Effects of Mn on Microstructures and Properties of Hot Rolled Low Carbon Bainitic Steels

Two kinds of Mn-Si-Mo low carbon steels were designed to study the effects of Mn on the microstructures and properties of hot rolled low carbon bainitic steels.To reduce the production cost,a very low Mo content of 0.13%was added in both steels.After hot rolling,the mechanical properties of samples were tested.Microstructure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results show that the strength of tested steels increases with the increase in Mn content,while the elongation decreases.When Mn content increases,the bainite microstructure increases.The results can provide a theoretical basis for composition design and industrial production of low cost low carbon bainitic steels.

Ratcheting led surface failure of medium carbon bainitic steel under mild operation conditions

The behavior of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of medium carbon bainitic back-up roll steel was investigated under its actual work conditions. A kind of asperity-scale surface originated cracks, which is lying parallel or at an acute angle to the surfaces, initiated after unidirectional plastic flow of the material in thin surface layer had occurred. Theoretical analysis indicates that they nucleate due to plastic ratcheting induced by asperity contact stresses, and consequently are named as ratcheting cracks. After nucleating and initially propagating, they arrest at some depth and resume propagating till about 70%-80% of the RCF failure life by initially turning parallel to contact surfaces. Their behavior of initiation and propagation is confined to a thin layer prior to the formation of surface distress. According to the critical principle of the preventive grinding strategy, removing the asperity influenced surface layer at about 70%-80% of the RCF failure life can effectively prevent the ratcheting cracks from developing into surface distress, which can lead to the formation of macro-RCF failure soon.

PHASE TRANSFORMATION UNIT OF BAINITIC FERRITE AND ITS SURFACE RELIEF IN LOW AND MEDIUM CARBON ALLOY STEELS

The lath-or plate-shaped bainitic ferrite of low and medium carbon alloy steels consists of packets of ferrite sublaths which are composed of many finer and regular ferrite blocks.They are uniform shear growth units of bainitic phase transformation.No carbide is precipitated from them.The bainitic O-carbides are precipitated from γ-α interface or carbon-rich austenite.The mode of arrangement of the units in ferrite sublath packet is in uni-or bi-di- rection.Single surface relief is produced by the accumulation of uniform shear strains with all the ferrite units arranged unidirectionally in a sublath packet,while tent-shaped surface relief is formed by the integration of the uniform shear strains of two groups with ferrite units piling up in two directions and growing face to face;whereas if they grow back to back,the integra- tion will be responsible for invert-tent-shaped surface relief.The interface trace between two groups of ferrite units in a sublath packet is shown as“midrib”.

Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Mo Microalloyed Bainitic Steel

Two kinds of low carbon bainitic steels,Nb-free Mo bearing and Nb + Mo addition steels,were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Nb on the microstructure and properties of Mo microalloyed low carbon high strength bainitic steel. No precipitates were observed in Nb-free Mo bearing steel,whereas,two types of precipitates,i.e.,Nb( C,N) and composite( Nb,Mo)( C,N),were observed in the Nb + Mo microalloyed steel,resulting in precipitation strengthening. The strength of Mo bearing steel was improved by addition of Nb under the same annealing conditions. The grain size of Nb addition steel was almost the same as Nb-free steel. Unlike the obvious grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in hot rolling,the increase in yield strength of Nb addition steels in cold rolling and annealing mainly results from the precipitation strengthening,while the effect of grain refinement strengthening can be almost ignored.

Vertical Short Crack Initiation in Medium Carbon Bainitic Steel Under Mild Tractive Rolling Contact

To improve the current grinding procedure of the back-up roll of CVC hot rolling mills so that the back-up roll service life can be extended, the crack initiation and propagation behavior of medium carbon bainitic back-up roll steel was investigated, a kind of asperity-scale, surface originated vertical short cracks occurred at 5 × 10^2 -1 × 10^4 cycles. Theoretical analysis indicated that the maximum tensile stress occurring at the back edge of the contact of asperities keeps at above 1 347. 97 MPa, and ratcheting and cyclic plastic deformation take place at such sites within 1 × 10^4 cycles. The early initiation of the vertical short cracks is caused by the asperity contact. According to the crack initiation mechanism, short crack behavior and preventive grinding strategy, steel consumption can be reduced considerably by decreasing the surface roughness and removing the asperity influenced surface thin layer at about 70%-80% of the surface distress life.

Multiphase microstructure formation and its effect on fracture behavior of medium carbon high silicon high strength steel

This work investigated the evolution of multiphase microstructure and impact fracture behavior of medium carbon high silicon high strength steel subjected to the austempering treatment at 240,360,and400℃.The results show that martensite,bainite,and retained austenite(RA)are the main microstructural phases.The austempering treatments at 360 and 400℃ caused the formation of carbon-poor ferrite in the matrix,and the transformation of ultrafine bainite into coarse lath bainite and granular bainite,respectively.Thick filmy RA was distributed between bainite laths.The polygonal martensiteaustenite islands and blocky RA formed along the grain boundaries.The average carbon concentration in the matrix decreased with the temperature increase,while the impact toughness initially increased and then dropped with temperature.The quasi-cleavage brittle fracture dominated the impact fracture mechanism of the sample austempered at 240℃ by forming tearing surfaces and tearing steps.The microcracks disappeared in the RA on the prior austenite grain boundaries.On the other side,the fracture surface of the sample austempered at 360℃ exhibited ductile fracture with deep dimples and brittle fracture with cleavage river patterns.The polygonal martensite-austenite islands or blocky RA constrained the microcracks.After austempered at 400℃,the brittle fracture was dominant,showing river patterns,and the microcracks propagated through the granular bainite without any resistance.

Influence of Cr, Mn and Mo Addition on Structure and Properties of V Microalloyed Medium Carbon Steels

The effect of austenitizing temperature and Cr, Mo and Mn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of V microalloyed medium carbon steel has been studied by means of metallography and mechanical testing. The addition of Cr, Mn and Mo leads to a decrease in yield strength （YS） by approximate 100 MPa in comparison to the base steel. It is assumed that Mn and Mo increase hardenability by promoting the formation of bainitic sheaves （BS）, i.e. by suppressing the formation of ferrite-pearlite and acicular ferrite （FP-AF）. Cr at the level used in this work is not that effective. Presence and packet size of bainitic sheaves decrease the Charpy V-notch impact energy at 20 ℃ （CVN20） in comparison to ferrite-pearlite and acicular ferrite microstructures.

冷变形对超低碳贝氏体钢中逆转变奥氏体的影响

采用硬度测试、拉伸试验、金相检验、X射线衍射测试、透射电镜检测、能谱分析等方法研究形变对超低碳贝氏体钢中逆转变奥氏体和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着冷轧变形量的增大,超低碳贝氏体钢的硬度与强度呈显著增大趋势;超低碳贝氏体钢中的奥氏体体积分数从未变形时的0.4%逐渐增大到变形量为90%时的14.85%;钢中的逆转变奥氏体主要分布在晶界处,其形态由未变形时的薄膜状向块状转变;奥氏体中的Ni元素和Mn元素质量分数随变形量的增大而减小,Ni元素质量分数由未变形时的59%下降到变形量为90%时的11.64%,Mn元素质量分数由未变形时的16%下降到变形量为90%时的3.48%。

低碳贝氏体钢的研究现状与发展前景

综述了低碳贝氏体钢的国内外研究现状,指出低碳贝氏体钢性能优良且成本低廉。并结合低碳贝氏体钢的市场需求和邯钢品种钢的研发方向,展望了低碳贝氏体钢的发展前景,提出低碳贝氏体钢产品品种的开发及其控轧控冷工艺的研制是其研究方向。

仿晶界型铁素体／贝氏体低碳锰钢的组织和力学性能

对一种低碳锰钢进行了终轧温度高于Ar3卷取温度的不同控轧控冷处理．扫描电镜和透射电镜观察表明,终轧变形在奥氏体再结晶区进行时,有利于获得均匀分布的铁素体和一定含量的贝氏体组织．终轧温度降低到800℃,实验钢产生了形变诱导铁素体相变．当冷速增加到60℃／s且卷取温度为400℃左右时,铁素体主要沿原奥氏体晶界分布,晶粒得到细化,贝氏体体积分数增加,强度有较大的提高,但延伸率较低,屈强比较高．通过控制终轧温度为800-850℃、冷速为40℃／s左右以及卷取温度为550℃左右时,低碳锰钢可以获得仿晶界型铁素体／贝氏体的复相组织,其中铁素体晶粒尺寸为8—8．5μm,贝氏体体积分数在30％左右,综合性能较好．

中碳贝氏体支承辊钢低应力牵引滚动接触下的疲劳短裂纹行为

研究了中碳贝氏体支承辊钢在低应力、水润滑和牵引滚动条件下的接触疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特征,发现了表面起源的垂直短裂纹和棘齿短裂纹.疲劳104cyc时,垂直短裂纹就在接触表面大量出现,且在萌生后立即进行高速初始扩展,其后绝大多数停止长大;棘齿短裂纹出现较晚.两种短裂纹长大到一定深度时均停止扩展.在疲劳失效寿命的70％-80％时,垂直短裂纹恢复扩展,并随即加速长大.几乎同时,两种短裂纹在亚表层以转折的方式重新扩展.在表面损伤出现之前,两种短裂纹的萌生和扩展行为始终局限在近表面薄层内.

应用炉卷轧机开发700MPa级高强韧性钢板

700MPa级高强韧性钢板具有强度高、低温韧性好以及焊接性能优良的特点.然而,传统的铁素体/珠光体钢的屈服强度一般低于500MPa,不能满足强度要求.本研究采用现代炉卷轧机并结合控轧控冷工艺在安阳钢铁公司研制开发出700MPa级高强韧性钢板,其屈服强度大于560MPa、抗拉强度大于670MPa、延伸率大于16%、-40℃冲击功大于47J.

中碳贝氏体钢支承辊的垂直裂纹分析

研究了中碳贝氏体钢支承辊滚动接触疲劳垂直裂纹早期萌生、扩展直至形成深层剥落的全过程,用透射电镜观察了支承辊钢的微观组织,结合其微观组织和力学性能,分析了垂直裂纹萌生机理,发现其形成是由微凸体接触区后边缘的最大拉应力引起的。试验结果表明,降低表面粗糙度可防止垂直裂纹的早期形成。该结果已经应用在支承辊维护实践中,降低了必需的磨削速率,延长了支承辊的有效使用寿命。

不同碳含量对中碳低合金钢分级等温淬火组织与性能的影响

以Si、Mn合金钢为对象,研究了不同含碳量对中碳低合金钢分级等温淬火组织和性能的影响,分析贝氏体、马氏体含量与实验钢性能的关系。结果表明,增加含碳量,实验钢中下贝氏体含量下降,马氏体含量增加,实验钢硬度增加,冲击韧度降低;在中碳低合金钢中降低下贝氏体含量或增加马氏体含量可以提高材料硬度,但会引起其冲击韧度的下降。当碳含量在0.48%~0.50%时(下贝氏体含量为30%~40%、马氏体含量为40%~50%),贝/马复相组织强韧性匹配较好,材料具有优异的综合力学性能。

变形制度对低碳锰钢组织性能的影响

为了获得细晶铁素体／贝氏体的复相组织，通过控轧控冷工艺研究了低碳锰钢在奥氏体区变形时变形量、终轧温度和卷取温度对组织演变和力学性能的影响规律．研究表明，增加变形量（对应道次间隔时间缩短）可以细化铁素体晶粒，但当终轧温度降低到800℃时，变形量的增加以及开冷温度的降低不利于贝氏体组织的获得．通过调整变形量、终轧温度、可开冷温度并适当降低卷取温度，可使实验钢获得晶粒尺寸约为5μm的铁素体和10％～20％的贝氏体组织，低碳锰钢强塑性能良好．

超低碳贝氏体钢HQ590DB厚板的开发

通过两轮工业实验 ,采用转炉连铸、TMCP工艺流程 ,在鞍钢 43 0 0 mm宽厚板轧机上成功试制出最大厚度达 40 mm的超低碳贝氏体钢 HQ5 90 DB厚板 ,屈服强度大于 490 MPa、-2 0℃冲击功大于 1 90 J。简要介绍了该厚板的试制过程以及化学成分和工艺参数对钢的组织和性能的影响。

鞍钢超低碳贝氏体钢HQ590DB热轧卷板生产实践

介绍了鞍钢 HQ 5 90 DB超低碳贝氏体钢成分优化、钢质净化及微合金化过程 ,阐明了其在鞍钢 1780热轧机组的控轧控冷工艺制度 ,包括温度制度及压下制度 ,尤其轧后加速冷却制度的优化过程 ,采用控轧控冷工艺实现了晶粒细化及沉淀强化 ,最终获得了极为细小的具有高密度亚结构的贝氏体组织。鞍钢 1780机组首批试轧的超低碳贝氏体钢 HQ5 90

碳含量对冷轧中锰钢双相区退火组织和力学性能的影响

研究了含碳量为0.1%～0.4%的冷轧态中锰钢经650℃退火后微观组织和单轴拉伸性能的变化规律。利用SEM进行了组织形貌表征,采用XRD法测量了残余奥氏体量,通过拉伸试验机测试了钢的单轴拉伸性能。结果表明,冷轧态实验钢在退火过程中都发生奥氏体逆相变,获得具有一定量亚稳奥氏体的超细晶组织;随实验钢碳含量从0.1%增加到0.2%时,钢的抗拉强度(Rm)变化不大(约1000 MPa),而断后伸长率(A)从27%升高到43%时,强塑积(Rm×A)从28 GPa%提高到45 GPa%,而碳含量为0.4%时,钢的强度明显提高(约1200 MPa),但塑性却下降。分析认为,冷轧中锰钢中的碳有利于逆转变奥氏体的形成及稳定,但碳含量过高会形成大量碳锰化合物,不利于奥氏体的形成,从而降低塑性。亚稳奥氏体相的TRIP效应以及超细的晶粒尺寸是获得超高强度、高塑性及高强塑积的主要原因。

屈服强度550MPa级热轧卷板生产工艺及其组织性能的研究

简要介绍了屈服强度大于 5 5 0 MPa级超低碳贝氏体钢热轧卷板成分及生产工艺 ,并进行了机理分析 ;重点阐明了其在鞍钢 1 780热轧机组的控轧控冷工艺制度 ,包括温度制度及压下制度 ,尤其是轧后加速冷却制度的优化过程 ,对试轧过程中的工艺参数及产品的组织和性能进行了分析研究 。

轧制工艺对低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了控轧控冷工艺条件下低碳贝氏体钢轧制工艺与显微组织和力学性能的关系,比较了不同终轧温度和冷却方式对低碳贝氏体钢组织性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢的组织为具有较好强韧性的下贝氏体,且随着终轧温度的降低,晶粒变形比较严重;试验钢在终轧温度750℃时、水冷+空冷处理后得到较好的强韧性匹配。