Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.Th...Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.展开更多
Medical image classification has played an important role in the medical field, and the related method based on deep learning has become an important and powerful technique in medical image classification. In this art...Medical image classification has played an important role in the medical field, and the related method based on deep learning has become an important and powerful technique in medical image classification. In this article, we propose a simplified inception module based Hadamard attention (SI + HA) mechanism for medical image classification. Specifically, we propose a new attention mechanism: Hadamard attention mechanism. It improves the accuracy of medical image classification without greatly increasing the complexity of the model. Meanwhile, we adopt a simplified inception module to improve the utilization of parameters. We use two medical image datasets to prove the superiority of our proposed method. In the BreakHis dataset, the AUCs of our method can reach 98.74%, 98.38%, 98.61% and 97.67% under the magnification factors of 40×, 100×, 200× and 400×, respectively. The accuracies can reach 95.67%, 94.17%, 94.53% and 94.12% under the magnification factors of 40×, 100×, 200× and 400×, respectively. In the KIMIA Path 960 dataset, the AUCs and accuracy of our method can reach 99.91% and 99.03%. It is superior to the currently popular methods and can significantly improve the effectiveness of medical image classification.展开更多
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage ...Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.展开更多
Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) greatly promotes the automatic segmentation of medical images. However, due to the inherent properties of convolution operations, CNN usually cannot establish long-distance inte...Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) greatly promotes the automatic segmentation of medical images. However, due to the inherent properties of convolution operations, CNN usually cannot establish long-distance interdependence, which limits the segmentation performance. Transformer has been successfully applied to various computer vision, using self-attention mechanism to simulate long-distance interaction, so as to capture global information. However, self-attention lacks spatial location and high-performance computing. In order to solve the above problems, we develop a new medical transformer, which has a multi-scale context fusion function and can be used for medical image segmentation. The proposed model combines convolution operation and attention mechanism to form a u-shaped framework, which can capture both local and global information. First, the traditional converter module is improved to an advanced converter module, which uses post-layer normalization to obtain mild activation values, and uses scaled cosine attention with a moving window to obtain accurate spatial information. Secondly, we also introduce a deep supervision strategy to guide the model to fuse multi-scale feature information. It further enables the proposed model to effectively propagate feature information across layers, Thanks to this, it can achieve better segmentation performance while being more robust and efficient. The proposed model is evaluated on multiple medical image segmentation datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves better performance on a challenging dataset (ETIS) compared to existing methods that rely only on convolutional neural networks, transformers, or a combination of both. The mDice and mIou indicators increased by 2.74% and 3.3% respectively.展开更多
Both diabetes mellitus and cancer are prevalent diseases worldwide. It is evident that there is a substantial increase in cancer incidence in diabetic patients. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that diabetic patie...Both diabetes mellitus and cancer are prevalent diseases worldwide. It is evident that there is a substantial increase in cancer incidence in diabetic patients. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that diabetic patients are at significantly higher risk of common cancers including pancreatic, liver, breast, colorectal, urinary tract, gastric and female reproductive cancers. Mortality due to cancer is moderately increased among patients with diabetes compared with those without. There is increasing evidence that some cancers are associated with diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms of this potential association have not been fully elucidated. Insulin is a potent growth factor that promotes cell proliferation and carcinogenesis directly and/or through insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). Hyperinsulinemia leads to an increase in the bioactivity of IGF-1 by inhibiting IGF binding protein-1. Hyperglycemia serves as a subordinate plausible explanation of carcinogenesis. High glucose may exert direct and indirect effects upon cancer cells to promote proliferation. Also chronic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of carcinogenesis. The multiple drugs involved in the treatment of diabetes seem to modify the risk of cancer. Screening to detect cancer at an early stage and appropriate treatment of diabetic patients with cancer are important to improve their prognosis. This paper summarizes the associations between diabetes and common cancers, interprets possible mechanisms involved, and addresses implications for medical practice.展开更多
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a potential carcinogen. Evidence for the carcinogenic effect of IR radiation has been shown after long-term animal investigations and observations on survivors of the atom bombs in Hiroshi...Ionizing radiation (IR) is a potential carcinogen. Evidence for the carcinogenic effect of IR radiation has been shown after long-term animal investigations and observations on survivors of the atom bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, IR has been widely used in a controlled manner in the medical imaging for diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases and also in cancer therapy. The collective radiation dose from medical imagings has increased six times in the last two decades, and grow continuously day to day. A large number of evidence has revealed the increased cancer risk in the people who had frequently exposed to x-rays, especially in childhood. It has also been shown that secondary malignancy may develop within the five years in cancer survivors who have received radiotherapv, because of IR-mediated damage to healthy cells. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the role of medical x-ray exposure in cancer development in humans, and recently recognized epigenetic mechanisms in IR-induced carcinogenesis.展开更多
Medical image segmentation is an important application field of computer vision in medical image processing.Due to the close location and high similarity of different organs in medical images,the current segmentation ...Medical image segmentation is an important application field of computer vision in medical image processing.Due to the close location and high similarity of different organs in medical images,the current segmentation algorithms have problems with mis-segmentation and poor edge segmentation.To address these challenges,we propose a medical image segmentation network(AF-Net)based on attention mechanism and feature fusion,which can effectively capture global information while focusing the network on the object area.In this approach,we add dual attention blocks(DA-block)to the backbone network,which comprises parallel channels and spatial attention branches,to adaptively calibrate and weigh features.Secondly,the multi-scale feature fusion block(MFF-block)is proposed to obtain feature maps of different receptive domains and get multi-scale information with less computational consumption.Finally,to restore the locations and shapes of organs,we adopt the global feature fusion blocks(GFF-block)to fuse high-level and low-level information,which can obtain accurate pixel positioning.We evaluate our method on multiple datasets(the aorta and lungs dataset),and the experimental results achieve 94.0%in mIoU and 96.3%in DICE,showing that our approach performs better than U-Net and other state-of-art methods.展开更多
Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all t...Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT(Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI(Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also because of their proximity to other disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, it is urgently needed to increase the medical facilities in the suburban areas, to take into account migrants' demands and to reduce residential segregation between local residents and migrants for local governments to achieve the goal of equalization of medical care service.展开更多
Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Meth...Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Methods: Collect relevant literatures on cervical cancer in Chinese National Knowledgey Ifrastructure (CNKI), use TCM inheritance platform system (TCMISSV2.5) for association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis;use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tools to construct target-pathway-disease network to reveal the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Among the 78 prescriptions selected, a total of 172 Chinese medicines were used, and the five most frequently used herbs were Huang-bo (Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex), Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Gan-cao (Licorice). Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Bai-zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos) are the three most commonly used medicine match. In addition, through cluster analysis, a total of 4 core herbs compatibility and 2 new prescriptions were excavated. Herbs in the new prescriptions which are used to clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness were most frequently used. Through the analysis of the signal pathway of high frequency Chinese medicines, we found that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway may play important roles. Conclusion: The core Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are mainly clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness. The core Chinese medicines may play their anti-cervical cancer by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway.展开更多
Influence of surface topography on the tactile friction of medical compression textiles was studied in this paper. The friction behavior was investigated for three kinds of medical textiles with various structures and...Influence of surface topography on the tactile friction of medical compression textiles was studied in this paper. The friction behavior was investigated for three kinds of medical textiles with various structures and compositions by using a textile friction analyzer under dry condition. In order to simulate the contacts of textiles/human finger, a mechanical skin model with similar texture to the skin and applied normal load oflN were selected. Meanwhile, the 3D surface topography of textiles was measured using a digital microscope. The topographical data were analyzed concerning height distribution and material ratio, and the real contact area was estimated as a function of penetration depth. Results showed that the investigated textiles revealed a significant variation on the friction coefficients, which were ( 0.41 ± 0.01 ) ( polyamide, jersey 2 × 2 ), (0.56 ± 0. 01) (cotton, jersey 2×2) and (0. 47 ± 0. 01) (polyamide, jersey 1 × 1 ), respectively. The textile with higher friction coefficient was found to own a relative compact and homogenous surface and larger contact area, vice versa.展开更多
Objective:Excavate the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer,study the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment with tradit...Objective:Excavate the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer,study the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Collate and analyze the relevant prescriptions collected from CNKI and the core drug combination and the new formula are obtained by adopting the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(TCMISSV2.5).Use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tool to analyze KEGG pathways of high frequency drugs and predict the potential signal pathways.Results:Data mining has selected 10 pairs of core herb combinations and 5 new recipes of 133 prescriptions.In the network pharmacology analysis of bai zhu,huang qi,fu ling,the potential signaling pathways of its action are the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion:Herbs for invigorating spleen and qi and herbs for nourishing blood and activating blood are commonly used to prevent and treat postoperative complications of breast cancer.Core herbs may play their role by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.展开更多
Long-term, body-adhered medical devices rely on an adhesive interface to maintain contact with the patient. The greatest threat to on-body adhesion is mechanical stress imparted on the medical device. Several factors ...Long-term, body-adhered medical devices rely on an adhesive interface to maintain contact with the patient. The greatest threat to on-body adhesion is mechanical stress imparted on the medical device. Several factors contribute to the ability of the device to withstand such stresses, such as the mechanical design, shape, and size of the device. This analysis investigates the impact that design changes to the device have on the stress and strain experienced by the system when acted on by a stressor. The analysis also identifies the design changes that are most effective at reducing the stress and strain. An explicit dynamic finite element analysis method was used to simulate several design iterations and a regression analysis was performed to quantify the relationship between design and resultant stress and strain. The shape, height, size, and taper of the medical device were modified, and the results indicate that, to reduce stress and strain in the system, the device should resemble a square in shape, be short in height, and small in size with a large taper. The square shape experienced 17.5% less stress compared to the next best performing shape. A 10% reduction in device height resulted in a 21% reduction in stress and 24% reduction in strain. A 20% reduction in device size caused a 7% reduction in stress and 2% reduction in strain. A 20% increase in device taper size led to a negligible reduction in stress and a 6% reduction in strain. The height of the device had the greatest impact on the resultant stress and strain.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82104701)Science Fund Program for Outstanding Young Scholars in Universities of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022AH030064)+3 种基金Key Project at Central Government Level:the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(Grant No.2060302)Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application(Grant No.2021KFKT10)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-21)Talent Support Program of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2020rcyb007).
文摘Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.
文摘Medical image classification has played an important role in the medical field, and the related method based on deep learning has become an important and powerful technique in medical image classification. In this article, we propose a simplified inception module based Hadamard attention (SI + HA) mechanism for medical image classification. Specifically, we propose a new attention mechanism: Hadamard attention mechanism. It improves the accuracy of medical image classification without greatly increasing the complexity of the model. Meanwhile, we adopt a simplified inception module to improve the utilization of parameters. We use two medical image datasets to prove the superiority of our proposed method. In the BreakHis dataset, the AUCs of our method can reach 98.74%, 98.38%, 98.61% and 97.67% under the magnification factors of 40×, 100×, 200× and 400×, respectively. The accuracies can reach 95.67%, 94.17%, 94.53% and 94.12% under the magnification factors of 40×, 100×, 200× and 400×, respectively. In the KIMIA Path 960 dataset, the AUCs and accuracy of our method can reach 99.91% and 99.03%. It is superior to the currently popular methods and can significantly improve the effectiveness of medical image classification.
基金Supported by Key Project of Henan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2017ZY1020General Public Relations Project of Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.212102311123General Research Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.GZY-KJS-2021-017.
文摘Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.
文摘Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) greatly promotes the automatic segmentation of medical images. However, due to the inherent properties of convolution operations, CNN usually cannot establish long-distance interdependence, which limits the segmentation performance. Transformer has been successfully applied to various computer vision, using self-attention mechanism to simulate long-distance interaction, so as to capture global information. However, self-attention lacks spatial location and high-performance computing. In order to solve the above problems, we develop a new medical transformer, which has a multi-scale context fusion function and can be used for medical image segmentation. The proposed model combines convolution operation and attention mechanism to form a u-shaped framework, which can capture both local and global information. First, the traditional converter module is improved to an advanced converter module, which uses post-layer normalization to obtain mild activation values, and uses scaled cosine attention with a moving window to obtain accurate spatial information. Secondly, we also introduce a deep supervision strategy to guide the model to fuse multi-scale feature information. It further enables the proposed model to effectively propagate feature information across layers, Thanks to this, it can achieve better segmentation performance while being more robust and efficient. The proposed model is evaluated on multiple medical image segmentation datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves better performance on a challenging dataset (ETIS) compared to existing methods that rely only on convolutional neural networks, transformers, or a combination of both. The mDice and mIou indicators increased by 2.74% and 3.3% respectively.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health TalentsProgram for Zhejiang Leading Team of Science and Technology InnovationFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Both diabetes mellitus and cancer are prevalent diseases worldwide. It is evident that there is a substantial increase in cancer incidence in diabetic patients. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that diabetic patients are at significantly higher risk of common cancers including pancreatic, liver, breast, colorectal, urinary tract, gastric and female reproductive cancers. Mortality due to cancer is moderately increased among patients with diabetes compared with those without. There is increasing evidence that some cancers are associated with diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms of this potential association have not been fully elucidated. Insulin is a potent growth factor that promotes cell proliferation and carcinogenesis directly and/or through insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). Hyperinsulinemia leads to an increase in the bioactivity of IGF-1 by inhibiting IGF binding protein-1. Hyperglycemia serves as a subordinate plausible explanation of carcinogenesis. High glucose may exert direct and indirect effects upon cancer cells to promote proliferation. Also chronic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of carcinogenesis. The multiple drugs involved in the treatment of diabetes seem to modify the risk of cancer. Screening to detect cancer at an early stage and appropriate treatment of diabetic patients with cancer are important to improve their prognosis. This paper summarizes the associations between diabetes and common cancers, interprets possible mechanisms involved, and addresses implications for medical practice.
文摘Ionizing radiation (IR) is a potential carcinogen. Evidence for the carcinogenic effect of IR radiation has been shown after long-term animal investigations and observations on survivors of the atom bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, IR has been widely used in a controlled manner in the medical imaging for diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases and also in cancer therapy. The collective radiation dose from medical imagings has increased six times in the last two decades, and grow continuously day to day. A large number of evidence has revealed the increased cancer risk in the people who had frequently exposed to x-rays, especially in childhood. It has also been shown that secondary malignancy may develop within the five years in cancer survivors who have received radiotherapv, because of IR-mediated damage to healthy cells. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the role of medical x-ray exposure in cancer development in humans, and recently recognized epigenetic mechanisms in IR-induced carcinogenesis.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61772561,author J.Q,http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/in part by the Science Research Projects of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant 18A174,author X.X,http://kxjsc.gov.hnedu.cn/+5 种基金in part by the Science Research Projects of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant 19B584,author Y.T,http://kxjsc.gov.hnedu.cn/in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2020JJ4140),author Y.T,http://kjt.hunan.gov.cn/in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2020JJ4141),author X.X,http://kjt.hunan.gov.cn/in part by the Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province under Grant 2019SK2022,author Y.T,http://kjt.hunan.gov.cn/in part by the Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province under Grant CX20200730,author G.H,http://kjt.hunan.gov.cn/in part by the Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Central South University of Forestry and Technology under Grant CX20202038,author G.H,http://jwc.csuft.edu.cn/.
文摘Medical image segmentation is an important application field of computer vision in medical image processing.Due to the close location and high similarity of different organs in medical images,the current segmentation algorithms have problems with mis-segmentation and poor edge segmentation.To address these challenges,we propose a medical image segmentation network(AF-Net)based on attention mechanism and feature fusion,which can effectively capture global information while focusing the network on the object area.In this approach,we add dual attention blocks(DA-block)to the backbone network,which comprises parallel channels and spatial attention branches,to adaptively calibrate and weigh features.Secondly,the multi-scale feature fusion block(MFF-block)is proposed to obtain feature maps of different receptive domains and get multi-scale information with less computational consumption.Finally,to restore the locations and shapes of organs,we adopt the global feature fusion blocks(GFF-block)to fuse high-level and low-level information,which can obtain accurate pixel positioning.We evaluate our method on multiple datasets(the aorta and lungs dataset),and the experimental results achieve 94.0%in mIoU and 96.3%in DICE,showing that our approach performs better than U-Net and other state-of-art methods.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701151)MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.17YJCZH256)Doctoral Project of Tianjin Normal University(No.52XB1621)
文摘Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT(Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI(Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also because of their proximity to other disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, it is urgently needed to increase the medical facilities in the suburban areas, to take into account migrants' demands and to reduce residential segregation between local residents and migrants for local governments to achieve the goal of equalization of medical care service.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (NO.H2018201179)Hebei University of Science and Technology (NO. QN2016077)the Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei (NO. 20160388).
文摘Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Methods: Collect relevant literatures on cervical cancer in Chinese National Knowledgey Ifrastructure (CNKI), use TCM inheritance platform system (TCMISSV2.5) for association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis;use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tools to construct target-pathway-disease network to reveal the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Among the 78 prescriptions selected, a total of 172 Chinese medicines were used, and the five most frequently used herbs were Huang-bo (Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex), Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Gan-cao (Licorice). Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Bai-zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos) are the three most commonly used medicine match. In addition, through cluster analysis, a total of 4 core herbs compatibility and 2 new prescriptions were excavated. Herbs in the new prescriptions which are used to clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness were most frequently used. Through the analysis of the signal pathway of high frequency Chinese medicines, we found that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway may play important roles. Conclusion: The core Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are mainly clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness. The core Chinese medicines may play their anti-cervical cancer by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China,Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Influence of surface topography on the tactile friction of medical compression textiles was studied in this paper. The friction behavior was investigated for three kinds of medical textiles with various structures and compositions by using a textile friction analyzer under dry condition. In order to simulate the contacts of textiles/human finger, a mechanical skin model with similar texture to the skin and applied normal load oflN were selected. Meanwhile, the 3D surface topography of textiles was measured using a digital microscope. The topographical data were analyzed concerning height distribution and material ratio, and the real contact area was estimated as a function of penetration depth. Results showed that the investigated textiles revealed a significant variation on the friction coefficients, which were ( 0.41 ± 0.01 ) ( polyamide, jersey 2 × 2 ), (0.56 ± 0. 01) (cotton, jersey 2×2) and (0. 47 ± 0. 01) (polyamide, jersey 1 × 1 ), respectively. The textile with higher friction coefficient was found to own a relative compact and homogenous surface and larger contact area, vice versa.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei(No.H2018201179)Hebei University of Science and Technology(No.QN2016077)Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei(No.20160388).
文摘Objective:Excavate the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer,study the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Collate and analyze the relevant prescriptions collected from CNKI and the core drug combination and the new formula are obtained by adopting the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(TCMISSV2.5).Use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tool to analyze KEGG pathways of high frequency drugs and predict the potential signal pathways.Results:Data mining has selected 10 pairs of core herb combinations and 5 new recipes of 133 prescriptions.In the network pharmacology analysis of bai zhu,huang qi,fu ling,the potential signaling pathways of its action are the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion:Herbs for invigorating spleen and qi and herbs for nourishing blood and activating blood are commonly used to prevent and treat postoperative complications of breast cancer.Core herbs may play their role by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.
文摘Long-term, body-adhered medical devices rely on an adhesive interface to maintain contact with the patient. The greatest threat to on-body adhesion is mechanical stress imparted on the medical device. Several factors contribute to the ability of the device to withstand such stresses, such as the mechanical design, shape, and size of the device. This analysis investigates the impact that design changes to the device have on the stress and strain experienced by the system when acted on by a stressor. The analysis also identifies the design changes that are most effective at reducing the stress and strain. An explicit dynamic finite element analysis method was used to simulate several design iterations and a regression analysis was performed to quantify the relationship between design and resultant stress and strain. The shape, height, size, and taper of the medical device were modified, and the results indicate that, to reduce stress and strain in the system, the device should resemble a square in shape, be short in height, and small in size with a large taper. The square shape experienced 17.5% less stress compared to the next best performing shape. A 10% reduction in device height resulted in a 21% reduction in stress and 24% reduction in strain. A 20% reduction in device size caused a 7% reduction in stress and 2% reduction in strain. A 20% increase in device taper size led to a negligible reduction in stress and a 6% reduction in strain. The height of the device had the greatest impact on the resultant stress and strain.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (No.H2018201179)Hebei University of Science and Technology (No. QN2016077)Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei (No. 20160388).