Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative...Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative carrierenvelope phase （hereinafter referred to as the relative phase） on resonant propagation of two-colour femtosecond ultrashort laser pulses in a V-type three-level atomic medium. It is found that the pulse splitting occurs for a smaller value of relative phase; when the value of relative phase increases to a certain value, only the variation of pulse shape is present and the pulse splitting does not occur any more; moreover, when the value of relative phase is smaller, the pulse group velocity is larger. The relative phase also has an obvious effect on population and spectral property. Different population transfers can be realized by adjusting the value of relative phase. Generally speaking, for the pulses with smaller areas their spectral strengths and frequency ranges decrease obviously with the value of relative phase increasing; for the pulses with larger areas, with value of the relative phase increasing, their spectral strengths decrease remarkably but the relative strengths of the higher frequency components increase significantly, while the spectral frequency range is not varied evidently.展开更多
In order to realize further stability of a stack-type thermoelectric power generating module (i.e. no electrical connections inside), flexible materials of metal springs and/or rods having restoring forces were instal...In order to realize further stability of a stack-type thermoelectric power generating module (i.e. no electrical connections inside), flexible materials of metal springs and/or rods having restoring forces were installed between lower-temperature-sides of thermoelectric elements. These flexible materials were expected to play three important roles of interpolating different thermal expansions of the module components, enlarging heat removal area and penetration of any media through themselves. Then, a low-boiling-point medium (i.e. NOVEC manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd.) was also applied for a high-speed direct heat removal via its phase change from the lower-temperature-sides of the thermoelectric elements in the proposing stack-type thermoelectric power generating module. No electrical disconnections inside the module were confirmed for more than 9 years of use, indicating further module stability. The power generating density was improved to about 120 mW·m-2 with SUS304 springs having 0.7 mm diameter. Increasing power generating density can be expected in terms of suitable selection of flexible metal with high Vickers hardness, cavities control on the spring surface, more vigorous multiphase flow with adding powders to the medium and optimization of the module configurations according to numerical simulations.展开更多
试验旨在研制具有高抗原活性的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)疫苗培养基。研究以SS2 CVCC60615株为试验对象,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面分析得到SS2疫苗培养基。培养基发酵验证结果显示,...试验旨在研制具有高抗原活性的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)疫苗培养基。研究以SS2 CVCC60615株为试验对象,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面分析得到SS2疫苗培养基。培养基发酵验证结果显示,SS2疫苗培养基菌液最大活菌数为1.09×10^(9) CFU/mL,是TSB培养基最大活菌数的2.41倍。测定SS2不同时间点的抗原活性发现,在SS2发酵培养过程中当活菌数达到最大值后的1~3 h内细菌的抗原活性最高。小鼠感染试验表明,SS2抗原活性最高时制备的灭活疫苗与商品化灭活疫苗相比具有更高的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体效价和疫苗保护率。研究表明,采用研制得到的高抗原活性SS2疫苗培养基制备的灭活疫苗具有IgG抗体效价高、免疫保护力强的优点。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10875072)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
文摘Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative carrierenvelope phase （hereinafter referred to as the relative phase） on resonant propagation of two-colour femtosecond ultrashort laser pulses in a V-type three-level atomic medium. It is found that the pulse splitting occurs for a smaller value of relative phase; when the value of relative phase increases to a certain value, only the variation of pulse shape is present and the pulse splitting does not occur any more; moreover, when the value of relative phase is smaller, the pulse group velocity is larger. The relative phase also has an obvious effect on population and spectral property. Different population transfers can be realized by adjusting the value of relative phase. Generally speaking, for the pulses with smaller areas their spectral strengths and frequency ranges decrease obviously with the value of relative phase increasing; for the pulses with larger areas, with value of the relative phase increasing, their spectral strengths decrease remarkably but the relative strengths of the higher frequency components increase significantly, while the spectral frequency range is not varied evidently.
文摘In order to realize further stability of a stack-type thermoelectric power generating module (i.e. no electrical connections inside), flexible materials of metal springs and/or rods having restoring forces were installed between lower-temperature-sides of thermoelectric elements. These flexible materials were expected to play three important roles of interpolating different thermal expansions of the module components, enlarging heat removal area and penetration of any media through themselves. Then, a low-boiling-point medium (i.e. NOVEC manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd.) was also applied for a high-speed direct heat removal via its phase change from the lower-temperature-sides of the thermoelectric elements in the proposing stack-type thermoelectric power generating module. No electrical disconnections inside the module were confirmed for more than 9 years of use, indicating further module stability. The power generating density was improved to about 120 mW·m-2 with SUS304 springs having 0.7 mm diameter. Increasing power generating density can be expected in terms of suitable selection of flexible metal with high Vickers hardness, cavities control on the spring surface, more vigorous multiphase flow with adding powders to the medium and optimization of the module configurations according to numerical simulations.
文摘试验旨在研制具有高抗原活性的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)疫苗培养基。研究以SS2 CVCC60615株为试验对象,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面分析得到SS2疫苗培养基。培养基发酵验证结果显示,SS2疫苗培养基菌液最大活菌数为1.09×10^(9) CFU/mL,是TSB培养基最大活菌数的2.41倍。测定SS2不同时间点的抗原活性发现,在SS2发酵培养过程中当活菌数达到最大值后的1~3 h内细菌的抗原活性最高。小鼠感染试验表明,SS2抗原活性最高时制备的灭活疫苗与商品化灭活疫苗相比具有更高的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体效价和疫苗保护率。研究表明,采用研制得到的高抗原活性SS2疫苗培养基制备的灭活疫苗具有IgG抗体效价高、免疫保护力强的优点。
