A pilot scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor(A/O MBR) for woolen mill dyeing wastewater treatment

A pilot scale(10 m 3/d) anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor(A/O MBR) was tested for dyeing wastewater treatment of woolen mill without wasting sludge in 125 days operation. Results showed that the effluent quality was excellent, i.e. effluent COD less than 25 mg/L, BOD 5 under 5 mg/L, turbidity lower than 0 65 NTU, and colour less than 30 DT, and met with the reuse water standard of China. The removal rates of COD, BOD 5, colour, and turbidity were 92 4%, 98 4%, 74% and 98 9%, respectively. Constant flux operation mode was carried out in this study, and backwash was effective for reducing membrane fouling and maintaining constant flux. Membrane fouling had heavy impact on energy consumption. More attention should be paid on pipe selection and design for the sidestream MBR system, too.

Effect of powdered activated carbon on Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment in submerged membrane bioreactor with electronic control backwashing

Chinese traditional medicine wastewater, rich in macromolecule and easy to foam in aerobic biodegradation such as Glycosides, was treated by two identical bench-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactors （SMBRs） operated in parallel under the same feed, equipped with the same electronic control backwashing device. One was used as the control SMBR （CSMBR） while the other was dosed with powdered activated carbon （PAC） （PAC-amended SMBR, PSMBR）. The backwashing interval was 5 min. One suction period was about 90 min by adjusting preestablished backwashing vacuum and pump frequency. The average flux of CSMBR during a steady periodic state of 24 d （576 h） was 5.87 L/h with average hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 5.97 h and that of PSMBR during a steady periodic state of 30 d （720 h） was 5.85 L/h with average HRT of 5.99 h. The average total chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of CSMBR was 89.29% with average organic loading rate （OLR） at 4.16 kg COD/（m^3.d） while that of PSMBR was 89.79% with average OLR at 5.50 kg COD/（m^3.d）. COD concentration in the effluent of both SMBRs achieved the second level of the general wastewater effluent standard GB8978-1996 for the raw medicine material industry （300 mg/L）. Hence, SMBR with electronic control backwashing was a viable process for medium-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment. Moreover, the increasing rates of preestablished backwashing vacuum, pump frequency, and vacuum and flux loss caused by mixed liquor in PSMBR all lagged compared to those in CSMBR; thus the actual operating time of the PSMBR system without membrane cleaning was extended by up to 1.25 times in contrast with the CSMBR system, and the average total COD removal efficiency of PSMBR was enhanced with higher average OLR.

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphor removal in an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.

Improvement of antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes （PPMMs）. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR/FT-IR） and field emission scanning electron microscope （FE- SEM） were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor （MBR）, filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.

Inorganic nitrogen removal of toilet wastewater with an airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor

Removal of inorganic nitrogen （inorganic-N） from toilet wastewater, using a pilot-scale airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor （AEC-MBR） was studied. The results showed that the use of AEC-MBR with limited addition of alkaline reagents and volumetric loading rates of inorganic-N of 0.19-0.40 kg inorganic-N/（m^3·d） helped achieve the desired nitrification and denitrification. Furthermore, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen （DO） on inorganic-N removal were examined. Under the condition of MLSS at 1.56-2.35 g/L, BODs/ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋-N） at 1.0, pH at 7.0-7.5, and DO at 1.0-2.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and inorganic-N were 91.5% and 70.0%, respectively, in the AEC-MBR. The cost of addition of alkaline reagent was approximately 0.5-1.5 RMB yuan/m^3, and the energy consumption was approximately 0.72 kWh/m^3 at the flux of 8 L/（m^2-h）.

Removal of Di-2-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalates by Membrane Bioreactor

A lab scale membrane bioreactor system was built to investigate the removal of Di-2-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalates (DEHP) in wastewater under variation of three runs: two hydraulic retention time (HRT) 24 and 36 hours in addition to two biomass: concentrated and light sludge. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to quantitatively identify DEHP in wastewater samples. Membrane bioreactor was built and operated to investigate DEHP removal. Higher HRT removed DEHP more efficiently than lower HRT. The concentrated MLSS could achieve higher removal efficiency than the lighter MLSS at the same HRT value. The performance of MBR in removing DEHP, TOC and COD from wastewater with a maximum removal efficiency were 29%, 85%, and 98%, respectively. Mass balance of DEHP in the system indicated that a majority was removed by adsorption process rather than filtration or microbiological process.

Effect of components in activated sludge liquor on membranefouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor

By a membrane bioreactor with a settle tank in long-term operation and batch experiments, the effects of floes, soluble microorganism products （SMPs） and metal ions in activated sludge liquor on membrane fouling were investigated. The results showed that foulants absorbed each other and formed a fouling layer as a ＂second membrane＂ influencing the permeability of the membrane. The ＂gel layer＂ caused by SMPs and ＂cake layer＂ by floes showed great differences in morphology by analysis of scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The ＂gel layer＂ was more compact and of poor permeability. When the membrane flux was 40 L/（m^2·h）, the rate of membrane fouling caused by supernatant （0.011 MPa/h） was greater than that by sludgc liquor （0.0063 MPa/h）. SMPs played very important roles on membrane fouling. In the bulking sludge, with SMPs increasing, the rate of membrane fouling （0.0132 MPa/h） was faster. While after flocculation of the SMPs, the rate of fouling decreased to 0.0034 M Pa/h. Floes could keep holes in their overlaps. They could alleviate membrane fouling by preventing the SMPs directly attaching on membrane surface.

Start-up and contaminants removal characteristics of aerobic granules-membrane bioreactor at low temperature

In order to understand the effect of low temperature on the formation process of aerobic granules and contaminants removal characteristics,the aerobic granules-membrane bioreactor (AGS-MBR) has been started up and operated at low temperature using the carbon resource of sodium acetate. Aerobic granules cultivated in AGS-MBR possess smooth surface and compact structure in morphology as well as better settling property and higher biomass after 38 days. The average parameters of aerobic granules are: diameter 3. 1 mm,wet density 1. 041 g/mL,sludge volume index 42. 35 mL/g and settling velocity 20. 6 - 45. 2 cm/min. During the start-up of AGS-MBR,the respectively average contaminants removal efficiencies at low temperature are 91. 9% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) ,89. 2% for NH4 + -N and 86. 3% for PO43- -P,and the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria has been well controlled. In addition,the hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling is light and the regime membrane layer is capable of enhancing membrane filtration as well as the average growth of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) is 1. 07 kPa/d. Compared with the conventional cultivation of aerobic granules,the sludge granulation time significantly decreases from 73 days to 38 days by the application of microfiltration membrane at low temperature.

Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment of a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper described a membrane bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99%, respectively. The average removal of NH 3 N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82% respectively. A coefficient of COD removal, k , was 0017—0080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm 2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 35—39 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source of to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.

Diatomite Precoated Nonwoven Membrane Bioreactor for Domestic Wastewater Reclamation

Nonwoven was selected as filtration materials in submerged membrane bioreactor( MBR) for domestic wastewater reclamation. For its hydrophobic membrane surface,diatomite was precoated on nonwoven to improve membrane hydrophilicity. In the precoating stage,diatomite dynamic membrane could be formed on10 μm polyethylene nonwoven surface efficiently and effluent turbidity could be below 5 nephelometric turbidity units( NTU).The MBR system was operated steadily under gravity flow and scanning electron microscope( SEM) analysis showed that nonwoven membrane was only partially fouled at the membrane flux of 5 L/( m2·h). Average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand( COD) and NH +4-N were above 86 % and 50 %,respectively. The effluent turbidity and chromaticity were below 5 NTU and 25°,respectively. Those results could meet the requirements for wastewater reuse.

Fouling Characteristics and Prevention Techniques for Membrane Bioreactor

Membrane fouling is the main problem of membrane bioreactors (MBR), which seriously influ- ences its wastewater treatment effect and running. The characteristics of microbiology and hydrodynamics concerning membrane fouling were investigated and the measure was put forward for optimum operation of MBR. The measure is that 1) the parameters of activated sludge concentration (X) and membrane flux should be lower than the critical values of X and membrane flux respectively, and 2) the activated sludge should be discharged periodically. The experimental results show that the combination backwashing of gas and perme- ated effluent is better than single gas backwashing or single permeated effluent backwashing. This technique can remove the cake layer deposited on the membrane surface, decrease the membrane fouling, and recover the membrane flux effectively. So it is effective for prevention of membrane fouling.

Treatment of a dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill using an A/O membrane bio-reactor

An anaerobic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) was used for treatment of dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill. COD and color of the wastewater were 54—473 mg/L and 40—400 dilution time (DT) respectively. The ratio of BOD 5/COD was less than 0.13. By the A/O MBR process, the average removal of COD, BOD 5, color and turbidity was 82%, 96%, 71% and 99%, respectively. The average COD, BOD 5, color and turbidity of effluent was 37 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 40 DT and 0.44 NUT respectively. The effluent COD met the local standard of reuse water in Beijing, China. The average COD volume load of the anaerobic biological tank was 0.0483 kgCOD/(m 3·d) and that of the aeration tank of the MBR was 0.3589 kgCOD/(m 3·d). The sludge load of the MBR was 0.19 kgCOD/(kg·MLSS·d) on average and the maximum of that was 0.4 kgCOD/(kg·MLSS·d). The flux of the A/O membrane bioreactor could be remained at larger than 50 L/(h·m 2·0.1MPa). The results indicated that A/O membrane bioreactor has technical feasibility for treatment of woolen mill wastewater.

Sludge ozonation and its effect on performance of submerged membrane bio-reactor

To investigate the effects of ozonation on minimizing the excess sludge and enhancing the nitrogen removal in an effluent, batch and continuous experiments in two MBRs with and without sludge ozonation （ namely combined and reference run） were carried out. Through ozonation at a dose of 0. 16 mg O3/mg MLVSS, 53.1% of the treated MLVSS was solubilized, and soluble SCOD/TN ratio of ozonized sludge （OS） was about 8. 6 due to the release of cellular nitrogen-contained materials and SCOD loss by ozone mineralization. In addition, the results of batch nitrification and denitrification tests with OS supernatant indicated that solubilized sludge could act as a reducing power for denitrification and a nitrogen source for nitrification. 40-day operation of-two MBR systems demonstrated that the recirculation of OS into a bioreaetor enabled the combined system have two advantages over the control one. The observed sludge yield （Yobs） was decreased from 0. 13 to 0. 06g MLSS/g COD, while the nitrogen removal was increased from 64. 6% to 72. 3%. And sludge ozonation elevated the inorganic fraction of MLSS, but did not impact sludge activities.

Micro-Polluted Surface Water Treatment by PAC-MBR Process

A kind of hybrid membrane process, which integrated powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR), was designed for bench scale experiment for micro-polluted surface water treatment. Molecular weight analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of each unit process and the integration of them. The result of analysis indicated that organic molecules in the treated water from PAC-MBR process were concentrated on the section of below 1000, while PAC adsorption could enhance the removal efficiency of this section due to the high percent of biodegradation recalcitrant organic matter with low molecular weight. It was demonstrated that PAC adsorption and biological treatment promoted each other in PAC-MBR process, with a removal efficiency of 70% for COD Mn and UV 254, 100% for UV 410 and 92% for ammonia nitrogen in its stable stage.

MBR膜生物反应器在城镇污水处理厂中的应用

近年来,我国城镇化进程的步伐越来越快,城镇人口的规模也越来越大,城市污水处理成为环境保护和可持续发展的重要议题。传统的污水处理工艺在处理效率和出水水质要求方面已经面临一定的挑战,MBR膜生物反应器是一种相对新型的污水处理技术及装备,它结合了微生物降解技术和膜分离技术,近年来在城镇污水处理领域引起了广泛的关注。本文以某城镇地区X污水处理厂为例,分析MBR膜生物反应器系统的布置以及实施应用,结果表明,X污水处理厂在应用了MBR膜生物反应器后的污水处理效果有显著的提升。

箱体型正压式平板负离子抗菌陶瓷膜MBR在城市新鲜垃圾渗滤液处理应用实例

山东某垃圾焚烧厂中产生的新鲜垃圾渗滤液有机物和氨氮浓度高,同时含有多种重金属,属于难处理的废水。本工程采用气浮预处理+两级UASB+A/O+平板式MBR膜过滤+后续深度处理(纳滤+反渗透)工艺。厌氧处理阶段采用投加零价铁来提高处理效果。MBR工艺采用箱体型正压式优化结构,比传统的浸没式结构能提高膜通量和优化操作。MBR膜采用能抑菌杀菌的负离子抗菌平板陶瓷膜,具有膜通量大,缓解膜污染能力强的特点。工程运行表明,出水水质低于≤生活垃圾卫生填埋场污染控制标准≥(GB 16889-2008)表3中的标准要求,即COD≤60 mg/L,BOD_(5)≤20 mg/L,ρ(氨氮)≤8 mg/L,ρ(总氮)≤20 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤2.0 mg/L等。工程投资总成本500万左右。吨水成本将核算后为14.9元。

间歇性投加Fe(Ⅱ)控制陶瓷膜MBR膜污染的机理分析

以陶瓷膜膜生物反应器(MBR)为研究对象,考察了间歇性投加Fe(Ⅱ)对合成废水中营养物质的去除效果,并分析了膜污染的控制机理。当n_(Fe)∶n_(P)为2时,TP、TOC和TN的去除率最高,分别为99.2%、97.5%和87.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级A标准;当nFe∶nP为1和2时,出水Fe浓度分别为0.14μmol/L和0.16μmol/L(达到中水回用标准),膜过滤时间由12 d分别延长至92 d和41 d(跨膜压差30 kPa)。间歇性投加Fe(Ⅱ)可增大污泥粒径及减少污泥混合液中有机物含量,从而提高体系的过滤性能,有效降低膜污染阻力并缓解膜污染;n_(Fe)∶n_(P)为1时,含Fe不可逆污染层的阻力较小,膜污染控制效果最好。

MBR工艺在水产养殖尾水处理中的研究进展

膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor, MBR)是一种由膜分离技术和生物污水处理技术相结合的新型废水处理系统,在尾水处理中受到了广泛关注。然而,单一的MBR不能满足水产养殖尾水处理的需求,与其他工艺结合是强化MBR可行的方式,因此出现了许多新型的MBR。本文针对水产养殖MBR的发展历程、组合工艺、相关重要参数以及膜污染的研究情况进行综述,并对未来MBR在水产养殖尾水处理中的研究方向及重点提出展望。

PAC更新率对PAC-MBR耦合处理效能及污泥特性的影响

粉末活性炭(PAC)的定期回收和补充是混合膜生物反应器(PAC-MBR)稳定运行所必需的。研究探索了不同PAC更新率对PAC-MBR中污泥过滤特性和微生物群落的影响,创新性地提出通过PAC更新来提高微生物活性,以达到提高出水效能并减缓膜污染的效果。结果表明:PAC更新对CODCr和氮的去除没有显著影响;随着PAC更新率的增加,可溶性微生物产物逐渐降低,胞外聚合物浓度逐渐增加。PAC的更新能够降低MBR系统膜污染,同时提高过滤效率。微生物活性与PAC的更新率呈正相关规律。此外,由高通量测序可知由于添加新鲜的PAC,Proteobacteria(变形菌属)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌属)及Nitrospira(硝化螺旋菌属)的丰度增加,保证污染物的去除,同时Proteobacteria及Bacteroidetes造成的膜污染减少。最佳PAC更新率为1.67%,能够有效缓解膜污染并增强优势细菌结构。在推动PAC-MBR广泛应用方面,PAC更新被认为是一种有前景的方法。

市政污水处理厂MBR新型精细膜法原位提标扩能方案技术经济分析

某市政生活污水处理厂拟进行提标扩能改造,处理规模由现状5万m^(3)/d扩建至10万m^(3)/d,出水标准由现状一级B标准提升至“地表准Ⅳ类水”标准。为探索节能经济的改造方案,案例针对提标扩能改造中的传统解决方案和新型精细膜法解决方案进行对比分析,结论得出:新型精细膜法解决方案较传统方案施工周期短、施工难度小,在用地紧张的改造项目中有较大优势;新型精细膜法方案在工程总投资节约32.3%的同时,每吨水处理利润可提升30%。由此,新型精细膜法解决方案在国内污水厂提标扩能改造项目中的占比具备较大提升潜力,案例为今后国内污水厂改造工艺的选择提供新的思路。