Numerical Study on Seasonal Transportation of the Suspended Sediments in the Modern Yellow River Mouth Effected by the Artificial Water and Sediment Regulation

Since 2002, an artificial water and sediment regulation(AWSR) has been carried out, which largely reduced water and sediment discharged from the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea. Although the sediment transport in the Yellow River Mouth(YRM) has been observed and modeled intensively since AWSR, but preferentially for the non-storm conditions. In this study, a three-dimensional current-wave-sediment coupled model, DHI-MIKE numerical model, was used to examine the seasonal suspended-sediment transport in the YRM after the AWSR. Results show that the seasonal distribution of suspended-sediments in the YRM is dominated by wind and wave rather than river input. The major transport pathway of suspended-sediments is from the western Laizhou Bay to the Bohai Strait during the winter monsoon, especially in storm events. In addition, about 66% of the river sediments deposit within 30 km of the YRM, which is smaller than previous estimations. It suggests that the YRM has been eroded in recent decades.

Diagnostic experiments for transport mechanisms of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea

Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in concluded that suspended sediment discharged long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.

Dynamic simulation and modeling of PCP transport between sediment and water

ＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆＰＣＰｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＬｉＴｉｅ，ＹｅＣｈａｎｇｍｉｎｇ，ＬｅｉＺｈｉｆａｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏ...

Summery Intra-Tidal Variations of Suspended Sediment Transportation–Topographical Response and Dynamical Mechanism in the Aoshan Bay and Surrounding Area,Shandong Peninsula

As the second largest bay in Qingdao,the Aoshan Bay and its adjacent sea area play an important role in aquaculture development and urban land and sea coordination for the eastern gulf type of city in the Qingdao Blue Silicon Valley Core Area(QBSVCA).Based on in-situ sedimentary dynamical observation and previous research results,the thermohaline structure,the transportation of suspended sediment and its mechanism,and the coastal geomorphic response were elaborated and analyzed in detail in this paper.The result indicated that the thermohaline and density distribution have obvious intra-tidal characteristics in the QBSVCA and the adjacent waters of the islands,during summer neap tide stage.The development of the bottom high suspended sediment concentration(SSC)layer was slightly enhanced in flood slack at each of the four stations.Suspended sediment transportation near the QBSVCA is related closely with the vertical mixing-stratification mechanism.Combined with previous research results,this study once again showed that submarine topography and the grain size of sea bed sediments would respond to hydrodynamic forces.The medians of the bottom E and D50 in the Aoshan Bay were the highest,followed by those in the Daguan Island and Xiaoguan Island,and the data in the Laoshan Bay were the lowest.This showed that the capacity of suspended sediment transportation in the bottom water layer of the Aoshan Bay was stronger than that of the adjacent sea area.The re-suspension and migration of fine sediments lead to the strong coarsening of sediments in this area.

Suspended Sediment Transport and Deposition in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea Area

The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.

Numerical simulation on seasonal transport variations and mechanisms of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River to the Bohai Sea

Based on sediment and discharge flux data for the Yellow River, realistic forcing fields and bathymetry of the Bohai Sea, a suspended sediment transport module is driven by a wave-current coupled model to research seasonal variations and mechanisms of sus- pended load transport to the Bohai Sea. It could be concluded that surface sediment concentration indicates a distinct spatial distribution characteristic that varies seasonally in the Bohai Sea. Sediment concentration is rather high near the Yellow River estuary, seasonal variations of which are controlled by quantity of sediment from the YeUow River, suspended sediment concentration reaches its maximum during summer and fall. Furthermore, sediment concentration decreases rapidly in other seas far from the Yellow River estuary and maintains a very low level in the center of the Bohai Sea, and is dominated by seasonal variations of climatology wind field in the Bohai Sea. Only a small amount of sediments imported from the Yellow River are delivered northwestward to the southern coast of the Bohai Bay. Majority of sediments are transported southeastward to the Laizhou Bay, where sediments are con- tinuously delivered into the center of the Bohai Sea in a northeastward direction, and part of them are transported eastward alongshore through the Bohai Strait. 69% of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited near the river delta, 31% conveyed seaward, within which, 4% exported to the northern Yellow Sea through the Bohai Strait. Wind wave is the most essential contributor to seasonal variations of sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea, and the contribution of tidal currents is also significant in shallow waters when wind speed is low.

长江口南槽悬沙纵向和横向输运过程与机制研究

河口悬沙输运对于最大浑浊带形成发育、地貌演变、港口航道安全、水质以及生态系统健康至关重要。本文基于2017年洪季长江口南槽拦门沙海域4站位同步观测的沉积动力数据,采用Scully和Sommerfield改进的通量机制分解法来获取垂向各层平流通量和潮泵通量及累积动态变化,以确定平流和潮汐泵送对悬沙净通量的相对贡献,探讨纵向和横向的水沙输运时空格局和动力机制,弥补了传统通量机制分解法仅限计算时空平均值的缺陷。研究发现:(1)洪季长江口南槽拦门沙海域大潮期间存在横向余环流,小潮期间出现表层向海、底层向陆的纵向余环流;(2)平流和潮泵作用是影响净输运的关键因素,南槽拦门沙海域由平流作用主导、悬沙向海净输运,横向上向西南边滩输运,为南汇边滩围垦区向海淤长提供物源,且靠近主槽区域横向悬沙通量对沉积过程的贡献与纵向通量相当;(3)潮泵输运在河口滞流点和拦门沙海域均较显著,泵送的大小和方向与径潮流相互作用和底床物源有关,纵向上由大潮期间向陆泵送占优转为小潮期间的向海净输运占优。综上,南槽拦门沙海域近底层悬沙呈现由浅滩向主槽辐聚的格局,浅滩区域的近底层悬沙净输运受潮泵作用控制,且对整个水柱悬沙输运贡献显著,可能是拦门沙形成和最大浑浊带发育的重要机制。

蓬莱近岸海域夏季悬浮泥沙输运及控制因素

基于2019年6月在蓬莱近岸海域实地观测获取的样品和数据,研究了海流、温度、盐度和悬浮泥沙的时空分布特征,利用小波分析、单宽通量机制分解和Richardson数等方法,探讨了悬浮泥沙的输运机制和控制因素。研究区悬浮泥沙在平面上呈以登州浅滩为中心向周围海域逐渐降低的分布特征,垂向上呈由表层至底层逐渐升高的趋势。悬浮泥沙浓度变化与潮流变化具有较好的正相关关系,但在时间上滞后1~2 h。研究区单宽净输沙率为7.84~43.12 g/(s·m)。平流输运在研究区悬浮泥沙输运过程中占主导地位,垂向净环流输运次之。潮流是研究区悬浮泥沙输运的主要动力,悬浮泥沙净输运方向与余流方向一致,登州水道南部悬浮泥沙由西向东输运,水道中部悬浮泥沙由东向西输运,南长山岛两侧悬浮泥沙呈向水道输运的趋势。研究区海域部分水体层化现象明显,水体混合受到抑制,悬浮泥沙的分布和输运受到潮流、水体混合和地形地貌共同控制。

钱塘江河口悬沙输运特征及影响机制

根据2012年5月在钱塘江河口获取的潮流和悬沙浓度数据,采用机制分解法研究各输沙项的特征及贡献率,探究了钱塘江河口悬沙输运特征及影响机制。结果表明:钱塘江河口的欧拉余流和斯托克斯余流方向基本向海。小潮至大潮的平均含沙量与平均流速呈正线性关系,导致涨急、落急均出现再悬浮现象,悬浮泥沙由海转向陆地输运。钱塘江河口悬沙输运的贡献项以平流输移和潮泵输移为主,其平流项和潮泵项之和占潮周期单宽净输沙通量的87%以上;澉浦横断面在小潮汛期从左岸到右岸的平流项通量减小了1.71 kg·m^(-1)·s^(-1),潮泵效应项和垂向净环流项通量增大了1.34 kg·m^(-1)·s^(-1),且沉积物在尖山河段下游和杭州湾进行水沙交换。

福建兴化湾海上风电场海底浅层结构及悬沙特征和沉积物输运分析研究

海上风电工程设计对海底表层结构及沉积物输运特征的研究提出了更高的要求。本文针对福建兴化湾海域浅地层结构及水体悬沙和海底表层沉积物输运特征进行了系统地研究,并根据经验公式进行了计算。研究发现研究区内整体上表层沉积物类型大致围绕岛屿呈不规则环带状分布,沉积物颗粒较粗,大部分海域沉积物分选较差,与现今动力环境吻合;研究海域悬沙的中值粒径主要分布在0.003mm到0.539mm之间,平均中值粒径为0.122mm;研究海域岛屿周边近岸受到潮流波浪作用的影响。岛屿水道内沉积物分布由水道内横向环流和涨落潮流共同控制。海洋环流作用下的区域沉积物输运模式控制了研究区沉积作用的整体特征;此外,研究区位于闽浙沿岸泥质区的末端,受闽浙沿岸流的影响,沉积物输运过程有明显的季节性差异,夏季沉积物由南向北输运,向海输运较弱;冬季从北向南输运沉积物,但沿岸流的搬运能力在研究区减弱。冬季沉积物可以穿过剪切锋运向外海输送。这一模式导致研究区在高海平面时期沉积物供应来源虽复杂,但沉积的总量相对较少,因此形成的沉积层相对较薄。

黄河2009年调水调沙期间河口水动力及悬沙输移变化特征

根据2009年7月黄河第九次调水调沙期间和结束后在黄河口两个站位观测的水文泥沙资料,对调水调沙期间和结束后河口的水动力和悬沙分布特征进行了对比分析,并对潮周期内悬沙输移过程进行了探讨。结果表明:调水调沙期间相比于结束后,落潮动力加强,涨潮动力有所减弱,尤其在水体表层表现明显,河口切变锋类型不同,其出现时间长度亦不同;调水调沙期间含沙量较大,垂向分布较复杂,而结束后含沙量低,垂向梯度变化较小;此外,调水调沙期间河口悬沙在输移过程中以沉降作用为主,并在涨急和落急时刻伴随着底沙的再悬浮,而结束后悬沙浓度降低幅度较大,泥沙再悬浮作用较强。

ADCP在长江口悬沙输运观测中的应用

声学多普勒流速剖面仪 (ADCP)是近年来发展起来的一种用于测量流速的声学仪器 ,同时还可以通过建立回声强度和现场取得水样的回归关系式而获得悬沙浓度的数据。本文利用在长江口两个站位的高频观测数据 ,对现场取得的悬沙作粒度分析 ,在此基础上对枯季长江口地区悬沙输送机制和悬沙粒度对水动力的响应进行了分析和探讨。结果表明 :平均流输运在整个悬沙输送中占主导地位 ,同时潮扩散和垂向扩散作用也是引起两站悬沙输运的重要因子 ;不同层次和不同时刻的悬沙粒度参数的变化 ,既和海 陆转换有关 ,也和潮相变化密切相关。

长江口北支强潮河道悬沙运动及输移机制

随着崇明北侧岸滩的自然淤涨和人工圈围,北支河道显著束窄,"喇叭口"顶点位置下移。在新的地形及流域来水来沙变异背景下,作为长江河口的分支强潮汊道,其悬沙运动与输移特点值得探讨。根据2010年4月小潮至大潮连续8d的半个半月潮水沙观测,结合多年不同河段水沙观测数据得到的含沙量过程曲线显示:整个河道潮流强、含沙量高,含沙量过程曲线呈"单峰—双峰—单峰"的变化特点;河道悬沙的输移以平流输移和"潮泵输移"为主,以"喇叭口"顶点为界,上游段河道平流输移占主导地位,"潮泵输移"次之;下游段"潮泵输移"占主导,平流输移次之。净输沙总量呈:上段河道向海,下段河道向陆,在"喇叭口"顶点附近存在一个泥沙汇聚的最大浑浊带区域。

长江口悬沙动力特征与输运模式

本项研究用ADCP在长江河口进行高频、高分辨率三维流速和声学浊度的定点观测,通过对定点站位潮周期内的悬沙浓度、流速和盐度的分析,计算悬沙输运率;悬沙输运机制分析表明平流作用、斯托克斯漂移效应在悬沙输运中占据主导地位。此外,从河口内向河口外,潮周期内的水动力特征与悬沙净输运具有明显的地域性差异,主要表现在悬沙输送的贡献因子、盐度的垂向混合和分布特征、垂向流速等方面。在拦门沙下游和口外地区,悬沙均向西、北方向输送,而拦门沙上游则向东、南方向输送。这种悬沙输运格局,对于长江口拦门沙及附近最大浑浊带的形成有着重要的作用。

长江河口河槽水沙特性及其输移机制研究

基于2007年1、7月长江口大潮实测流速及悬沙量资料,运用数据统计和机制分解法分析各河槽水沙输移特性,结果表明:枯季优势流小于洪季,枯季北支、南支北侧、北港中下段、南槽南边滩为涨潮优势,其他河槽为落潮优势,洪季北槽口外为涨潮优势,其他河槽为落潮优势;悬沙输移主要驱动力为欧拉余流、潮泵效应、垂向环流和斯托克斯余流,欧拉余流在平流输沙中占主导地位,潮泵效应在潮流输沙中占主导地位,欧拉余流指向海,垂向环流和斯托克斯余流指向陆,潮泵效应除北港口外、南槽口外随季节变化外其余河槽指向海;不同汊道各输沙项的贡献随径流与潮汐潮流的相对重要性而变化。

长江口北支小潮至大潮水沙输运机制研究

根据2010年4月23日至30日在长江口北支主槽内获得的流速和悬沙观测资料,运用机制分解法分析了从小潮到大潮连续变化过程中北支的水沙输运特征。研究结果表明:从小潮到大潮余流和单宽输水量不断增加,输水方向向海。单宽输沙量从小潮到大潮趋于增加,但输沙方向具有小潮和大潮向海、中潮向陆的特点。在各输沙项中,平流输沙占主要地位,其输沙方向向海,输沙量从小潮到大潮显著增加,大潮输沙量约为小潮的46倍;潮泵输沙占次要地位,其输沙强度和输沙方向随潮周期变化频繁;垂向净环流的输沙强度很小,输沙方向向陆。此外,从小潮到大潮的过程中,一些重要输沙项的贡献率随潮周期变化显著,这表明各潮周期的悬沙输运机制有时存在较大差异。

杭州湾北岸弧形岸段悬沙净输移分析——以龙泉—南竹港岸段为例

基于杭州湾北岸龙泉—南竹港弧形岸段的实测水文泥沙资料,利用余流分析和悬沙机制分解方法对该岸段的悬沙输运变化特征进行分析,并经2004-2005年地形冲淤验证。结果表明:龙泉—南竹弧形岸段的动力条件相对较弱,余流表现为总体向西流动,特征为"两头大、中间小",机制分解得出悬沙输运以净进为主,各动力项中主要以平均流项和stokes漂流项为主,平均输沙率方向受平均流项控制,涨落潮挟沙强度对净输沙也有一定的贡献,并导致研究区西部岸段出现逆向输沙;余流和机制分解结果表明海岸的中部及东部为悬沙的主要落淤地带,而西部则冲刷加深,这与地形的冲淤分析相一致。

爆破挤淤产生的悬浮物输移扩散模拟研究

爆破挤淤是处理淤泥质软基的常用方法,而研究由此产生的悬浮泥沙的输移扩散对于评价施工对工程区水环境的影响有重要意义。在对爆破挤淤产生的悬浮泥沙对水环境影响初步分析的基础上,就防波堤地基爆破挤淤处理产生的悬浮泥沙在波浪、潮流共同作用下的输移扩散过程进行了数值模拟,并对爆破挤淤后悬浮泥沙输移扩散规律进行了探讨,指出爆破挤淤对水域附近的生态环境有一定影响,但影响范围并不大,且持续的时间亦不长。

兴化湾悬沙输移机理分析

运用通量机制分解法处理兴化湾各测站的水沙实测资料,通过探讨平流输沙、潮泵效应输沙、垂向净环流输沙机理,分析研究了兴化湾海域悬沙输移特征,进而讨论了净输沙对研究区域地形变化的影响。结果表明:在潮汐作用下,外海泥沙沿兴化水道与南日水道向湾内输移,但对湾内淤积产生的影响较小;平流输沙和垂向净环流输沙对悬沙的净输移起主要作用,水深相对较大的区域主要受平流输沙的控制,而浅水区垂向净环流输沙影响更强;潮泵输沙以悬沙与潮流变化相关项为主,输沙量小于平流输沙和垂向净环流输沙的输沙量;浅水区垂向各层余流方向不一致,悬沙各层混合均匀,深水区表底层的余流方向基本一致,含沙量垂向变化明显;输沙造成湾顶淤积,造成海湾地形变化的主要原因是陆源泥沙。

杭州湾口门中部水沙输运机制初探——以岱衢洋为例

根据2012年9月在杭州湾口门中部外侧海域岱衢洋主槽内获得的包括大、中、小潮的垂向流速和悬浮泥沙观测资料,利用机制分解方法计算了岱衢洋的水沙输移通量等特征,分析并讨论了各个输沙项对总输沙量的贡献,解释了杭州湾水沙进出外海的输运机制。研究结果表明:研究区域单宽涨潮量大潮为小潮的2.3倍,单宽落潮量大潮为小潮的1.6倍。从小潮到大潮的余流和单宽净输水量由向海变为向陆;单宽涨潮输沙量大潮为小潮的4.5倍,单宽落潮输沙量大潮为小潮的2.7倍。单宽输沙量表现为小潮和中潮向海,大潮向陆的特点,大潮单宽净输沙量约为小潮和中潮的2倍;在各输沙项中,平流输沙主要来自水体净输移(拉格朗日余流决定)对悬沙输移的贡献,平流输沙方向小潮向海,中潮和大潮向陆,其中大潮和小潮时平流输沙在各项中贡献率最大;潮泵输沙小潮和中潮向海,大潮输沙向陆,中潮时潮泵输沙贡献率在各项中贡献率最大;垂向净环流输沙方向均向陆,大中小潮悬沙含量的垂向的差异是导致小潮垂向净环流输沙量大,大潮输沙量小的主要原因;杭州湾中部通过岱衢洋通道与外海泥沙交换的主要形式是大进大出、反复搬运,而在一个完整的半月周期内外海泥沙净进杭州湾的量相对较小。