Melting Behavior of PA6 and PA6/PE Blends Crystallized from Amorphous State

目的研究尼龙６及其与线性低密度聚乙烯共混物的非晶样品的熔融行为．方法采用ＤＳＣ技术探讨了退火温度、退火时间、ＤＳＣ扫描速率、以及连续多步退火等因素与冰水淬火样品中的尼龙６组分的熔融峰间的相互关系．结果与结论上述因素对尼龙６组分的熔融行为有较大的影响，共混使尼龙６的结晶度和结晶完善度降低，随退火时间的延长结晶度提高．与纯尼龙６相比，共混物中高温熔融峰的峰高明显降低．

Effect of MgO content in sinter on the softening–melting behavior of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite

The effect of sinter with different MgO contents on the softening-melting behavior of mixed burden made from chro- mium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite was investigated. The results show that with increasing MgO content in the sinter, the softening interval and melting interval increased and the location of the cohesive zone shifted downward slightly and became moderately thicker. The softening-melting characteristic value was less pronounced when the MgO content in the sinter was 2.98wt%-3.40wt%. Increasing MgO content in the sinter reduced the content and recovery of V and Cr in the dripped iron. In addition, greater MgO contents in the sinter resulted in the generation of greater amounts of high-melting-point components, which adversely affected the permeability of the mixed burden. When the softening-melting behavior of the mixed burden and the recovery of valuable elements were taken into account, proper MgO con- tents in the sinter and slag ranged from 2.98wt% to 3.40wt% and from 11.46wt% to 12.72wt%, respectively, for the smelting of burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite in a blast furnace.

Softening–melting behavior of mixed burden based on low-magnesium sinter and fluxed pellets

A low MgO content in sinter is conducive to reduce the MgO content in blast furnace slag.This study investigated the effect of MgO content in sinter on the softening–melting behavior of the mixed burden based on fluxed pellets.When the MgO content increased from 1.31 wt% to 1.55 wt%, the melting temperature of sinter increased to 1521℃.Such an increase was due to the formation of the high-meltingpoint slag phase.The reduction degradation index of sinter with 1.31 wt% MgO content was better than that of others.The initial softening temperature of the mixed burden increased from 1104 to 1126℃ as MgO content in sinter increased from 1.31 wt% to 1.55 wt%, and the melting temperature decreased from 1494 to 1460℃.The permeability index(S-value) of mixed burden decreased to 594.46 kPa·℃ under a high MgO content with 1.55 wt%, indicating that the permeability was improved.The slag phase composition of burden was mainly akermarite(Ca_(2)MgSiO_(7)) when the MgO content in sinter was 1.55 wt%.The melting point of akermarite is 1450℃, which is lower than other phases.

MELTING BEHAVIOR OF LOW ETHYLENE CONTENT POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMERS WITH AND WITHOUT NUCLEATING AGENTS

The melting behavior of polypropylene (PP) and low ethylene content polypropylenecopolymer with and without nucleating agent samples crystallized under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and X-raydiffraction. Multiple melting behavior were observed depending on the existence of nucleatingagent and crystallization conditions. The observed phenomena have been discussed by the effect ofnucleating agent on perfection of crystal and the melting and recrystallization of imperfect crystalto a more perfect crystal during the heating process of samples.

Effect and function mechanism of sinter basicity on softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite

The effect of sinter basicity on softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite(Cr-V-Ti magnetite) was investigated and the function mechanism was simultaneously analyzed.The results show that with increasing sinter basicity from 1.71 to 2.36,the softening interval tends to increase from 149.3 ℃ to 181.7 ℃while the melting interval tends to decrease from 178.0 ℃ to 136.7 ℃.The location of cohesive zone moves downwards firstly and then ascends slightly,but the cohesive zone becomes thinner.The softening-melting characteristic value becomes small,which indicates that the permeability of burden column is improved.The dripping ratio of mixed burden tends to increase firstly and then decrease,which comes to the highest value of 74.50%when the sinter basicity is 2.13.The content and the recovery of V and Cr in dripping iron are all increased.The generation amount of components with high melting point in slag becomes little with the increase of sinter basicity,which could improve the permeability of mixed burden.Taking softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden and recovery of valuable elements into account,the proper sinter basicity is no less than 2.13 for smelting mixed burden made from Cr-V-Ti magnetite in blast furnace.

Effect of trace calcium on melting behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn brazing alloy by thermal analysis kinetics

The purity of the brazing alloys applied is necessary to be improved with the increasing cleanness of steel. Calcium is easily brought into the widely ased brazing alloy, Ag-Cu-Zn, during the producing process. This paper aims at revealing the effect of calcium on the melting behavior of the brazing alloy. The thermal analysis kinetics of silver alloy with trace calcium was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC ） , and the enthalpy peaks were analyzed by differential methods. The rate constant of phase transformation in the probable brazing temperature range goes up with increasing calcium content, according to the values of the apparent activation energy, E, and the frequeney constant, A. It is concluded that the calcium addition could improve the melting performance of Ag-Cu-Zn brazing alloy.

Effect of melting temperature on microstructural evolutions, behavior and corrosion morphology of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel in the casting process

In this study, the effect of melting temperature on the microstructural evolutions, behavior, and corrosion morphology of Hadfield steel in the casting process is investigated. The mold was prepared by the sodium silicate/CO_2 method, using a blind riser, and then the desired molten steel was obtained using a coreless induction furnace. The casting was performed at melting temperatures of 1350, 1400, 1450, and 1500°C, and the cast blocks were immediately quenched in water. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractrometry(XRD) were used to analyze the corrosion morphology and phase formation in the microstructure, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the samples was analyzed using a potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl. The optical microscopy observations and XRD patterns show that the increase in melting temperature led to a decrease of carbides and an increase in the austenite grain size in the Hadfield steel microstructure. The corrosion tests results show that with increasing melting temperature in the casting process, Hadfield steel shows a higher corrosion resistance. The SEM images of the corrosion morphologies show that the reduction of melting temperature in the Hadfield steel casting process induced micro-galvanic corrosion conditions.

Rheological Behavior for Polymer Melts and Concentrated Solutions——Part Ⅶ: A Quantitative Verification for the Molecular Theory of Non-linear Viscoelasticity with Entanglement Constraints in Polymer Melts

Based on the molecular theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglements in polymer melts, the material functions in simple shear flow were formulated, the theoretical relations between. eta((gamma) over dot), psi (10)((gamma) over dot) and shear rate ((gamma) over dot), and topologically constrained dimension number n ' and a were derived. Linear viscoelastic parameters (eta (0) and G(N)(0)) and topologically constrained dimension number (n ' a and <(<upsilon>)over bar>) as a function of the primary molecular weight (M-n), molecular weight between entanglements (M-C) and the entanglement sites sequence distribution in polymer chain were determined. A new method for determination of viscoelastic parameters (eta (0), psi (10), G(N)(0) and J(e)(0)), topologically constrained dimension number (n ', a and v) and molecular weight (M-n, M-c and M-e) from the shear flow measurements was proposed. It was used to determine those parameters and structures of HDPE, making a good agreement between these values and those obtained by other methods. The agreement affords a quantitative verification for the molecular theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglement in polymer melts.

Reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite lateritic bauxite pellets

Direct reduction of low-grade lateritic bauxite was studied at high temperature to recover Fe and beneficiate AlzO3 slag. The re- sults show that a metallization rate of 97.9% and a nugget recovery rate of 85.1% can be achieved when the reducing and melting tempera- tures are 1350 and 1480℃, respectively. Moreover, a higher-grade calcium aluminate slag （A1203 = 50.52wt%） can also be obtained, which is mainly composed of ct-A1203, hercynite （FeAI：O4）, and gehlenite （Ca2A12SiO7）. In addition, high-quality iron nuggets have been produced from low-grade lateritic bauxite. The nugget is mainly composed of iron （93.82wt%） and carbon （3.86wt%）, with almost no gangue （slag）.

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behavior of POE-g-MAH Compatibilized PA11/POE Blends

A new Nylon 11（PA11）/polyethylene-octene（POE） blends compatibilized by maleic anhydride grafted mixture polyethyleneocten（POE-g-MAH） was prepared through melt blending method.The isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behaviors of PA11/POE blends were investigated in detail by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and polarized optical microscope.The n values of PA11 blending with POE or POE-g-MAH are almost similar with pure PA11,which indicates that the effect of POE and POE-g-MAH on nucleation and growth of PA11 crystal is slight.The overall crystallization rate of PA11/POE blends are higher than ones of pure PA11 at the same crystallization temperatures,but they decrease significantly when POE-g-MAH is added into PA11/POE blends.DSC heating curves of both PA11 and its blends exhibit two melting peaks,but the two melting peak become weaker when POE-g-MAH is add into PA11/POE blend systems.And the spherulite size is reduced significantly by the addition of POE-g-MAH compared with pure PA11 and PA11/POE blends.

Melting behavior of magnesium alloy chips in thixomolding process

The samples were fabricated by 220 t thixomolded machine made by Japan Steel Works. The microstructure from the AZ91D magnesium alloy chips to the thixomolded products was investigated. Melting behavior of the chips in thixomolding process was analyzed. The evolution processing of solid phase morphology was studied,and evolution model was put forward. The results show that microstructures in outer zone of a chip and the inner zone are obviously different,and the severe distortion takes place in the brim of the chip,where the grains are observed to be bent,distorted,even broken. The severe plastic deformation region is firstly molten,then segregation area in the inner of the chip continues to melt. The liquid phase in solid phase does not formed by liquid entrapped during shearing process,but primarily induced by internal composition segregation.

Seasonal Behavior of Pavement in Geothermal Snow-Melting System with Solar Energy Storage

A two-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of pavement of geothermal road snow-melting system (GRSS) with solar energy storage is established and numerical simulation is carried out based on annual hourly meteorological data and boundary conditions. Simulated results show that ground surface temperature and heating flux decrease with the increase of buried depth, but increase with the increase of fluid temperature in winter. Heat-extracted amount and efficiency drop with the increase of fluid temperature in summer.Compared with ambient temperature, solar radiation has more direct influence on the heat-extracted flux of pipe walls of GRSS in summer. The relationships among maximum and idling snow-melting load, the rate of snowfall, ambient temperature and wind speed are made clear, which provides necessary references for the design and optimization of a practical road snow-melting system.

Analyses of Dynamic Rheological Behavior of Polymer Melt Based on Novel Experimental Equipment and Procedures

By introducing a vibrating force field into the extrusion process of polymer melt, an experimental equipment of constant velocity type dynamic rheometer of capillary (CVDRC) was designed. A set of experimental procedures was established, by which the dynamic rheological parameters of polymer can be acquired, and a set of data management methods to undergo time-domain or frequency-domain analysis was set up for dynamic rheological data of polymer melt. Meantime, the characterization formula of polymer melt's rheological behavior in a vibrating force field was set up. The instantaneous value of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume flow rate and their phase difference were measured and analyzed, and the melt apparent viscosity, which describes the rheological behavior of polymer melt in a vibrating force field, was obtained.

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER MELTS (Ⅰ)UNIFIED MOLECULAR THEORY OF NON-LINEAR ISCOELASTICITY WITH CONSTRAINTS OF GAUSSIAN CHAIN ENTANGLEMENT FOR POLYMER MELTS

An approach with statistical mechanics and a unified molecular theory of non-linearviscoelasticity with constraints of Gaussian chain entanglement for polymer melts were proposed.Amultimode model structure for a single polymer chain with tail segments and N reversibleentanglement sites on the test polymer chain was developed.The probability distribution function ofthe end-to-end vector for a single polymer chain at entangled state and the viscoelastic free energyof deformation for polymer melts were calculated.Four types of stress-strain relationship and mem-ory function were derived from this theory.The above theoretical relationships were verified by experi-mental data of PS(polystyrene)and LDPE(low density polyethylene)melts.

茂金属聚乙烯薄膜料结构与性能

对3种茂金属聚乙烯薄膜料的基础性能、分子量及分布、熔融行为、力学性能和光学性能进行了分析测试,考察了不同工艺下制得的茂金属聚乙烯薄膜料的结构与性能的关系。结果表明:三种薄膜料的分子量分布均比较窄,呈单峰分布,且密度在0.921g/cm^(3)左右,其中具有更低分子量和更高支化度的3~#茂金属聚乙烯薄膜料具有更好的加工性能,并且其断裂标称应变较高、鱼眼少、雾度低。

聚苯基硅氧烷微球对聚丙烯结构与性能的影响

以无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)树脂为基体,聚苯基硅氧烷微球(PPSQ)为改性剂,采用注塑成型工艺制备PPSQ/PPR复合材料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征技术,考察PPSQ微球对PPSQ/PPR复合材料化学组成、力学性能、耐热性能、熔融行为及微观结构的影响。结果表明,当PPSQ改性剂添加量为6%时,相较于纯PPR,复合材料弯曲模量提高14.08%、冲击强度降低0.80%、热变形温度提高7.80℃以及结晶度提高8.70%。PPSQ微球可在不基本影响PPR冲击性能基础上,有效改善PPR的耐热性能和刚性。

液晶高分子薄膜的热处理及结晶行为

为探究液晶高分子(LCP)薄膜在热处理过程中结晶行为,利用差示扫描量热(DSC)仪对LCP薄膜进行热处理,考察了在不同热处理条件下LCP薄膜熔点和熔融焓的变化,并分析其结晶转变。非等温结晶实验结果表明LCP薄膜熔融后的再结晶快过程难以避免,且形成新晶体的熔融特征与降温速率无关。等温结晶实验结果表明慢过程无法完全抑制快过程,且LCP薄膜经慢过程形成新晶体的温度上限为270℃。不同条件的等温热处理实验结果表明,低温段热处理有利于提高熔融焓,熔程上限以下的高温段热处理则更有利于提高熔点,在240℃等温热处理60 min得到最大熔融焓为3.87 J/g,在290℃等温热处理60 min得到最高熔点为306.8℃。通过分峰定性LCP薄膜在不同热处理温度下的结晶趋势,分析得到慢过程中形成新晶体、原晶体生长(包括熔融-再结晶的晶体)与冷却快过程形成新晶体的最佳温度分别为LCP薄膜的结晶温度、熔程下限温度与熔程上限温度。最终,结合LCP薄膜热处理前后的晶体结构模型,总结LCP薄膜在热处理中的结晶转变,为规模化制备高性能LCP薄膜提供参考。

激光功率和扫描策略对TiC增强高碳钢硬质合金层开裂行为影响规律

TiC增强高碳钢硬质合金是一种在工业领域得到广泛应用的耐磨材料,但在激光熔覆制备过程中容易产生裂纹.文中采用仿真分析和熔覆试验确定了激光功率和扫描策略对硬质合金裂纹行为的影响规律.借助ANSYS软件采用有限元法确定激光熔覆后熔覆层中的温度梯度和残余应力分布,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对显微组织进行分析,结果表明,激光功率和扫描策略不同会导致在熔覆层内产生不同的热梯度分布、残余应力分布以及物相组织演变,这是造成熔覆层具有不同开裂倾向性的主要原因.高激光功率结合往复扫描策略带来了高热输入和低温度梯度,可有效减少开裂倾向.随着激光功率的增加,TiC陶瓷相会熔化溶解,合金明显呈现回火组织特征,逐渐形成贝氏体组织和回火马氏体组织,进一步有利于降低裂纹产生的倾向.

生物基半芳香族共聚酰胺PA5T/56与脂肪族聚酰胺PA56的性能对比

生物基聚酰胺PA56凭借其绿色低碳的原料来源以及与商业化PA66相近的综合性能而受到关注,但受限于脂肪族的柔性主链结构,无法满足高温场景下的使用需求。为解决上述问题,引入对苯二甲酸构筑生物基半芳香族共聚酰胺PA5T/56,对PA5T/56的结构及性能进行系统研究,并与生物基脂肪族聚酰胺PA56进行对比分析。红外光谱与核磁共振氢谱的表征结果验证了PA5T/56与PA56结构上的差异;相比PA56,PA5T/56具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(t_(g)=113℃)、更优的热稳定性(t_(d,5%)=392℃,t_(dmax)=423℃),以及更佳的热机械性能,同时其在高温下具有适宜加工的熔体黏度(<10^(3)Pa·s),这些优势赋予生物基半芳香族PA5T/56广阔的应用前景。