控。近年来,随着全球化的步伐加快,中国水生生物入侵日益严重,但相应的入侵机制研究相对薄弱,防控技术研发亦显不足。因此,本文综合梳理了中国水生生物入侵现状,并深入分析其带来的经济、生态和安全影响。在借鉴中国陆地生物入侵领域的研究成果和防控有效措施的基础上,分析了中国水生生物入侵防控面临的关键问题,并在入侵机制研究、关键技术研发和法规政策等方面对中国水生生物入侵防控提出了具体建议。本文系统分析并展望了中国入侵水生生物的现状和未来研究重点,旨在为国家生物安全规划以及任务决策部署提供参考依据。

深井矿山热害防治及制冷降温技术应用

随着金属矿山开采深度的增加,高地温越加显现,而矿山在热害控制方面经验不足、个体防护及培训缺失、有效的机械制冷技术应用较少等,亟待加强深井金属矿山热害防治安全技术相关研究。本文分析了深井矿山热环境对作业人员、生产效率的影响,总结了热害防治的综合措施,包括通风系统优化、热源控制、个体防护、压缩空气制冷、机械制冷等方面,列举了南非、澳大利亚两座典型深井矿山机械制冷降温技术的典型应用,供其他深井矿山借鉴。

套损井腐蚀机理分析及防治技术研究

油田套损井是由于套管腐蚀、机械损伤等原因导致的套管失效现象。通过深入分析油田套损井的腐蚀机理及其对油田生产的影响,探讨了相应的防治技术。研究发现,套管腐蚀主要包括均匀腐蚀、局部腐蚀和应力腐蚀,其形成机制复杂,受环境因素、材料因素和操作因素的多重影响。通过电化学检测和无损检测技术,可以有效评估腐蚀程度,制定针对性的防腐措施。同时,还介绍了材料选择、阴极保护技术和缓蚀剂应用等防治技术,并通过实际案例验证了其有效性。研究表明,科学合理的腐蚀防治技术能显著延长套管的使用寿命,确保油田的安全稳定生产。

本质安全视域下健全平安建设长效机制的思考——以H省为研究样本

本质安全作为一种高层次的安全管理理念,强调从源头防范化解系统性风险和预防事故的发生。H省自2021年9月践行本质安全理念以来,持续致力于健全平安建设长效机制,坚持控增量、减存量、防变量的原则,在“预”字上下足功夫,在“防”字上做好文章,全力以赴打击犯罪,积极化解积案和矛盾纠纷,开展了一系列有益探索。结合多地实践来看,平安建设的长效机制构建还存在一些问题。对此,基于本质安全视角客观审视这些问题,建议从强化社会治理共同体、创新公共安全体制机制、完善社会治安防控体系、筑牢舆情风险立体化防控体系、健全应急管理体系等方面着手促进长效机制建设,为平安建设更高水平、可持续发展打造坚实的支撑。