Porous haydite used as waste filter medium was prepared by dreging lake sludge to help solve the treatment problem of sludge and realize its reclamation. Several calcination regimes were considered and their effects o...Porous haydite used as waste filter medium was prepared by dreging lake sludge to help solve the treatment problem of sludge and realize its reclamation. Several calcination regimes were considered and their effects on the pore structure and the properties such as the strength, the density, the filtering ability and the phosphate absorption ability of the haydite were investigated. For the mixture of 60% lake sludge and 40% fly ash in this experiment, the calcination regime with a pre-calcination period at about 600 ℃, a temperature keeping period at 1 200 ℃ and a moderate cooling rate are recommended to prepare haydite with reasonable pore structure and good performances for its usage as the waste water filter media.展开更多
Aiming at the treatment of difficult-to-handle oily wastewater, the ceramics filter mediums made from the iron and steel plant sludge were adopted to surface lipophilic modification so as to remove oil efficiently. Th...Aiming at the treatment of difficult-to-handle oily wastewater, the ceramics filter mediums made from the iron and steel plant sludge were adopted to surface lipophilic modification so as to remove oil efficiently. The hydrolysis technique by FTIR and conductivity test indicated that under acid conditions hydrogen silicon oil did not hydrolyze but release hydrogen by chemical reaction under alkaline conditions. The results of the experiments including contact angle measurement, FTIR analysis, and SEM analysis illustrate that a layer of lipophile coating indeed exists evenly on the surface of filter mediums after modification. Furthermore, the hydrogen-containing silicone oil was combined through dehydration of Si-H bond with the-OH on the surface of ceramic filter medium.展开更多
Since conventional water treatment is not affordable in developing countries,looking for locally available and alternative treatment options is mandatory.Removal of fluoride and phosphate can be achieved by designing ...Since conventional water treatment is not affordable in developing countries,looking for locally available and alternative treatment options is mandatory.Removal of fluoride and phosphate can be achieved by designing appropriate filtration media from different materials such as sand,calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char.This study was designed to determine the removal efficiency of these locally available filter media with respect to detention time and pH.The filtration apparatuses(tank)were filled separately with stone,gravel with grain size 0.6-4.75 mm and 40 cm deep,sand(ES=0.15-0.35 mm and UC=1.5-3),calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char with grain size 0.25-0.5 inch.Water samples were prepared using glass bottles with fluoride concentrations of 6 and 8 mg/l and phosphate concentration of 4 mg/1.Laboratory analysis was carried out before and after filtration to determine the removal efficiency of each medium.It was found that the highest removal of fluoride was achieved by bone char(89.65%),followed by pumice(82.4%).However,bone char has rather increased the concentration of phosphate by 63.8%.Sand was the most efficient media to remove phosphate,managing to remove by 70%.Therefore,it is an attractive option to use these locally available,environmental friendly and appropriate technologies for efficient removal of both fluorine and phosphate at the household or community water treatment level.展开更多
针对中压配电网缺少实时量测、伪量测精度较低以及现有的动态状态估计(dynamic state estimation,DSE)方法均采用恒定系统处理状态过程噪声的问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented kalman filter,UKF)算法的中压配电...针对中压配电网缺少实时量测、伪量测精度较低以及现有的动态状态估计(dynamic state estimation,DSE)方法均采用恒定系统处理状态过程噪声的问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented kalman filter,UKF)算法的中压配电网鲁棒DSE方法。首先,利用中压配电网变压器低压侧的智能电表量测和变压器模型,推导出等效中压量测以增强中压配网量测冗余度;然后,借鉴信号处理技术对系统状态过程噪声的协方差矩阵实时更新并融入UKF算法,以减轻状态预测和量测滤波的不确定性;最后,基于15节点中压配电网进行仿真。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够有效地进行中压配电网的动态状态估计,获取更为精确的态势感知信息。展开更多
The vibrational fluidized bed is innovatively adopted to regenerate the particulate filter medium for the purification of crude syn-thesis gas from the coal gasification process.Characteristic research of vibrated flu...The vibrational fluidized bed is innovatively adopted to regenerate the particulate filter medium for the purification of crude syn-thesis gas from the coal gasification process.Characteristic research of vibrated fluidized beds during dust-containing particulate filter medium regeneration has been carried out.The ideal transport model of particulate filter medium on the distributor is estab-lished and verified by using experiments.The mean residence time of the particulate filter medium can be reduced by 72%from 5.5 to 1.5 min with an increase in the working frequency from 50 to 60 Hz.The thickness of the bed layer is linearly increased with the feeding rate of the particulate filter medium under ideal working conditions.The resistance models of the fluidizing air are built up and validated,and they can be used to calculate the pressure drop of the static bed layer of the particulate filter medium on the flu-idizing air distributor,which is the maximum value of the dynamic bed layer with the same thickness.The fluidizing air makes the mean residence time of the particulate filter medium decrease by 50%and reduces the difference in the particulate mean residence time under different feeding-rate conditions.The regeneration effect of dust-containing filter medium particles in a vibrated fluidized bed is evaluated.Fluidizing air with superficial velocity ranging from 0 to 0.6~0.9 m·s-1 makes the regeneration efficiency increase from 29.41%to 70.59~88.24%.This article provides a reference for the industrial application of a vibrated fluidized bed for the par-ticulate filter medium recycling system.展开更多
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2011-IV-010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50902106)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.NCET-10-0660)
文摘Porous haydite used as waste filter medium was prepared by dreging lake sludge to help solve the treatment problem of sludge and realize its reclamation. Several calcination regimes were considered and their effects on the pore structure and the properties such as the strength, the density, the filtering ability and the phosphate absorption ability of the haydite were investigated. For the mixture of 60% lake sludge and 40% fly ash in this experiment, the calcination regime with a pre-calcination period at about 600 ℃, a temperature keeping period at 1 200 ℃ and a moderate cooling rate are recommended to prepare haydite with reasonable pore structure and good performances for its usage as the waste water filter media.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20876122)Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of WUT
文摘Aiming at the treatment of difficult-to-handle oily wastewater, the ceramics filter mediums made from the iron and steel plant sludge were adopted to surface lipophilic modification so as to remove oil efficiently. The hydrolysis technique by FTIR and conductivity test indicated that under acid conditions hydrogen silicon oil did not hydrolyze but release hydrogen by chemical reaction under alkaline conditions. The results of the experiments including contact angle measurement, FTIR analysis, and SEM analysis illustrate that a layer of lipophile coating indeed exists evenly on the surface of filter mediums after modification. Furthermore, the hydrogen-containing silicone oil was combined through dehydration of Si-H bond with the-OH on the surface of ceramic filter medium.
文摘Since conventional water treatment is not affordable in developing countries,looking for locally available and alternative treatment options is mandatory.Removal of fluoride and phosphate can be achieved by designing appropriate filtration media from different materials such as sand,calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char.This study was designed to determine the removal efficiency of these locally available filter media with respect to detention time and pH.The filtration apparatuses(tank)were filled separately with stone,gravel with grain size 0.6-4.75 mm and 40 cm deep,sand(ES=0.15-0.35 mm and UC=1.5-3),calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char with grain size 0.25-0.5 inch.Water samples were prepared using glass bottles with fluoride concentrations of 6 and 8 mg/l and phosphate concentration of 4 mg/1.Laboratory analysis was carried out before and after filtration to determine the removal efficiency of each medium.It was found that the highest removal of fluoride was achieved by bone char(89.65%),followed by pumice(82.4%).However,bone char has rather increased the concentration of phosphate by 63.8%.Sand was the most efficient media to remove phosphate,managing to remove by 70%.Therefore,it is an attractive option to use these locally available,environmental friendly and appropriate technologies for efficient removal of both fluorine and phosphate at the household or community water treatment level.
文摘针对中压配电网缺少实时量测、伪量测精度较低以及现有的动态状态估计(dynamic state estimation,DSE)方法均采用恒定系统处理状态过程噪声的问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented kalman filter,UKF)算法的中压配电网鲁棒DSE方法。首先,利用中压配电网变压器低压侧的智能电表量测和变压器模型,推导出等效中压量测以增强中压配网量测冗余度;然后,借鉴信号处理技术对系统状态过程噪声的协方差矩阵实时更新并融入UKF算法,以减轻状态预测和量测滤波的不确定性;最后,基于15节点中压配电网进行仿真。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够有效地进行中压配电网的动态状态估计,获取更为精确的态势感知信息。
基金This study was supported by No.9300190001 project in National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy.
文摘The vibrational fluidized bed is innovatively adopted to regenerate the particulate filter medium for the purification of crude syn-thesis gas from the coal gasification process.Characteristic research of vibrated fluidized beds during dust-containing particulate filter medium regeneration has been carried out.The ideal transport model of particulate filter medium on the distributor is estab-lished and verified by using experiments.The mean residence time of the particulate filter medium can be reduced by 72%from 5.5 to 1.5 min with an increase in the working frequency from 50 to 60 Hz.The thickness of the bed layer is linearly increased with the feeding rate of the particulate filter medium under ideal working conditions.The resistance models of the fluidizing air are built up and validated,and they can be used to calculate the pressure drop of the static bed layer of the particulate filter medium on the flu-idizing air distributor,which is the maximum value of the dynamic bed layer with the same thickness.The fluidizing air makes the mean residence time of the particulate filter medium decrease by 50%and reduces the difference in the particulate mean residence time under different feeding-rate conditions.The regeneration effect of dust-containing filter medium particles in a vibrated fluidized bed is evaluated.Fluidizing air with superficial velocity ranging from 0 to 0.6~0.9 m·s-1 makes the regeneration efficiency increase from 29.41%to 70.59~88.24%.This article provides a reference for the industrial application of a vibrated fluidized bed for the par-ticulate filter medium recycling system.
