Full Discretization Scheme for the Dynamics of Elliptic Membrane Shell Model

In this study,the dynamics of elliptic membrane shell model has been proposed and discussed numerically for the first time.Firstly,we show that the solution of this model exists and is unique.Secondly,we consider spatial and time discretizations of the time-dependent elliptic membrane shell by finite element method and Newmark scheme,respectively.Then,the corresponding existence,uniqueness,stability,convergence and a priori error estimate are given.Finally,we present numerical results involving a portion of an ellipsoidal shell and a portion of a spherical shell to verify the efficiency and convergence of the numerical scheme.

NEM® Brand Eggshell Membrane Effective in the Treatment of Pain and Stiffness Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee in an Italian Study Population

A single-center, open-label clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NEM® as a natural treatment for pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in an Italian population. NEM® brand eggshell membrane is a unique dietary supplement that contains naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and proteins essential for maintaining healthy joints and connective tissues. Twenty-five subjects received oral NEM®, 500 mg once daily for four weeks. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate the mean effectiveness of NEM® in relieving general pain associated with moderate osteoarthritis of the knee at 10 and 30 days utilizing a 10-question, abbreviated questionnaire based on the WOMAC osteoarthritis questionnaire. Supplementation with NEM® produced a significant treatment response from baseline at both 10 days and 30 days for composite pain (40.6% reduction, p p p = 0.009;59.7% reduction, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events reported during the study and the treatment was reported to be well tolerated by study participants. NEM® is an effective and safe natural therapeutic option for the treatment of both pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. Supplementation with NEM®, 500 mg taken once daily, significantly reduced both pain and stiffness rapidly (10 days) and this effect continued to improve through 30 days. There was also a meaningful reduction in the amount of analgesic consumed on a weekly basis, which further enhanced patients’ safety.

Eggshell as a Source of Novel Bioactive Molecules

This review will focus on the more abundant eggshell specific matrix proteins localized in the chicken eggshell （cuticle layer eggshell matrix and shell membranes） that are involved in eggshell mineralization and protecting the egg against microbial contamination, including ovocalyxin-36, ovocleidin-17, ovocalyxin-32 and ovocalyxin-25. Further understanding of these proteins and their mechanisms in egg defence could lead to the development of novel neutraceuticals for human health, additives to animal feed for healthy flocks, or enhanced eggs for human consumption.

ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PROBLEMS FOR LINEARLY ELASTIC SHELLS-JUSTIFICATION OF EQUATIONS FOR DYNAMIC KOITER SHELLS

Under certain conditions, the dynamic equations of membrane shells and the dynamic equations of flexural shells are obtained from dynamic equations of Koiter shells by the method of asymptotic analysis.

Convergence of the Solution to General Viscoelastic Koiter Shell Equations

By applying the inequality of Korn＇s type without boundary conditions on a general surface, we prove that the scaled displacement of the two-dimensional linearly viscoelastic Koiter＇s shell converges to the solution of two-dimensional model system of linearly viscoelastic ＂membrane＂ shell.