The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Target...The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Targeted therapies may revolutionize melanoma treatment by providing less toxic and more effective strategies. However, maximizing effectiveness requires further understanding of the molecular alterations that drive tumor formation, progression, and maintenance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of resistance. Several different genetic alterations identified in human melanoma have been recapitulated in mice. This review outlines recent progress made in the development of mouse models of melanoma and summarizes what these findings reveal about the human disease. We begin with a discussion of traditional models and conclude with the recently developed RCAS/TVA somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma.展开更多
目的应用生物信息学构建与铁死亡基因相关的UVM预测模型,用于评估葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者预后生存及转移情况。方法从肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)获取UVM转录组数据和与之匹配的临床信息,结合铁死亡数据库确定铁死亡相关基因。Kaplan-Meier方法分...目的应用生物信息学构建与铁死亡基因相关的UVM预测模型,用于评估葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者预后生存及转移情况。方法从肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)获取UVM转录组数据和与之匹配的临床信息,结合铁死亡数据库确定铁死亡相关基因。Kaplan-Meier方法分析铁死亡相关基因在高、低表达状态下患者的总体生存率,利用LASSO、单因素和多因素回归分析筛选并构建免疫相关风险预测模型。根据风险评分将患者分为高、低风险组,利用ROC曲线评估模型准确度,并采用基因表达综合数据库(GEO)中的GSE84976和GSE22138作为验证集。结果通过多种算法构建了含有4个核心基因的预测模型(AIFM2、ITGA6、CD44、ALOX12),基于模型标志物计算的风险评分可以准确识别UVM高、低风险患者,并具有预测患者总体生存的能力(P<0.01,1 a AUC=0.84、3 a AUC=0.89、5 a AUC=0.91),验证集GSE84976外部验证结果:P<0.01,1 a AUC=NA,3 a AUC=0.78,5 a AUC=0.91;验证集GSE22138外部验证结果:P<0.01,1 a AUC=0.75,3 a AUC=0.79,5 a AUC=0.82,结果显示,该预测模型可作为UVM独立预后因素,预测生存及转移情况。结论构建的新型铁死亡相关的UVM预测模型(AIFM2、ITGA6、CD44、ALOX12),能够准确预测UVM患者预后及转移情况,可为UVM患者的个性化诊疗提供新的靶点。展开更多
AIM To observe the effects of a chemically synthesized tetrose and a natural yeast mannan on experimental liver metastasis of mouse melanoma. METHODS After treated with 4mg tetrose (tetrose group) or 4mg mannan (ma...AIM To observe the effects of a chemically synthesized tetrose and a natural yeast mannan on experimental liver metastasis of mouse melanoma. METHODS After treated with 4mg tetrose (tetrose group) or 4mg mannan (mannan group) for 30 minutes at 37℃, 0 5ml 1×10 6 B16 MBK melanoma cells were injected into the spleen of mice. Fifty five days later, melanoma metastatic nodes on the surface of the liver and in other organs as well as mouse survival time were observed. RESULTS Of the 6 mice in control (B16 cell+PBS) group, 4 died naturally within 55 days, and 2 were killed on the 55th day. All of the 6 mice had metastases in livers, the total number of the melanoma nodes on each liver surface ranged from 2 to 30, with the largest one merging into the whole liver. One mouse had a neoplasm in the remnant site of injection, and 3 had metastases in lungs. In contrast, of the 6 mice in tetrose group, only one died on the 50th day after injection, with 3 metastases in the liver, the largest being 10mm in diameter, the other 5 mice survived until being dissected on the 55th day after injection and had no liver metastasis, but 3 of them had neoplasms in their remnant sites of injection. In mannan group, all of the 6 mice survived and no metastasis was seen except for 2 liver nodes in one mouse with the largest diameter of 1mm. Neither tetrose nor mannan group had metastasis out of the liver, and the weight of liver in the two groups was significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION Both tetrose and mannan had the effects of preventing melanoma cells from experimental metastasis to and out of the liver, and prolonging the survival time of the mouse.展开更多
文摘The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Targeted therapies may revolutionize melanoma treatment by providing less toxic and more effective strategies. However, maximizing effectiveness requires further understanding of the molecular alterations that drive tumor formation, progression, and maintenance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of resistance. Several different genetic alterations identified in human melanoma have been recapitulated in mice. This review outlines recent progress made in the development of mouse models of melanoma and summarizes what these findings reveal about the human disease. We begin with a discussion of traditional models and conclude with the recently developed RCAS/TVA somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma.
文摘目的应用生物信息学构建与铁死亡基因相关的UVM预测模型,用于评估葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者预后生存及转移情况。方法从肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)获取UVM转录组数据和与之匹配的临床信息,结合铁死亡数据库确定铁死亡相关基因。Kaplan-Meier方法分析铁死亡相关基因在高、低表达状态下患者的总体生存率,利用LASSO、单因素和多因素回归分析筛选并构建免疫相关风险预测模型。根据风险评分将患者分为高、低风险组,利用ROC曲线评估模型准确度,并采用基因表达综合数据库(GEO)中的GSE84976和GSE22138作为验证集。结果通过多种算法构建了含有4个核心基因的预测模型(AIFM2、ITGA6、CD44、ALOX12),基于模型标志物计算的风险评分可以准确识别UVM高、低风险患者,并具有预测患者总体生存的能力(P<0.01,1 a AUC=0.84、3 a AUC=0.89、5 a AUC=0.91),验证集GSE84976外部验证结果:P<0.01,1 a AUC=NA,3 a AUC=0.78,5 a AUC=0.91;验证集GSE22138外部验证结果:P<0.01,1 a AUC=0.75,3 a AUC=0.79,5 a AUC=0.82,结果显示,该预测模型可作为UVM独立预后因素,预测生存及转移情况。结论构建的新型铁死亡相关的UVM预测模型(AIFM2、ITGA6、CD44、ALOX12),能够准确预测UVM患者预后及转移情况,可为UVM患者的个性化诊疗提供新的靶点。
文摘AIM To observe the effects of a chemically synthesized tetrose and a natural yeast mannan on experimental liver metastasis of mouse melanoma. METHODS After treated with 4mg tetrose (tetrose group) or 4mg mannan (mannan group) for 30 minutes at 37℃, 0 5ml 1×10 6 B16 MBK melanoma cells were injected into the spleen of mice. Fifty five days later, melanoma metastatic nodes on the surface of the liver and in other organs as well as mouse survival time were observed. RESULTS Of the 6 mice in control (B16 cell+PBS) group, 4 died naturally within 55 days, and 2 were killed on the 55th day. All of the 6 mice had metastases in livers, the total number of the melanoma nodes on each liver surface ranged from 2 to 30, with the largest one merging into the whole liver. One mouse had a neoplasm in the remnant site of injection, and 3 had metastases in lungs. In contrast, of the 6 mice in tetrose group, only one died on the 50th day after injection, with 3 metastases in the liver, the largest being 10mm in diameter, the other 5 mice survived until being dissected on the 55th day after injection and had no liver metastasis, but 3 of them had neoplasms in their remnant sites of injection. In mannan group, all of the 6 mice survived and no metastasis was seen except for 2 liver nodes in one mouse with the largest diameter of 1mm. Neither tetrose nor mannan group had metastasis out of the liver, and the weight of liver in the two groups was significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION Both tetrose and mannan had the effects of preventing melanoma cells from experimental metastasis to and out of the liver, and prolonging the survival time of the mouse.
