A Dual-Cluster-Head Based Medium Access Control for Large-Scale UAV Ad-Hoc Networks

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)ad hoc network has achieved significant growth for its flexibility,extensibility,and high deployability in recent years.The application of clustering scheme for UAV ad hoc network is imperative to enhance the performance of throughput and energy efficiency.In conventional clustering scheme,a single cluster head(CH)is always assigned in each cluster.However,this method has some weaknesses such as overload and premature death of CH when the number of UAVs increased.In order to solve this problem,we propose a dual-cluster-head based medium access control(DCHMAC)scheme for large-scale UAV networks.In DCHMAC,two CHs are elected to manage resource allocation and data forwarding cooperatively.Specifically,two CHs work on different channels.One of CH is used for intra-cluster communication and the other one is for inter-cluster communication.A Markov chain model is developed to analyse the throughput of the network.Simulation result shows that compared with FM-MAC(flying ad hoc networks multi-channel MAC,FM-MAC),DCHMAC improves the throughput by approximately 20%~50%and prolongs the network lifetime by approximately 40%.

IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control层QoS机制的改进研究

针对IEEE802.11e Medium Access Control层的QoS机制高负载时存在远端节点冲突和低优先级业务资源被耗尽的问题,提出在牺牲较小带宽的基础上增加一条忙音信道,取代CTS帧在数据信道上的广播,减少远端节点的冲突.仿真结果表明,该方案具有较小的冲突概率,有效地减少了远端节点冲突.同时提出一个解决公平性问题的新思路:在避退时间发送忙音抢占信道,以期提高低优先级业务的接入概率.

Virus spreading in wireless sensor networks with a medium access control mechanism

In this paper, an extended version of standard susceptible-infected （SI） model is proposed to consider the influence of a medium access control mechanism on virus spreading in wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis shows that the medium access control mechanism obviously reduces the density of infected nodes in the networks, which has been ignored in previous studies. It is also found that by increasing the network node density or node communication radius greatly increases the number of infected nodes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

基于MEC服务器优先服务的路侧单元MAC层调度策略

针对多接入边缘计算(MEC)服务器高可靠、低时延和大数据量的数据传输要求,基于无冲突接入、优先级架构和弹性服务技术,提出一种适用于车辆边缘计算场景下的媒体访问控制(MAC)调度策略。所提策略由车联网(IoV)路侧单元(RSU)集中协调信道接入权,优先确保车载网络中车载通信单元(OBU)与MEC服务器之间的链路传输质量,以及时传输车辆到网络(V2N)业务数据;同时,对本地OBU之间的业务采取弹性服务方式,增强密集车辆接入时应急消息传输的可靠性。首先,构建调度策略的排队分析模型;其次,根据各时刻系统状态变量的无后效性特点建立嵌入式马尔可夫链,并通过概率母函数的分析方法对系统进行理论分析,得到MEC服务器通信单元和OBU的平均排队队长、平均等待时延和RSU查询周期等关键指标的精确解析表达式。计算机仿真实验结果表明,统计分析结果与理论计算结果一致,所提调度策略在高负载情况下能够提高IoV的稳定性和灵活性。

Medium Access Control： A Physical Layer Network- Coded Approach

This paper investigates the medium access control （MAC） stratifies for communication systems. Since the signals are naturally superposed in public medium, we introduce physical layer network coding into MAC system and propose the physical layer network coded MAC （PNC-MAC） to utilize the collisions occurring in the MAC process. The implicit expressions of the throughput and average delay of the system operated with the new algorithm are derived in an iterative way. To show the performance of the algorithm, we compare the throughput and average delay induced by the new algorithm with current schemes via simulations. The results show that when operated with our proposed PNC-MAC, MAC system can achieve a larger throughput while the frames bear shorter average delay. Moreover, in many users case, the throughput increases slightly while the average delay ascends drastically.

Performance Analysis of WLAN Medium Access Control Protocols in Simulcast Radio-Over-Fiber-Based Distributed Antenna Systems

The performance of three wireless local-area network(WLAN) media access control(MAC) protocols is investigated and compared in the context of simulcast radioover-fiber-based distributed antenna systems(RoF-DASs) where multiple remote antenna units(RAUs) are connected to one access point(AP) with different-length fiber links.The three WLAN MAC protocols under investigation are distributed coordination function(DCF) in basic access mode,DCF in request/clear to send(RTS/CTS) exchange mode,and point coordination function(PCF).In the analysis,the inter-RAU hidden nodes problems and fiber-length difference effect are both taken into account.Results show that adaptive PCF mechanism has better throughput performances than the other two DCF modes,especially when the inserted fiber length is short.

Distributed multichannel medium access control protocol without common control channel for single-hop cognitive radio networks

A novel distributed cognitive radio multichannel medium access protocol without common control channel was proposed.The protocol divided a transmission interval into two parts for exchanging control information and data,respectively.In addition to evaluating system saturation throughput of the proposed protocol,a three-dimensional multi channel Markov chain model to describe the sate of the cognitive users (CUs) in dynamic spectrum access was presented.The proposed analysis was applied to the packet transmission schemes employed by the basic,RTS/CTS access mechanism adopted in the normal IEEE 802.11.Analyzing the advantage of the two methods,a hybrid access mechanism was proposed to improve the system throughput.The simulation results show that the experiment results are close to the value computed by the model (less than 5%),and the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system throughput by borrowing the licensed spectrum.By analyzing the dependence of throughput on system parameters,hybrid mechanism dynamically selecting access mechanism can maintain high throughput.

An IEEE 802.3 Compatible Real Time Medium Access Control with Length-based Priority

A new medium access control method is proposed over the predominant Ethernet broadcast channel. Taking advantages of intrinsic variable length characteristic of standard Ethemet frame, message-oriented dynamic priority mechanism is established. Prioritized medium access control operates under a so-called block mode in event of collisions. High priority messages have a chance to preempt block status incurred by low priority ones. By this means, the new MAC provides a conditional detrministic real time performance beyond a statistical one. Experiments effectiveness and attractiveness of the proposed scheme.Moreover,this new MAC is completely compatible with IEEE802.3 .

DQCA:a New Medium Access Control Protocol for MANs

A new medium access control protocol for MANs named DQCA(Distributed QueueCyclic Access)is presented in this paper.When the users of DQCA MAN transfer long files,the network will reach a steady state which is fair after a transient period.The transient pe-riod is shorter than that of DQDB.DQCA MAN has the flexibility in bandwidth allocation:the users can achieve different throughputs if the parameters,Pmax(i),are set to be differ-ent.The implementation of priority mechanism is simpler than that of DQDB.

Mobility Conscious Medium Access Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Conceptual Approach

Mobility in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) presents distinctive challenges in Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme. Numerous MAC protocols for sensor networks assume that sensor nodes are static and focus primarily on energy efficiency. This work seeks to develop an improved mobility conscious medium access control scheme for wireless sensor networks with a view to enhance energy conservation on mobile sensor nodes. On this note, mobility patterns of different scenarios are modelled using Gauss Markov Mobility Model (GMMM) to determine the position and distance of the sensor nodes and how they are correlated in time.

基于MAC准入控制与网络流量监控的哑终端入网管控系统设计

企业网络中大量哑终端设备的使用,给企业管理带来便利的同时,也带来较大安全隐患。通过分析主流准入控制方式的实现特点及不足,提出一种针对哑终端设备的MAC准入控制方式+网络流量监控相结合的准入控制方法,该方法能够利用2种认证方式的优点,弥补各认证方式自身的不足,使得针对哑终端设备的网络准入控制能够依托于接入交换机的MAC认证机制实现端口级别的管控。同时,根据哑终端设备网络业务流量相对固定的特点,采用网络流量监控的方式,为MAC准入控制方式提供持续性的、更细粒度的准入判决控制。

A DUAL RESERVATION CDMA-BASED MAC PROTOCOL WITH POWER CONTROL FOR AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.

A Media Access Control Scheme for Service Differentiation in Ad hoc Networks

IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function(DCF)can alleviate the collision and hidden station problem,but it doesn't differentiate traffic categories(TC).Therefore,it can't provide sufficient quality of service(QoS)support for different TC.Recently,a new contention-based enhanced distributed channel access(EDCA)scheme is proposed which provides a probabilistic QoS support.In this paper,an improved EDCA scheme for service differentiation in ad hoc networks is proposed.In this scheme,signal channel resistance coefficient is used to adjust the contention window(CW).It proves that the scheme provides the traffic differentiation,high throughput and low delay through simulation.

具有介质访问约束的网络化控制系统H∞状态估计

研究了一类存在介质访问约束和信号量化的网络化控制系统的H∞状态估计问题。首先,考虑到介质访问约束和信号量化的影响,将信号量化误差转化为扇形有界的不确定性,对由于访问约束而未获得网络传输的系统输出采用加权补偿策略,根据网络介质的随机访问机制将网络化系统建模为具有不确定性的马尔可夫跳跃系统。然后,在此基础上借助李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和H∞性能约束条件,利用线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)方法给出状态估计器存在的充分条件,所设计的状态估计器使得估计误差系统渐近稳定且具有给定的H∞性能。最后,通过仿真实例验证了该设计方法的有效性。

具有访问约束和数据丢包的网络化系统H_(∞)鲁棒控制

针对同时存在访问约束和数据丢包的网络化控制系统,研究了H_(∞)鲁棒控制方法的设计问题.首先,采用Bernoulli随机过程来描述系统的数据丢包过程,并根据介质访问约束的随机访问机制建立了离散时间马尔可夫跳变系统模型;其次,通过Lyapunov稳定性理论和LMI技术导出闭环系统随机稳定的充分条件,并设计了相应的H_(∞)鲁棒控制器,使得闭环系统随机稳定并具有给定的H_(∞)性能;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提控制方案的正确性和有效性.

无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,MAC(medium access control)协议是保证网络高效通信的重要协议.无线传感器网络有着与传统无线网络明显不同的性能特点和技术要求,传统无线网络MAC协议无法应用于传感器网络,各种针对特定传感器网络特点的MAC协议相继提出.归纳无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则和分类方法,分析当前典型的各类MAC协议的主要机制,详细比较这些协议的特点、性能差异和应用范围.最后总结无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状,指出未来的研究重点.

无线局域网EDCA机制MAC接入延时分析

提出一种分析模型,基于信号流图和母函数方法分析了无线局域网中EDCA(enhanced distribution channel access)机制的MAC(medium access control)接入延时.得到了MAC接入延时的概率分布和相关的数字特征,包括接入延时的均值、方差、标准差和变异系数.仿真结果与模型的分析结果吻合良好,验证了模型和计算方法的正确性.进一步分析了各类AC(access category)的发送概率、碰撞概率、挂起概率和延时均值随终端数目变化的规律;分析了MAC接入延时的成因;指出了AIFS(arbitration inter frame spacing)值对MAC接入延时的影响;指出接入延时的变异系数大于1,因此,采用负指数分布作为MAC接入延时的近似分布,会错误地估计系统的服务能力.

基于路由信息的无线传感器网络跨层MAC协议

为解决S-MAC协议的时延问题,提出了一种基于路由信息的MAC协议RC-MAC协议。协议采用跨层优化的方法,通过修改MAC层帧结构在该层中引入网络层所提供的路由信息,使节点能够预先知晓路径,实现预约信道并提前进行握手,提高了网络的传输效率。此外,通过引入多次自适应侦听,使数据能够在一个调度周期内传输多跳,减少了端到端时延并提高了吞吐量。通过理论分析和仿真验证了RC-MAC协议在未引入过多能量消耗的基础上相对S-MAC协议能够减少时延50%左右,在网络负载大时可有效提高网络吞吐量30%左右。

基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的无线传感器网络MAC协议

针对周期汇报型无线传感器网络(WSN)中的无线信号冲突和能量利用效率问题,提出了一种基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的媒体访问控制(UM-MAC)协议。该协议基于时分多路复用(TDMA)调度机制,将效用模型引入无冲突的节点工作时隙分配过程中,把链路可靠性、网络能耗归纳到一个统一的效用优化框架中;进而提出了一个启发式算法,使网络能够快速找到一个基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的节点工作时隙调度方案。将UM-MAC协议与S-MAC协议和冲突避免MAC(CA-MAC)协议进行比较,在不同节点数量的网络环境中,UM-MAC获得的网络效用较大,平均数据包成功发送率较高,生命周期介于S-MAC与CA-MAC之间,在不同的网络负载下所有节点发数据包到汇聚节点的平均时延有所增加。仿真实验结果表明:UM-MAC协议较好地解决了冲突干扰问题,提高了网络的数据包成功发送率和能量利用效率等性能;在低网络负载时,TDMA类协议的性能并不比竞争类协议好。