A simple and effective method is proposed to derive the three-dimensional electric potential induced by a point singularity of any type in an N-phase dielectric medium composed of N-2 intermediate dielectric layers of...A simple and effective method is proposed to derive the three-dimensional electric potential induced by a point singularity of any type in an N-phase dielectric medium composed of N-2 intermediate dielectric layers of equal thickness encased in two semi-infinite dielectric media. The point singularity can include a point charge or a point electric dipole. The original boundary value problem for the N-phase medium is reduced to the determination of a single unknown three-dimensional harmonic function through satisfaction of the continuity conditions across all of the N-1 perfect planar interfaces. The single harmonic function can be completely determined after analytically solving the resulting linear recurrence relations, which are independent of the type and the specific location of the singularity. When the singularity is a point charge, we obtain the self-energy of the point charge expressed in terms of a single function and the Coulomb force on the point charge expressed in terms of the negative derivative of this function.展开更多
The effect of melting heat transfer on the two dimensional boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid near a stagnation point embedded in a porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation/absorption is invest...The effect of melting heat transfer on the two dimensional boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid near a stagnation point embedded in a porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation/absorption is investigated. The governing non-linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations solved numerically using the Chebyshev spectral method. Numerical results for velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically and discussed for different values of the inverse Darcy number, the heat generation/absorption parameter, and the melting parameter. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress, and the local Nusselt number are tabulated and discussed. The results show that the inverse Darcy number has the effect of enhancing both velocity and temperature and suppressing angular velocity. It is also found that the local skin-friction coefficient decreases, while the local Nusselt number increases as the melting parameter increases.展开更多
Over the past 80 years,dozens of underground coal gasification(UCG)mine field tests have been carried out around the world.However,in the early days,only a small number of shallow UCG projects in the former Soviet Uni...Over the past 80 years,dozens of underground coal gasification(UCG)mine field tests have been carried out around the world.However,in the early days,only a small number of shallow UCG projects in the former Soviet Union achieved commercialised production.In this century,a few pilot projects in Australia also achieved short-term small-scale commercialised production using modern UCG technology.However,the commercialisation of UCG,especially medium-deep UCG projects with good development prospects but difficult underground engineering conditions,has not progressed smoothly around the world.Considering investment economy,a single gasifier must realise a high daily output and accumulated output,as well as hold a long gasification tunnel to control a large number of coal resources.However,a long gasification tunnel can easily be affected by blockages and failure,for which the remedial solutions are difficult and expensive,which greatly restricts the investment economy.The design of the underground gasifier determines the success or failure of UCG projects,and it also requires the related petroleum engineering technology.Combining the advantages of the linear horizontal well(L-CRIP)and parallel horizontal well(P-CRIP),this paper proposes a new design scheme for an“inclined ladder”underground gasifier.That is to say,the combination of the main shaft of paired P-CRIP and multiple branch horizontal well gasification tunnels is adopted to realise the control of a large number of coal resources in a single gasifier.The completion of the main shaft by well cementation is beneficial for maintaining the integrity of the main shaft and the stability of the main structure.The branch horizontal well is used as the gasification tunnel,but the length and number of retracting injection points are limited,effectively reducing the probability of blockage or failure.The branch horizontal well spacing can be adjusted flexibly to avoid minor faults and large cracks,which is conducive to increasing the resource utilisation rate.In addition,for multi-layer thin coal seams or ultra-thick coal seams,a multi-layer gasifier sharing vertical well sections can be deployed,thereby saving investment on the vertical well sections.Through preliminary analysis,this gasifier design scheme can be realised in engineering,making it suitable for largescale deployment where it can increase the resource utilisation rate and ensure stable and controllable operations.The new gasifier has outstanding advantages in investment economy,and good prospects for application in the commercial UCG projects of medium-deep coal seams.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11272121)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN-2017-c3716115112)
文摘A simple and effective method is proposed to derive the three-dimensional electric potential induced by a point singularity of any type in an N-phase dielectric medium composed of N-2 intermediate dielectric layers of equal thickness encased in two semi-infinite dielectric media. The point singularity can include a point charge or a point electric dipole. The original boundary value problem for the N-phase medium is reduced to the determination of a single unknown three-dimensional harmonic function through satisfaction of the continuity conditions across all of the N-1 perfect planar interfaces. The single harmonic function can be completely determined after analytically solving the resulting linear recurrence relations, which are independent of the type and the specific location of the singularity. When the singularity is a point charge, we obtain the self-energy of the point charge expressed in terms of a single function and the Coulomb force on the point charge expressed in terms of the negative derivative of this function.
文摘The effect of melting heat transfer on the two dimensional boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid near a stagnation point embedded in a porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation/absorption is investigated. The governing non-linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations solved numerically using the Chebyshev spectral method. Numerical results for velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically and discussed for different values of the inverse Darcy number, the heat generation/absorption parameter, and the melting parameter. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress, and the local Nusselt number are tabulated and discussed. The results show that the inverse Darcy number has the effect of enhancing both velocity and temperature and suppressing angular velocity. It is also found that the local skin-friction coefficient decreases, while the local Nusselt number increases as the melting parameter increases.
文摘Over the past 80 years,dozens of underground coal gasification(UCG)mine field tests have been carried out around the world.However,in the early days,only a small number of shallow UCG projects in the former Soviet Union achieved commercialised production.In this century,a few pilot projects in Australia also achieved short-term small-scale commercialised production using modern UCG technology.However,the commercialisation of UCG,especially medium-deep UCG projects with good development prospects but difficult underground engineering conditions,has not progressed smoothly around the world.Considering investment economy,a single gasifier must realise a high daily output and accumulated output,as well as hold a long gasification tunnel to control a large number of coal resources.However,a long gasification tunnel can easily be affected by blockages and failure,for which the remedial solutions are difficult and expensive,which greatly restricts the investment economy.The design of the underground gasifier determines the success or failure of UCG projects,and it also requires the related petroleum engineering technology.Combining the advantages of the linear horizontal well(L-CRIP)and parallel horizontal well(P-CRIP),this paper proposes a new design scheme for an“inclined ladder”underground gasifier.That is to say,the combination of the main shaft of paired P-CRIP and multiple branch horizontal well gasification tunnels is adopted to realise the control of a large number of coal resources in a single gasifier.The completion of the main shaft by well cementation is beneficial for maintaining the integrity of the main shaft and the stability of the main structure.The branch horizontal well is used as the gasification tunnel,but the length and number of retracting injection points are limited,effectively reducing the probability of blockage or failure.The branch horizontal well spacing can be adjusted flexibly to avoid minor faults and large cracks,which is conducive to increasing the resource utilisation rate.In addition,for multi-layer thin coal seams or ultra-thick coal seams,a multi-layer gasifier sharing vertical well sections can be deployed,thereby saving investment on the vertical well sections.Through preliminary analysis,this gasifier design scheme can be realised in engineering,making it suitable for largescale deployment where it can increase the resource utilisation rate and ensure stable and controllable operations.The new gasifier has outstanding advantages in investment economy,and good prospects for application in the commercial UCG projects of medium-deep coal seams.
