In-vitro antimicrobial activity screening of some ethnoveterinary medicinal plants traditionally used against mastitis,wound and gastrointestinal tract complication in Tigray Region,Ethiopia

Objective:To screen the antibacterial activity of nine ethnoveterinary plants traditionally used for the treatment of mastitis,wound and gastrointestinal complications.Methods:Hydroalcoholic exctracts of medicinal plants namely,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera) L.(Family Asparagaceae),Ficus caria(F.caria)(Family Moraceae).Malvi parviflora(M.parviflora)(Family Malvaceae),Vernonia species(V.species) docal name Alakit.Family Asteraceae),Solatium hastifolium(S.hastifolium)(Family Solanaceae),Calpurinia aurea(C.aurea)(Ait) Benth(Family Fabaceae),Nicotiana tabacum(N.tabacum) L.(Family Solanaceae),Ziziphus spina-christi(Z.spina-christi)(Family Rhamnaceae).Croton macroslachys(C.macrostachys)(Family Fuphorhiaceae).were screened against clinical bacterial isolates of veterinary importance from October 2007 to April2009.The antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion at two concentrations(200 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) and broth dilution methods using 70%methanol macerated leal extracts.Results:With the exception ol S.hastifolium all plant extracts exhibited antibacterial activity.Among the medicinal plants tested C.aurea.C.macrostachyus,A.aspera,N.tabacum and vcrnonia species(Alakit) showed the most promising antimicrobial properties.Conclusions:It can be concluded that many of the tested plants have antibacterial activity and supports the traditional usage of the plants for mastitis,wound and gastrointestinal complications treatment.Further studies into their toxicity and phytochemistry is advocated.

Advances in Plant Science and Its Prospects

Focusing on the global food security and analyzing the challenges now confronting human being of global climate change,sustainable development of agriculture,energy and environment,plant scientists should take the social responsibility and play the role in solving the global problems like food security from the developmental status and potential of plant science and technology. Moreover,by working with agronomists, ecologists and environmental experts,plant scientists do provide novel ideas and technologies for developing low carbon agriculture,for breeding new crop varieties with high yield and quality and stress resistance,for developing new type of energy plants,for supplying healthy foods and drugs,reasonably using land and water resources,and for ameliorating environment,making better contribution to the sustainable development of the globe and human being ourselves.

Local Knowledge on Plants and Domestic Remedies in the Mountain Villages of Peshkopia(Eastern Albania)

Ethnobotanical studies in the Balkans are crucial for fostering sustainable rural development in the region and also for investigating the dynamics of change of Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK),which has broad-sweeping implications for future biodiversity conservation efforts.A survey of local botanical and medical knowledge and practices was conducted in four mountainous villages of the Peshkopia region in northeast Albania,near the Macedonian border.Snowball sampling techniques were employed to recruit 32 informants for participation in semi-structured interviews regarding the use of the local flora for food,medicinal,veterinary and ritual purposes.The uses of 84 botanical taxa were recorded as well as a number of other folk remedies for the treatment of both humans and livestock.Comparison of the collected data with another ethnobotanical field study recently conducted among Albanians living on the Macedonian side of Mount Korab shows a remarkable divergence in medicinal plant uses,thus confirming the crucial role played by the history of the last century in transforming TEK.Most noteworthy,as a legacy of the Communist period,a relevant number of wild medicinal taxa are still gathered only for trade rather than personal/familial use.This may lead to unsustainable exploitation of certain taxa(i.e.Orchis and Gentiana spp.) and presents some important conservation challenges.Appropriate development and environmental educational frameworks should aim to reconnect local people to the perception of limitation and renewability of botanical resources.

Anti-inflammatory evaluation and acute toxicity of three food supplements that contain Moussonia deppeana

Objective:To identify the anti-inflammatory activity through two murine models and in the median Lethal Dose(LD_(50)) of three dietary supplements that contain Moussonia deppeana.Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity of three dietary supplements(Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R),Gastinol^(R),and Gastrovita^(R)) EtOH extracts was evaluated by TPA and by carrageenan murine models;also,median Lethal Dose(LD_(50)) was determined.Verbascoside was quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.β-sitosterol,stigmasterol and the mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids were identified in all supplements by TLC;however,none of these dietary supplements contain verbascoside.Results:For the TPA model,Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R)generated a notable effect with 38.24%inhibition.While in the carrageenan model,it also exhibited noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity of ear edema with 66.39%of paw edema inhibition at 150 mg/kg,followed by Gastinol^(R) and Gastrovita^(R) with 50%at 300 mg/kg.Finally,LD_(50) was >2 g/kg for all supplements,when was administered intragastrically and Body Weight(BW) gain in mice was not altered after 14 days.Conclusions:Of the three food supplements containing M.deppeana,only the EtOH extract from the Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R)formulation(tablets) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both experimental models and the LD_(50) was > 2 g/kg.

Plant diversity in herbal tea and its traditional knowledge in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China

Herbal teas composed of locally occurring plant species have long been used as the primary form of health care in Qingtian County,Zhejiang Province,China.However,large-scale emigration overseas and an aging population threaten the conservation of traditional knowledge of these herbal teas.Traditional knowledge about the plants used for these herbal teas is not well documented in Qingtian,despite their widespread use.The aim of this study was to assess the plant-cultural diversity of plants used as herbal teas,and to point out the prospective value of herbal teas used by Qingtian people.This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews,as well as field and market surveys.Forty-three local informants were interviewed.We recorded plant resources,plant parts used,local names,and medicinal uses.Quantitative ethnobotanical indices,including cognitive salience(CS),frequency of citation(FC),index of informant consensus(Fic)and use value(UV),were calculated to analyze the level of representativeness and relative importance of plants used in herbal teas.One hundred and twenty-nine species belonging to 75 families and 113 genera were reported to be used in herbal tea,with Compositae being the richest family.Whole plants are most commonly used to make herbal teas(66.7%).In this study,informants reported that 92.2%of plant species used in herbal teas are wild.The most utilized herbal preparation form is dry/fresh.Informants reported that herbal teas are used to treat 31 ailments.Our results show that the highest representativeness,based on CS and FC,was recorded for species Actinidia eriantha.Based on UV,the top five most used species are Goodyera schlechtendaliana,Plantago asiatica,Prunella vulgaris,Lophatherum gracile and Leonurus japonicus.The highest Fic was cited for dental medicine.This study helps document the status of current herbal teas in Qingtian.The use value and traditional knowledge of herbal teas have provided basic data for further research focused on bioactivity studies and sustainable utilization of the most important species.

药食同源植物杀虫剂制备及其防治效果

以常见药食同源植物辣椒和花椒的果实、大蒜鳞茎和洋葱鳞叶为试验材料,与有效微生物群(Effective microorganisms,EM)菌液混合发酵制作杀虫剂,使用液相色谱分析其杀虫成分含量;结合室内和田间试验,筛选高效生物杀虫剂并评估其杀虫效果。结果表明,花椒125g,辣椒25g,大蒜125g,洋葱250g混合发酵30d,稀释30倍液得到最佳杀虫活性物A;施药后第6天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,虫口减退率为92.38%。田间试验结果表明,杀虫剂A在施药后第5天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,校正防效为78.05%;与市售植物源杀虫剂比较,杀虫剂A持效时间较长,在施药后第6天虫口减退率为70.29%,校正防效为82.95%,杀虫效果显著高于0.3%印楝素乳油和1.3%苦参碱水剂。研究得到一种高效植物源杀虫剂A,为药食同源植物制备杀虫剂研发及其在生产中推广应用提供试验依据和有效方法。

复合植物菌剂对断奶仔猪生长指标、血液免疫指标及粪便微生物的影响

以益生菌复配药食同源植物制备的复合植物菌剂为无抗饲料添加剂,研究基础饲粮中添加复合植物菌剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液免疫指标及粪便微生物的影响,旨在评估复合植物菌剂作为饲料添加剂的效果。选取24日龄的断奶仔猪54头,随机分为3组:分别饲喂基础饲粮(空白组)、基础饲粮+50 g/t金霉素(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.2%复合植物菌剂(试验组),其中每组设3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,预试期3 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪的末质量、平均日增量和头均耗料量显著升高(P<0.05),发病率和腹泻率降低约50%(P<0.05);血液生化指标中,总蛋白、白蛋白、谷草转氨酶和葡萄糖含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05);IgG、IgM和IgA含量显著增加(P<0.05);粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在基础饲粮中添加0.2%复合植物菌剂可以显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高血液免疫指标,促进肠道有益菌的增殖。

10种类茶植物的营养成分及抗氧化活性分析

该研究对贵州黔西南州布依族苗族地区的10种常见类茶植物进行蛋白质、氨基酸、多酚、类黄酮及多糖等营养成分进行测定,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行分析评价。结果表明:野茼蒿中总氨基酸含量(22.30 g/100 g)远高于其他类茶植物;缫丝花含有较高的总多糖(124.54 mg/g)、芦丁(1892.44μg/g)、表儿茶素(869.93μg/g);蒲公英中总酚(34.15 mg/g)和总黄酮(19.22 mg/g)含量较高;苣荬菜具有较强的DPPH及ABTS^(+)自由基清除能力,分别为72.11%和66.85%;车前表现出较显著的Fe^(2+)还原能力(10.02μmol FeSO_(4)/g);黄鹌菜中绿原酸和对香豆酸含量相对较高,分别为812.91μg/g和2046.10μg/g;马鞭草中阿魏酸含量(1062.53μg/g)最高。

药食同源植物发展及应用的研究与探讨

药食同源植物同时具备食用性和药性。随着社会的不断发展以及人们健康意识的提高,药食同源植物的管理越来越规范,其应用产业日益受到瞩目和青睐。药食同源植物具备良好的功能性、安全性、绿色化及政策加持等优势,其在植物饮料、保健食品、养殖、食品添加剂等行业中有着广泛应用。但目前药食同源产业也存在基础研究薄弱、标准体系不够完善、产品同质化严重等问题。因此,本文通过对历史书籍、文献资料、法规政策等的梳理和分析,阐述药食同源植物的渊源及发展历程,药食同源植物的优势及其应用,分析药食同源植物目前存在的主要问题,并提出相应的建议,以期为药食同源产业蓬勃发展提供理论支持,为“健康中国”战略有效实施助力。

铁皮石斛生态种植及药理应用分析

本文分析了铁皮石斛的生态种植技术,包括肥料施用、病虫害防治、土壤管理及其环境效益;阐述了铁皮石斛的主要药理作用,包括免疫调节、抗炎作用、心血管保护、抗氧化和抗衰老等,以及其在功能性食品、中医药及临床中的具体应用;针对铁皮石斛生态种植和应用中面临的技术、市场和资金等挑战,基于铁皮石斛农业与医学有机结合的视角,从技术创新、标准化建设、资金与政策支持、多学科协作及国际合作5个方面对其未来发展进行展望。旨在提升铁皮石斛的产品质量和市场竞争力。

植物运动型饮料的开发研究

对以红景天、龙眼、桑叶、大枣为主要原料,柠檬酸、蔗糖、明胶等为辅料的植物运动型饮料进行了研究。结果表明,此饮料的最佳配方为红景天0.6%、龙眼0.5%、桑叶0.5%、大枣3%、蔗糖6%、柠檬酸0.03%、明胶0.2%。

贵州民族地区传统常用野生药食两用植物研究

结合贵州省第四次中药资源普查(试点)工作,应用民族植物学的研究方法,通过资料收集、民间访谈和野外调查工作,收集并记录了贵州少数民族社区传统利用药食两用植物的传统知识以及其他相关信息,共调查统计了37科72种药食两用植物,其中以菊科(8种)、蔷薇科(7种)、唇形科(6种)最多,根据利用部位分为果类(28种)、叶类(27种),茎类(12种),根类(6种)、全草类(6种)、花类(3种),根据食用价值可以分为果类(23种)、蔬菜类(21种)、调味香料类(12种)、食用色素类(9类)、淀粉及蛋白质类(8种)、其他类(茶饮类、蜜源类、酒曲类等5种)等,并对每一个种的药用功效方面进行了考证。从调查中可以看出:药食两用植物的利用在民族地区群众的日常生活中,特别是饮食中仍占有相当重要的分量,其应用前景广阔。如何在经济快速发展、生活方式转变的今天,防止传统知识急剧流失和环境的破坏需要更多的研究和关注。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测中药材及植物性食品中23种有毒生物碱

目的建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定中药材及植物性食品样品中23种有毒生物碱的检测方法。方法样品用氢氧化钠调节pH至7.5,加入硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液,乙酸乙酯萃取,氮吹近干后,用UPLC-MS/MS法同时对23种生物碱进行定性定量分析,外标法定量。结果在相应的质量浓度范围内,23种生物碱在不同基质样品中均有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9989~0.9999。全部样品回收率为61.2%~107.3%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~8.4%。各类样品检出限为0.01~0.40μg/kg,定量限为0.03~1.33μg/kg。结论本方法简单、准确、快速,可实现23种常见生物碱的多组分同时测定,为生物碱中毒的快速筛查和确证提供了检测时间上的优势,可用于疑似中药材和植物性食品生物碱中毒的应急事件处理,并为临床治疗提供技术支撑。

药食同源植物LC-MS技术分析的研究进展

药食同源植物因其不良反应小、药用价值高、天然、安全的特点而得到广泛应用,药食同源植物化学成分的深入研究可以明确其营养价值和药用价值。近十年来,液质联用(LC-MS,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)技术的快速发展极大地推动了药食同源植物化学成分的研究,在药食同源植物功的功效成分分析和质量控制中得到广泛应用并逐渐成为主流技术。本文从LC-MS技术的发展和药食同源植物研究中LC-MS技术应用方法两个方面,阐述了近十年来LC-MS技术分析药食同源植物化学成分的研究进展,以期为深入研究药食同源植物提供参考。

药食同源中药杜仲应用及产品现状分析

杜仲作为我国特有物种,其全株皮、叶、籽、雄花等资源在医药、食品、化工等领域均有较广泛的应用。以杜仲皮、叶及其提取物、杜仲雄花为原料,开发成中成药、保健食品、普通食品、中兽药及饲料添加剂、日化用品等多种产品。系统总结杜仲在各领域中的应用,在传统应用记载基础上,梳理杜仲原料法规、产品现状并对其进行组方及配伍分析,以期为杜仲资源的深度开发、挖掘及扩大应用范围提供参考。

贮藏方式对4种药食两用植物种子萌发的影响

为探明野甘草(Scoparia dulcis)、车前(Plantago asiatica)、土人参(Talinum paniculatum)和鳢肠(Eclipta prostrate)4种药食两用植物种子萌发特性和解除休眠的最佳贮藏条件,对4种药用植物种子进行30天的室温干燥贮藏、15℃暖层积、4℃低温层积和0℃冰冻贮藏,测定其萌发率和萌发速度。结果显示,4种植物种子扩散时活性极高(>96%),土人参和鳢肠种子扩散时的萌发率分别为94%和98%,野甘草和车前种子扩散时萌发率不足30%。野甘草种子经过室温干燥贮藏(25℃,70.67%;25℃/15℃,26%)和15℃暖层积(25℃,82%;25/15℃,31.33%)萌发率显著高于贮藏前(24%~26%)、4℃低温层积(0.67%~12%)和0℃冰冻贮藏(0~8%)的种子。经过4℃层积的车前种子萌发率(34%)显著大于贮藏前(29%)、室温干燥贮藏(16.7%~18.7%)、15℃暖层积(11.3%~13.3%)和0℃冰冻贮藏(0%~0.6%)的种子。野甘草和车前种子在成熟时有较低萌发率,具有一定程度休眠;土人参和鳢肠为非休眠种子;室温干燥储藏和15℃暖温层积可有效破除野甘草部分种子休眠,4℃低温层积可破除车前部分种子休眠,提高萌发率和萌发速度。

高黎贡山区域傈僳族药食两用植物的医学解读

对高黎贡山区域傈僳族可用于食用的药用植物及制品进行了收集整理,探寻其内在的医药价值,可以发现饮食即养生。餐桌上的菜肴,不仅仅是用色香味来表达傈僳族人对饮食文化的热爱,更是承担着颐养生命、增强体质、预防疾病的活动。

贵州特色药食两用资源及其在食品工业中的应用

贵州是一个多民族聚居、各类资源丰富的省份,尤其以药食两用植物资源大量富集。综述了贵州特色的药食两用植物资源:苗药资源、薏苡仁、刺梨和鱼腥草的主要功效,并介绍了它们在食品工业中的应用,旨在促进贵州特色资源的利用和开发,推动贵州食品产业的多样化。

种植年限对洛党参叶和根部分性状的影响

研究种植于贵州省道真县洛龙镇海拔1500 m的2、3、4年生洛党参叶和根的部分性状,结果表明,随着种植年限的增加,叶部叶绿素a呈显著降低趋势;种植2、3、4年的洛党参根中可溶性多糖和可溶性蛋白质没有显著差异;随种植年限增加,洛党参单株质量增加,木质部占比增加。木质化会影响洛党参口感,将洛党参作药食兼用植物在海拔1500 m推广种植要慎重。

药食两用植物含义辨析

药食两用植物是重要的生物资源,在食品工业中具有广泛用途。但是当前药食两用植物的概念不清晰、含义不明确,严重影响了中国食品尤其是保健食品的研究、开发与生产。文章依据国家相关标准和法规,探讨了保健食品的实质,厘清了药食两用植物的含义,指出广义的药食两用植物是指既能用于食品又能用于药品的植物,包括能够用于保健食品的药用植物。