Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Wheat Seeding Exposed to Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation

[Objective] Effects of different concentrations of nitric oxide on membrane lipid peroxidation of wheat induced by enhanced UV-B radiation were researched,sodium nitroprusside （SNP） was selected as an exogenous nitric oxide（NO）donor.[Method] There are 3 groups including CK,UV treatment group （B）,B＋SNP treatment group,0,1,2,3,4 d sampling after treatment respectively,and physiological and biochemical indexes of MDA content and CAT,POD,SOD and so on were determined,repeated 3 times,and statistical analyzed.[Result] The results showed that,after the enhanced UV-B radiation,activity of the catalase （CAT）,superoxide dismutase （SOD） and of the guaiacol peroxidase （POD） all reduced apparently,and the concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased obviously,leading to oxidative damage in wheat seedlings.Impose different concentrations of SNP after UV-B radiation,may mitigate oxidative damage of wheat seedling from different degrees,which was in agreement with the effect of making the concentration of MDA decrease and the activity of the CAT,SOD and POD all increased.The mitigation role of 0.01 mol/L SNP was more obvious for roots＇ oxidative damage,while 0.1 mmol/L SNP is more effective for oxidative damage of leaves.[Conclusion] Exogenous NO donor SNP had obvious relieve effects on oxidative damage of wheat seedlings caused by UV-B radiation,which can enhance adaptive capacity of plants to adversity stress.

Permeation Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbons Through Poly（amide-6-β-ethylene oxide） Multilayer Composite Membranes

In this paper, poly(amide-6-β-ethylene oxide) (PEBA1657) copolymer was used to prepare multilayer polyetherimide (PEI)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/PEBA1657/PDMS composite membranes by dip-coating method. Permeation behaviors of ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, n-butane, methane and nitrogen through the multilayer composite membranes were investigated over a range of operating temperature and pressure. The permeances of light hydrocarbons through PEI/PDMS/PEBA1657/PDMS composite membranes increase with their increasing condensability, and the olefins are more permeable than their corresponding paraffins. For light hydrocarbons, the gas permeances increase significantly as temperature increasing. When the transmembrane pressure difference increases, the gas permeance increases moderately due to plasticization effect, while their apparent activation energies for permeation decrease.

Membrane Lipid Replacement: Clinical Studies Using a Natural Medicine Approach to Restoring Membrane Function and Improving Health

Functional oral supplements containing cell membrane glycerolphospholipids and antioxidants have been used to safely replace damaged membrane lipids that accumulate during aging and in various clinical conditions. This approach differs from other dietary and intravenous interventions in the composition of phospholipids and the presence of fructooligosaccharides that protect the phospholipids against oxidation and bile and enzymatic damage. Various chronic clinical conditions are characterized by membrane phospholipid oxidative damage, resulting in loss of cellular function. Recent clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in replenishing damaged membrane lipids and restoring mitochondrial function, resulting in reductions in fatigue in aged subjects and patients with a variety of clinical diagnoses. Recent in vitro experiments with nonphysiological concentrations of phospholipids did not result in enhancement of mitochondrial electron transport enzyme activities. This can be explained by the use of the wrong phospholipid fatty acids, over-dilution of membrane constituents and mitochondrial swelling. A similar phenomenon was seen when human sperm were incubated in vitro with high concentrations of glycerolphospholipids and their motility was assessed. Only lower, more physiological concentrations of glycerolphospholipids stimulated sperm motility. Additional studies are needed to determine the functional effects of Membrane Lipid Replacement on other cellular membranes, such as the plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes of various cells and tissues.

Chlorogenic acid alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice

Recent studies have shown that chlorogenic acid(CGA),which is present in coffee,has protective effects on the nervous system.However,its role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we established a newborn mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury using a modified Rice-Vannucci method and performed intraperitoneal injection of CGA.We found that CGA intervention effectively reduced the volume of cerebral infarct,alleviated cerebral edema,restored brain tissue structure after injury,and promoted axon growth in injured brain tissue.Moreover,CGA pretreatment alleviated oxygen-glucose deprivation damage of primary neurons and promoted neuron survival.In addition,changes in ferroptosis-related proteins caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury were partially reversed by CGA.Furthermore,CGA intervention upregulated the expression of the key ferroptosis factor glutathione peroxidase 4 and its upstream glutamate/cystine antiporter related factors SLC7A11 and SLC3A2.In summary,our findings reveal that CGA alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice by reducing ferroptosis,providing new ideas for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

外源一氧化氮对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化系统的影响

[目的]以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)作为外源一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)供体,研究了不同浓度一氧化氮对增强UV-B辐射胁迫后小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化系统的影响。[方法]试验设置3个组:对照组(CK)、紫外线UV-B处理组(B)、UV-B和硝酸钠(SNP)复合处理组(B+SNP),分别于处理后的第0、1、2、3、4天取样进行丙二醛(MDA)含量及CAT、POD、SOD等生理生化指标的测定,3次重复,并进行统计学分析。[结果]UV-B辐射后,小麦幼苗中丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,导致小麦幼苗产生氧化损伤;在UV-B辐射之后施加不同浓度的SNP,可以不同程度地缓解UV-B辐射胁迫下小麦幼苗根和叶的氧化损伤,使MDA含量下降,抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD活性上升。其中,0.1mmol/LSNP对叶的氧化损伤缓解作用较明显,0.01mmol/LSNP则对根的氧化损伤缓解作用较明显。[结论]外源NO供体SNP对小麦幼苗由于UV-B辐射引起的氧化损伤有明显的缓解作用,可增强植物对逆境胁迫的适应能力。

Plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4b inhibits nitric oxide generation through calcium-induced dynamic interaction with neuronal nitric oxide synthase

The activation and deactivation of Ca^(2+)- and calmodulindependent neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the central nervous system must be tightly controlled to prevent excessive nitric oxide (NO) generation. Considering plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) is a key deactivator of nNOS, the present investigation aims to determine the key events involved in nNOS deactivation of by PMCA in living cells to maintain its cellular context. Using time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we determined the occurrence of Ca^(2+)-induced protein-protein interactions between plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4b (PMCA4b) and nNOS in living cells. PMCA activation significantly decreased the intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca^(2+)]_(i)), which deactivates nNOS and slowdowns NO synthesis. Under the basal [Ca^(2+)]_(i) caused by PMCA activation, no protein-protein interactions were observed between PMCA4b and nNOS. Furthermore, both the PDZ domain of nNOS and the PDZ-binding motif of PMCA4b were essential for the protein-protein interaction. The involvement of lipid raft microdomains on the activity of PMCA4b and nNOS was also investigated. Unlike other PMCA isoforms, PMCA4 was relatively more concentrated in the raft fractions. Disruption of lipid rafts altered the intracellular localization of PMCA4b and affected the interaction between PMCA4b and nNOS, which suggest that the unique lipid raft distribution of PMCA4 may be responsible for its regulation of nNOS activity. In summary, lipid rafts may act as platforms for the PMCA4b regulation of nNOS activity and the transient tethering of nNOS to PMCA4b is responsible for rapid nNOS deactivation.

Osmopriming-Regulated Changes of Plasma Membrane Composition and Function were Inhibited by Phenylarsine Oxide in Soybean Seeds

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of osmoconditioning on chilling injury in chilling-sensitive soybean （Glycine max （L.） Merr. Zhonghuang No. 22） seeds during imbibition. Low temperatures reduced the germination rate and no seed germinated at 1 ℃. Osmoconditioning of seeds at 20℃ with a polyethylene glycol-8000 （PEG8000） solution at 1.5 MPa for 72 h followed by drying back to their initial moisture content （MC） reduced their chilling sensitivity. The phenylarsine oxide （PAO）, an inhibitor of protein tyrosinephosphatases, was used to investigate the possible involvement of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of Tyr residues in the plasma membrane composition and function when seeds were osmoconditioned. The results showed the germination of osmoconditioned seeds decreased significantly when PAO was added in PEG solution after chilling treatment. PAO inhibited changes in composition of plasma membrane phospholipids and fatty acid induced by osmocondition, indicated that tyrosine protein phosphorylation is involved in the regulatory mechanisms of osmocondition-responsive chilling in soybean seeds. Western blot result further indicated that osmocondition treatment improved the activity of plasma membrane H^＋-ATPase after chilling treatment, but this effect was abolished by PAO. The possible regulation mechanism by Tyr protein phosphorylation is discussed.

Protein in oxidized low density lipoprotein may cause injury to mitochondria of mouse peritoneal macrophages

Injury to mitochondria of macrophages caused by oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and the role of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). lipid and protein in Ox-LDL on the injury were studied by measuring mito-chondrial membrane potential (MMP) on ACAS570. The results showed that MMP decreased when macrophageswere treated by Ox-LDL. If LOOH in Ox-LDL was pre cleared by ebselen plus GSH. the decreased MMP could be recovered by about 20 %. Lipid moiety alone had no effect on IMP, but protein moiety could cause decrease ofMMP, the extent of the decrease was equivalent to that caused by Ox-LDL in which LOOH was pre-cleared by ebselen plus GSH.

Ion Channel Behavior of a Supported Bilayer Lipid Membrane Composed of 5,5-Ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethyl-ammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane Bromide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A synthetic cationic surfactant, 5,5-ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethyl-ammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane bromide (DTDB), was used to construct a supported bilayer lipid membrane (s-BLM) coated on an underlying glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the s-BLM. Both EIS and SAXD data indicated that the synthetic lipid exists as a well-oriented bilayer in the membrane. The voltammetric study showed that the lipid membrane can open ion channels in the presence of C1O4- stimulant with Ru(bpy)32+ as marker ions and give distinct channel currents. The channels can be closed and open up again many times by removing or introducing ClO4- anions.

激光照射GO@lipid可调控磷脂膜形成囊泡或微管研究

生物膜的形变与许多生物过程密切相关:内吞、胞吐以及细胞对周围环境的响应.本文主要研究在固体基底GO表面包裹磷脂膜,通过激光照射GO@lipid复合材料,GO表面的磷脂膜发生形变形成囊泡及微管这一具体的生物膜形变过程.首先我们制备了微米尺寸的lipid@GO复合材料:GO表面包裹了层状的磷脂膜,在激光照射下,GO@lipid表面的磷脂凸起并在GO表面形成一层稳定的囊泡,囊泡的尺寸为GO@lipid复合体尺寸的0.43倍,囊泡的位置和动态形成过程都可以调节,囊泡倾向于在GO边缘处产生.降低激光的功率,GO@lipid表面会产生微管而不是囊泡.GO@lipid表面的磷脂膜形变产生囊泡和微管是由于在激光照射下GO还原为rGO,并在此过程中产生了气体.

Heterogeneous oxidization of graphene nanosheets damages membrane

Graphene-based materials exhibit unique properties that have been sought to utilize for various potential applications. Many studies suggest that graphene-based materials can be cytotoxic, which may be attributed to destructive effects on cell membranes.However, there still are conflicting results regarding interactions between graphene-based materials and lipid membranes. Here,through cryo-electron microscopy(Cryo-EM) and dye-leakage experiments along with in silico methods, we found that graphene oxide nanosheets induce significant membrane damage, while the effect of pristine graphene is negligible. We revealed the importance of heterogeneous oxidization of graphene-based nanosheets in damaging vesicle membranes. Moreover, that not only the oxidization degree but also the oxidization loci and membrane tension play important roles in the cytotoxicity of the graphene-based nanosheets.

马齿苋总黄酮对氧自由基引发人红细胞膜损伤的保护作用

目的研究马齿苋总黄酮对超氧阴离子(O2)引发的人红细胞膜氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 采用邻苯三酚自氧化产生的O2引发人红细胞膜氧化损伤模型,研究马齿苋总黄酮对红细胞膜氧化损伤的影响。结果O2能引起红细胞膜脂质过氧化,丙二醛(MDA)含量、自氧化速率显著增加,膜脂流动性及膜封闭度下降。而红细胞膜经一定量马齿苋总黄酮(60,120,240,480μg·mL-1)预先处理后,膜MDA含量明显减少,自氧化速率明显降低,膜脂流动性和膜封闭度显著增高。结论马齿苋对氧自由基引发的人红细胞膜氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。

NaCl胁迫对嫁接黄瓜膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性的影响

以日本引进的耐盐品种‘帝王新土佐’南瓜为砧木,以‘津研4号’黄瓜品种为接穗,研究了NaCl胁迫对黄瓜嫁接植株和自根植株的膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性的影响。结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜嫁接植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均显著高于自根植株,O·2-产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于自根植株,嫁接植株膜脂过氧化轻于自根植株;嫁接植株叶片游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质等渗透物质含量均显著高于自根植株;嫁接植株的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、叶绿素含量均显著高于自根植株;虽然NaCl胁迫抑制光合作用,但嫁接植株仍表现出优势。以上结果证明,嫁接植株耐盐性优于自根植株。

臭氧对原位条件下冬小麦叶片光合色素、脂质过氧化的影响

运用开顶式气室(OTC-1)研究了O3胁迫对原位条件下冬小麦叶片的光合色素、脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:随着O3浓度的升高,各个生育期小麦叶片中叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素组成发生改变,且在灌浆期变化明显;叶片相对电导率(REC)增大,丙二醛(M DA)含量增加;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和类胡萝卜素(C ar)含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在O3浓度低于1×10-7(φO3)时逐渐升高,而后急剧降低.可见O3促进了小麦叶片老化,加剧了膜脂过氧化,破坏了抗氧化系统功能,影响了叶片的正常生理代谢.

水分胁迫下钙对大豆膜脂过氧化保护酶系统的影响

用控制营养钙量的方法培养大豆幼苗，得到3种钙水平的大豆幼苗作材料，对水分胁迫下（-0．5MPaPEG－6000），不同钙水平大豆叶片饱和持水，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及其同工酶进行研究，以期从膜脂过氧化的角度探讨钙在植物抗旱中的作用．

NO对小麦叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的调节效应

分析了一氧化氮(NO)对小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明:不同浓度NO均能使干旱胁迫下小麦叶片的相对含水量先降后升,而MDA含量先升后降,O-·2释放速率下降,SOD活性升高,POD活性降低;同时,NO可以提高脯氨酸含量。这些结果表明NO提高了小麦叶片的抗氧化能力,降低了干旱胁迫诱导的膜脂过氧化损伤。

玉米抗寒性的研究进展

低温不仅是限制冷敏植物分布及其生长最重要的环境因素 ,也是影响许多热带或亚热带作物生产的重要气候条件。近年来玉米抗寒性的研究结果表明玉米的抗寒性在自交系间存在明显的差异 ,冷锻炼或ABA处理也能使抗寒性大为提高。玉米抗寒性的表现有着重要的生理基础 ,即抗氧化酶的活性维持在较高水平而且其同工酶的表达模式也相应改变 ;膜类脂降解的程度较轻、光系统II保持较高的活力、膜系统保持较好的通透性和完整性 ;叶片中ABA、水势和渗透压均维持在较高的水平。玉米抗寒性的遗传分析以及有关基因的克隆和遗传转化的研究结果表明玉米的抗寒性是由多基因控制的数量性状 。

圆柏属常绿木本植物叶片抗氧化系统季节变化与抗冷冻的关系

测定分析圆柏属2种常绿木本植物叶抗氧化系统在冷冻适应过程中的季节变化。结果表明,叶能在组织结冰状况下生存与其具备完善的抗氧化保护系统有关,该系统能及时清除氧自由基、抑制膜脂过氧化、维持膜的完整性;冷适应期积累的活性氧可能诱导了抗氧化保护系统使叶片获得抗冻性。祁连圆柏的抗氧化系统比圆柏在抗冻性诱导中具有更广泛的适应策略。

外源一氧化氮对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的影响

以永良4号小麦品种为试验材料,研究了不同浓度SNP(0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L)处理对渗透胁迫下(10%PEG-6000)小麦幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的影响.结果表明:低浓度SNP(0.2 mmol/L)可以在处理后期(第2和第3天)显著地缓解渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的氧化损伤,并与其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及渗透调节物质脯氨酸(Pro)含量的上升作用一致,与超氧阴离子(O2-.)的释放速率以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的下降一致.高浓度的SNP(1.0 mmol/L)则抑制这两种酶的活性和脯氨酸含量的增加,使O2-.产生速率和MDA含量相对升高.

花椰菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统与抗黑腐病关系的研究

在盆栽条件下,花椰菜抗病品种雪峰和感病品种2003X-106的幼苗在接种黑腐病菌后,叶片组织内O2-·产生速率, SOD、POD、PAL活性,MDA含量和膜透性都有不同程度的提高和增加。与2003X-106相比,雪峰的O2-·产生速率和SOD、 PAL活性的增加更为显著,POD活性也要高于2003X-106;而MDA含量和电导率的增幅要明显低于2003X-106。表明抗 病品种雪峰比感病品种2003X-106具有更强的抗黑腐病能力和抗氧化能力。