Multi-omics analyses provide insights into the evolutionary history and the synthesis of medicinal components of the Chinese wingnut

Chinese wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera)is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae.However,the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research.In this study,we successfully assembled its chromosome-level genome and performed multiomics analyses to address its evolutionary history and synthesis of medicinal components.A thorough examination of genomes has uncovered a significant expansion in the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain gene family among the winged group in Juglandaceae.This notable increase may be attributed to their frequent exposure to flood-prone environments.After further differentiation between Chinese wingnut and Cyclocarya paliurus,significant positive selection occurred on the genes of NADH dehydrogenase related to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in Chinese wingnut,enhancing its ability to cope with waterlogging stress.Comparative genomic analysis revealed Chinese wingnut evolved more unique genes related to arginine synthesis,potentially endowing it with a higher capacity to purify nutrient-rich water bodies.Expansion of terpene synthase families enables the production of increased quantities of terpenoid volatiles,potentially serving as an evolved defense mechanism against herbivorous insects.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis,we identified the candidate genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid volatiles.Our study offers essential genetic resources for Chinese wingnut,unveiling its evolutionary history and identifying key genes linked to the production of terpenoid volatiles.

Effect of Chuanzhifang component (ZGC) on macrophage inflammatory injury based on whole gene expression profile

Objective: The effect of Chuanzhi Fang (ZGC) on the whole genome expression profile of RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed, and to explore the possible mechanism of action and core target of this formula on macrophage inflammatory injury at the overall level. Methods: A model of LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells was constructed, and the effect of ZGC intervention on the genome-wide expression of inflammatory macrophages 3was examined by gene microarray technology, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed for significantly differentially expressed genes among each group. Results: The results of genome-wide expression profiling microarray analysis showed that the ZGC intervention group upregulated the expression of 5 genes including C4bp and inhibited the expression of 22 genes including Mgat3, Psma6, and Siglecg relative to the LPS model group. KEGG signaling pathway analysis results showed that ZGC mainly acted through cytokine receptor interaction and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: ZGC can interfere with the abnormal expression of 27 genes in inflammatory macrophages, and the related genes may exert corresponding anti-inflammatory effects by affecting cytokine receptor interactions, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway.

Tocolysis Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Their Effective Components

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for anti-abortion is based on the theory of gynecology of TCM,which aims to prevent and treat abdominal pain during pregnancy,fetal leakage,uneasy fetal movement,and fetal atrophy.Because of the complexity of the ingredients of Chinese Materia Medica,and the imprecise intervention mechanism for tocolysis,further investigation about the effects of Chinese herbs and their components on tocolysis by utilizing advanced technologies is required to be made.All the information available about TCM and its effects on pregnant women and fetuses was collected via electronic search using Web of Science,PubMed,and CNKI,and a library search was performed to locate classic herbal medicine books.The active ingredients in TCM were screened with the help of Traditional chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP).The keywords being used included herbal names,pharmacology,pregnancy,threatened abortion,and fetus.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that TCM mainly prevents threatened abortion by a direct effect on the pregnant woman’s immune system,sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone,the uterus and the endometrium,and the decidual tissue such as the placenta.It may also address pregnancy complications due to advanced maternal age,infection,polycystic ovary syndrome,diabetes,and mental disorders caused by threat of a miscarriage.TCM protects against spontaneous miscarriage,but its mechanisms are largely unknown.This research applies scientific methods to characterize and examine the effective components of TCM and their application to lower the risk of abortion to the pregnant women and fetuses.

Clinical Study of Pai-Neng-Da Capsule(派能达胶囊) in the Treatment of Chronic Aplastic Anemia

Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pai-Neng-Da Capsule（派能达胶囊t panaxadiol saponins component,PND）,a new Chinese patent medicine,on patients with chronic aplastic anemia（CAA）and to explore the optimal therapeutic regimen for CAA.Method：A total of 36 patients with CAA were enrolled and divided into three groups：the AP group（20 cases,andriol 120 mg/day ＋ PND 240 mg/day）,the ACP group（13 cases,andriol 120 mg/day ＋ cyclosporine 3-6 mg·kd（-1）·day（-1） ＋ PND 240 mg/day）,and the PND group（3cases,PND 240 mg/day）.All patients were treated and followed up for 6 months.Peripheral blood counts,renal and hepatic function and Chinese medical（CM） symptoms of patients were assessed and all indices were gathered at the beginning and end of the study.Result：In the AP group,no significant hematologic difference was observed at the end of 6-month treatment comparing with the beginning.In the ACP group,the blood counts were maintained at the same level after the 6-month treatment.In the PND group,trilineage hematologic improvement was displayed at the end of 6-month treatment comparing with the beginning.No significant difference was showed in renal and hepatic function in all patients.All patients＇ clinical symptom improved according to CM symptom score.The effective rates were 95%,73%and 100%,respectively.Conclusion：PND improved the efficacy and decreased side effects by cutting down the dosage of andriol,and it could also improve patients＇ clinical symptom and quality of life.PND were effective and safe in the treatment of CAA,it could be used alone or in combination with pharmacological agents such as andriol and cyclosporine.