Distributed multichannel medium access control protocol without common control channel for single-hop cognitive radio networks

A novel distributed cognitive radio multichannel medium access protocol without common control channel was proposed.The protocol divided a transmission interval into two parts for exchanging control information and data,respectively.In addition to evaluating system saturation throughput of the proposed protocol,a three-dimensional multi channel Markov chain model to describe the sate of the cognitive users (CUs) in dynamic spectrum access was presented.The proposed analysis was applied to the packet transmission schemes employed by the basic,RTS/CTS access mechanism adopted in the normal IEEE 802.11.Analyzing the advantage of the two methods,a hybrid access mechanism was proposed to improve the system throughput.The simulation results show that the experiment results are close to the value computed by the model (less than 5%),and the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system throughput by borrowing the licensed spectrum.By analyzing the dependence of throughput on system parameters,hybrid mechanism dynamically selecting access mechanism can maintain high throughput.

DQCA:a New Medium Access Control Protocol for MANs

A new medium access control protocol for MANs named DQCA(Distributed QueueCyclic Access)is presented in this paper.When the users of DQCA MAN transfer long files,the network will reach a steady state which is fair after a transient period.The transient pe-riod is shorter than that of DQDB.DQCA MAN has the flexibility in bandwidth allocation:the users can achieve different throughputs if the parameters,Pmax(i),are set to be differ-ent.The implementation of priority mechanism is simpler than that of DQDB.

空基网络中定向自组网关键技术研究综述

基于定向天线的移动自组织网络被广泛应用于军事领域,尤其对于具有易实施、高隐蔽性、高保密性要求的空基网络,定向天线比全向天线更具有优势,它具有更远的传输范围,减小了节点间的相互干扰,能够实现空间复用能力的提升。但是定向天线的引入在增加通信距离的同时也会带来一些问题,给许多协议层带来破坏性的副作用。目前,国内外研究人员已提出多种算法来解决这些问题。结合空基网络的复杂性,研究了国内外提出的基于定向天线的移动自组网数据链路层和网络层的各类算法和协议,总结对比近年来定向邻居发现算法、媒体访问控制协议和定向路由协议三种关键技术,并提出更适合用于空基网络的技术与协议,最后对这些算法和协议的下一步研究提供了一些方向。

基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法

针对恶劣条件下对集群编队网络自组织构建的要求,对无线自组织网络组网算法进行了研究,将几种媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议进行深度融合,提出了基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法。该算法通过随机竞争的方式来竞争主节点,避免装订节点身份过程繁琐或主节点被损毁导致网络陷入瘫痪的问题,提升编队组网的安全性;通过行为交互,每个节点获得专有的传输时隙,实现全网节点无冲突的数据传输,最终达到固定分配MAC协议的传输性能。最后,通过仿真对算法进行验证,结果表明16个节点在6s内完成组网,可有力支撑未来协同探测、协同制导等典型场景下对编队网络自组织构建的需求。

AN MAC PROTOCOL SUPPORTING MULTIPLE TRAFFIC OVER MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

This letter presents the design and performance of a multi-channel MAC protocol that supports multiple traffics for IEEE 802.11 mobile ad-hoc networks. The dynamic channel selection scheme by receiver decision is implemented and the number of the data channel is independent of the network topology. The priority for real-time traffic is assured by the proposed adaptive back off algorithm and different IFS. The protocol is evaluated by simulation and the results have shown that it can support multiple traffics and the performance is better than the performance that IEEE 802.11 standard provides.

A new multi-channel MAC protocol based on CDMA for ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a novel multichannel medium access control （MAC） protocol based on CDMA that improves network performance and reduces collision probability in wireless ad hoc networks. In the scheme, the code channel is divided into common channel, broadcast channel and several data channels. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can achieve significantly better performance than the IEEE 802.11 standard.

A Priority-aware Frequency Domain Polling MAC Protocol for OFDMA-based Networks in Cyber-physical Systems

Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliability constraints. One of the fundamental considerations for enabling CPS networks is the medium access control protocol. To this end, this paper proposes a novel priority-aware frequency domain polling medium access control (MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer to achieve instantaneous priority-aware polling. Based on the polling result, the proposed work then optimizes the resource allocation of the OFDMA network to further improve the data reliability. Due to the non-polynomial-complete nature of the OFDMA resource allocation, we propose two heuristic rules, based on which an efficient solution algorithm to the OFDMA resource allocation problem is designed. Simulation results show that the reliability performance of CPS networks is significantly improved because of this work. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Modeling and Simulation of P-Aloha,CSMA /CA and MACAW Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Channel

Medium access control( MAC) protocol of underwater acoustic communication network is a key technology for underwater acoustic networks( UANs). Most of the MAC protocols for wireless terrestrial communication networks have been designed with negligible propagation delay. If it is deployed directly in an underwater environment,the UANs will perform inefficiently. In this paper,the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel are modeled and simulated by using the OPNET simulation tool,which are the speed of sound, propagation loss, and four sources for ambient noise: the turbulence,shipping,wind driven waves and thermal noise. The performance of pure Aloha( P-Aloha),carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance( CSMA / CA) and multiple access collision avoidance for wireless local area network( MACAW) protocols in underwater acoustic channel environment are evaluated. The different performance of protocols in underwater environment is compared in the simulation.

Exploration of Energy Conservation MAC Protocol of WSNs for Ubiquitous Environment

According to analyze the facade phenomenon of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）,this paper proposes a feasible method to state clearly and improve the power control efficiency of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）. One of the crucial problems for WSNs is the design of medium access control （MAC） protocol. Our method want to adjust the activities of the MAC protocols control to achieve the enery conservation when the wireless communication module of sensor nodes is running, which is the major consumer of energy consumed by sensors energy. The energy efficiency of MAC protocol makes a strong impact on the network performance. To some extent,our research work describes and analyze the sources of energy consumption in MAC layer and simultaneously present an optimal method for the design of MAC protocol. Then we discusses some factors impacting on the performance of MAC protocol and metrics of performance evaluation. Eventually, the coming research direction is summarized.

A FULLY-HYBRID MAC PROTOCOL IN LANS

In announced hybrid protocols,there are two mechanisms usually employed.One operates in aCSMA family manner and the other follows a token passing family way.However,only one ofthem works efficiently when traffic is light or heavy.This results in an inefficient redundance and aburden to the protocol implementation.In this paper,we present a new hybrid concept and its idealmodel in which risky transmissions alternate with safe transmissions in response to the dynamicchange in traffic.Being similar to virtual time CSMA in the abstract,a single control mechanism isproposed to approach this ideal model.The mechanism is rather compact,and its implementationcan be designed to be simple,efficient,reliable,robust,and fully distributed without any centralizedelement at any instant.Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism performs well overthe entire range of the traffic load from light to heavy.

A DUAL RESERVATION CDMA-BASED MAC PROTOCOL WITH POWER CONTROL FOR AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.

一种水下接收端同步的并发媒体接入控制协议

针对水下声信号的低传播速度导致的时空不确定性问题,能够高效的利用水下声信道的长传播时延的信道预约技术,常被水下传感器网络的媒体接入控制协议的设计所采用,为了探索设计水下传感器网络的高性能媒体接入控制协议,以信道预约技术为基础,提出了一种新型的适用于移动水下传感器网络的,基于接收端同步的并发媒体接入控制协议,即CMACRS(concurrent medium access control based on receiver synchronization),新协议采用信道预约方法,实现了多个发送节点的并发传输。广泛的仿真结果显示,在吞吐量等性能方面,新协议优于非时隙级并发传输的水下媒体接入控制协议。

水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免媒体接入控制协议

近年来水声网络(UAN)技术飞速发展,但仍然面临诸多严峻挑战,能量效率成为水声网络的首要考虑因素。此外,水声信道传播时延大且可用带宽受限,严重制约了水声通信技术的可靠性和有效性,进而限制了水声网络的整体性能。定向通信技术可以有效改善上述情况,通过波束聚焦能力将声波能量聚集在一定角度范围内,获得比全向通信更高的通信范围和信噪比,提升整个网络的能耗效率和空间复用率。但该技术需要对目的节点的位置具备先验知识,且会面临“聋节点”问题,因此该文提出一个水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免(FDDCA)媒体接入控制(MAC)协议,通过装备两个分别处于不同工作频带的全向换能器和定向换能器解决“聋节点”问题,并通过降低节点的冲突域解决了“暴露终端”问题。仿真结果表明,与水下Aloha(UW-Aloha)和时隙地面多址接入(S-FAMA)协议相比,FDDCA在多汇聚节点的网络拓扑下吞吐量分别提升了140%和400%,网络能效上节省了90%和94%。

无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,MAC(medium access control)协议是保证网络高效通信的重要协议.无线传感器网络有着与传统无线网络明显不同的性能特点和技术要求,传统无线网络MAC协议无法应用于传感器网络,各种针对特定传感器网络特点的MAC协议相继提出.归纳无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则和分类方法,分析当前典型的各类MAC协议的主要机制,详细比较这些协议的特点、性能差异和应用范围.最后总结无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状,指出未来的研究重点.

Profibus和FF现场总线的性能分析与评价

在描述混合介质访问方式Profibus总线和集中介质访问方式FF(FoundationFieldbus)总线通信协议特点的基础上,系统地定义了现场总线控制系统FCS(FieldbusCointrolSystem)的网络性能指标;从数据帧结构和包信息率,周期性信息时延的确定性和有界性,以及负载与实际周转时间、吞吐量、非周期性信息时延、网络利用率、网络效率和负载完成率的关系方面,进行了Profibus总线和FF总线的定量定性的对比分析。分析结果表明,在周期性信息具有严格实时性要求的应用场合,选用FF总线比较适合;反之,选用Profibus总线比较好,从而为Profibus和FF总线通信协议的改进和实际工程应用提供理论和方法的指导。

CAN总线和Ethernet的性能分析与评价

目的分析在工业计算机控制系统中广为应用的基于事件触发方式的CAN总线和Ethernet的网络性能,为通信协议的改进和实际工程应用提供理论和方法的指导.方法通过载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免(CSMA/CA)的CAN总线和基于载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测(CSMA/CD)的Ethernet的通信协议分析数据帧结构和包信息率,并应用实时调度理论分析了周期性信息时延的确定性和有界性,利用一个典型的应用实例对网络性能进行二者的定量和定性分析.结果从分析信息到达间隔与吞吐量、平均信息时延、通信冲突率、网络利用率、网络效率和负载完成率的关系和通信实时性知,CAN总线在诸多性能方面好于Ethernet.结论在通信频繁的工业应用中,CAN总线特别适合于短通信距离的基于事件触发的现场信息实时通信.

控制网络的性能分析与评价

通过对支持工业现场设备实时通信控制网络的研究,为通信协议的改进和实际工程应用提供指导。从周期性信息时延的确定性、有界性和网络性能出发,对CAN总线(CSM A/CA)、E thernet(CSM A/CD)、P rofibus总线(混合介质访问方式)和FF总线(集中介质访问方式)的通信机制进行定量和定性的对比分析。由信息负载率与吞吐量、平均信息时延、通信冲突率和网络利用率的关系可知,CAN总线在诸多性能方面优于E thernet,FF总线在实时性方面优于P rofibus总线。因此CAN总线特别适合于短通信距离的基于事件触发的现场信息实时通信,FF总线适合于对周期性信息具有严格实时性要求的应用场合。

Aloha-LPD:一种用于水声通信网的MAC协议

为了减小长传播延迟对水声通信网性能的影响,在传统Aloha协议的基础上,借鉴CSMA协议载波侦听的思想,提出了一种用于水声通信网的MAC协议Aloha-LPD.利用水声通信的长传播延迟,采用半双工的通信方式,增加节点等待ACK回复帧过程中接收数据帧的机制,使一个节点同时与多个节点无冲突地通信.通过OPNET建立仿真模型,分析结果表明,与传统Aloha协议和基于RTS/CTS握手的协议相比,Aloha-LPD协议能够提高网络吞吐量,减小网络的端到端延迟.水声传输信道的长延迟是水声通信网性能的一大瓶颈,但如果能合理利用,也能改善水声通信网的性能.

多水下机器人编队通信研究

针对多水下机器人编队控制中的水下无线通信问题,提出了一种基于调度的水下无线环状媒介访问控制协议,克服了由于多跳带来的隐藏终端和暴露终端的问题,保证了系统通信的公平接入和周期性控制,同时通过采用数据包捎带技术,在数据包中携带令牌信息,减少额外发送令牌控制包等方法来提高系统吞吐量。N S仿真软件上的仿真实验分析了新协议的性能,通过与类似ALOHA的基于竞争协议的对比实验确定新协议的使用范围,验证了上述媒介访问控制协议的有效性和可行性。