Accelerated generation of holograms with ultra-low memory symmetrically high-compressed look-up table

Computer-generated holography technology has been widely applied,and as research in this field deepens,the demand for memory and computational power in small AR and VR devices continues to increase.This paper presents a hologram generation method,i.e.,a symmetrically high-compressed look-up table method,which can reduce memory usage by50%.In offline computing,half of the basic horizontal and vertical modulation factors are stored,halving the memory requirements without affecting inline speed.Currently,its potential extends to various holographic applications,including the production of optical diffraction elements.

A general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering look-up table for ocean color remote sensing

The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs ofMODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors.

Fine Doppler shift acquisition algorithm for BeiDou software receiver by a look-up table

The BeiDou software receiver uses the fast Fourier transform(FFT)to perform the acquisition.The Doppler shift estimation accuracy should be less than 500 Hz to ensure satellite signals to enter a locked state in the tracking loop.Since the frequency step is usually 500 Hz or larger,the Doppler shift estimation accuracy cannot guarantee that satellite signals are brought into a stable tracking state.The straightforward solutions consist in increasing the sampling time and using zero-padding to improve the frequency resolution of the FFT.However,these solutions intensify the complexity and amount of computation.The contradiction between the acquisition accuracy and the computational load leads us to research for a more simple and effective algorithm,which achieves fine acquisition by a look-up table.After coarse acquisition using the parallel frequency acquisition(PFA)algorithm,the proposed algorithm optimizes the Doppler shift estimation through the look-up table method based on the FFT results to improve the acquisition accuracy of the Doppler shift with a minimal additional computing load.When the Doppler shift is within the queryable range of the table,the proposed algorithm can improve the Doppler shift estimation accuracy to 50 Hz for the BeiDou B1I signal.

Performance of global look-up table strategy in digital image correlation with cubic B-spline interpolation and bicubic interpolation

Global look-up table strategy proposed recently has been proven to be an efficient method to accelerate the interpolation, which is the most time-consuming part in the iterative sub-pixel digital image correlation （DIC） algorithms. In this paper, a global look-up table strategy with cubic B-spline interpolation is developed for the DIC method based on the inverse compositional Gauss-Newton （IC-GN） algorithm. The performance of this strategy, including accuracy, precision, and computation efficiency, is evaluated through a theoretical and experimental study, using the one with widely employed bicubic interpolation as a benchmark. The global look-up table strategy with cubic B-spline interpolation improves significantly the accuracy of the IC-GN algorithm-based DIC method compared with the one using the bicubic interpolation, at a trivial price of computation efficiency.

Research of NO_(2) vertical profiles with look-up table method based on MAX-DOAS

Obtaining the vertical distribution profile of trace gas is of great significance for studying the diffusion procedure of air pollution.In this article,a look-up table method based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)technology is established for retrieving the tropospheric NO_(2) vertical distribution profiles.This method retrieves the aerosol extinction profiles with minimum cost function.Then,the aerosol extinction profiles and the atmospheric radiation transfer model(RTM)are employed to establish the look-up table for retrieving the NO_(2) vertical column densities(VCDs)and profiles.The measured NO_(2) differential slant column densities(DSCDs)are compared with the NO_(2) DSCDs simulated by the atmospheric RTM,and the NO_(2) VCDs,the weight factor of NO_(2) in the boundary layer,and the boundary layer height are obtained by the minimization process.The look-up table is established to retrieve NO_(2) VCDs based on MAX-DOAS measurements in Huaibei area,and the results are compared with the data from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service(CAMS)model.It is found that there are nearly consistent and the correlation coefficient R2 is more than 0.86.The results show that this technology provides a more convenient and accurate retrieval method for the stereoscopic monitoring of atmospheric environment.

WinoNet:Reconfigurable look-up table-based Winograd accelerator for arbitrary precision convolutional neural network inference

To solve the hardware deployment problem caused by the vast demanding computational complexity of convolutional layers and limited hardware resources for the hardware network inference,a look-up table(LUT)-based convolution architecture built on a field-programmable gate array using integer multipliers and addition trees is used.With the help of the Winograd algorithm,the optimization of convolution and multiplication is realized to reduce the computational complexity.The LUT-based operator is further optimized to construct a processing unit(PE).Simultaneously optimized storage streams improve memory access efficiency and solve bandwidth constraints.The data toggle rate is reduced to optimize power consumption.The experimental results show that the use of the Winograd algorithm to build basic processing units can significantly reduce the number of multipliers and achieve hardware deployment acceleration,while the time-division multiplexing of processing units improves resource utilization.Under this experimental condition,compared with the traditional convolution method,the architecture optimizes computing resources by 2.25 times and improves the peak throughput by 19.3 times.The LUT-based Winograd accelerator can effectively solve the deployment problem caused by limited hardware resources.

ARRANGING MULTICAST FORWARDING TABLE IN CLASS SEQUENCE IN TERNARY-CAM FOR LINE-SPEED LOOKUP

PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory) based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip.

一种新型的Free-memory众核处理器片上通信接口

高性能计算机系统越来越多采用集群系统,集群系统的性能极大地依赖于通信接口。基于片外SRAM保存地址变换表的用户级通信方法,极大地增加了芯片和系统的设计复杂度和成本。在传统基于I/O总线的HCA基础上,提出并实现了一种新型的Free-Memory的众核处理器片上通信接口,去掉了本地存储器接口,通过高效的cache管理策略降低地址变换开销。测试结果表明我们实现的通信接口在降低了芯片和系统实现复杂度和成本的同时,还获得了比Infiniband的QDR HCA更好的通信带宽和延迟。

Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy （SMA） bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.

Adaptive Digital Predistortion Schemes to Linearize RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects

To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers （PAs） with memory effects, two correlated models, namely an extended memory polynomial （EMP） model and a memory lookup table （LUT） model, are proposed for predistorter design. Two adaptive digital predistortion （ADPD） schemes with indirect learning architecture are presented. One adopts the EMP model and the recursive least square （RLS） algorithm, and the other utilizes the memory LUT model and the least mean square （LMS） algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the EMP-based ADPD yields the best linearization performance in terms of suppressing spectral regrowth. It is also shown that the ADPD based on memory LUT makes optimum tradeoff between performance and computational complexity.

The establishment of crystal position look-up table for positron emission tomography with block detectors

A method has been developed to establish the crystal position look-up table for positron emission tomography with block detectors. It is based on the principle that the counts in crystal position histogram obey the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). This method has taken full consideration of the characteristics of the GMM and the detector itself. The experimental results have proved that it is simple, reliable, and universal.

CRC Look-up Table Optimization for Single-Bit Error Correction

Many communication systems use the cyclic redundancy code （CRC） technique for protecting key data fields from transmission errors by enabling both single-bit error correction and multi-bit error detection. The look-up table design is very important for the error-correction implementation. This paper presents a CRC look-up table optimization method for single-bit error correction. The optimization method minimizes the address length of the pre-designed look-up table while satisfying certain restrictions. The circuit implementation is also presented to show the feasibility of the method in the application specific integrated circuit design. An application of the optimization method in the generic framing procedure protocol is implemented using field programmable gatearrays. The result shows that the memory address length has been minimized, while keeping a very simple circuit implementation.

Differential Spatial Modulation Mapping Algorithms

Differential spatial modulation(DSM)is a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)transmission scheme.It has attracted extensive research interest due to its ability to transmit additional data without increasing any radio frequency chain.In this paper,DSM is investigated using two mapping algorithms:Look-Up Table Order(LUTO)and Permutation Method(PM).Then,the bit error rate(BER)performance and complexity of the two mapping algorithms in various antennas and modulation methods are verified by simulation experiments.The results show that PM has a lower BER than the LUTO mapping algorithm,and the latter has lower complexity than the former.

Device and circuit analysis of a sub 20 nm double gate MOSFET with gate stack using a look-up-table-based approach

In this paper, we explore the possibility of mapping devices designed in TCAD environment to its modeled version developed in cadence virtuoso environment using a look-up table （LUT） approach. Circuit simu- lation of newly designed devices in TCAD environment is a very slow and tedious process involving complex scripting. Hence, the LUT based modeling approach has been proposed as a faster and easier alternative in ca- dence environment. The LUTs are prepared by extracting data from the device characteristics obtained from device simulation in TCAD. A comparative study is shown between the TCAD simulation and the LUT-based alternative to showcase the accuracy of modeled devices. Finally the look-up table approach is used to evaluate the perform- ance of circuits implemented using 14 nm nMOSFET.

Accurate and fast table look-up models for leakage current analysis in 65nm CMOS technology

Novel physical models for leakage current analysis in 65 nm technology are proposed. Taking into consideration the process variations and emerging effects in nano-scaled technology, the presented models are capable of accurately estimating the subthreshold leakage current and junction tunneling leakage current in 65 nm technology. Based on the physical models, new table look-up models are developed and first applied to leakage current analysis in pursuit of higher simulation speed. Simulation results show that the novel physical models are in excellent agreement with the data measured from the foundry in the 65 nm process, and the proposed table look-up models can provide great computational efficiency by using suitable interpolation techniques. Compared with the traditional physical-based models, the table look-up models can achieve 2.5X speedup on average on a variety of industry circuits.

一种基于哈希索引的内存表模型

介绍一种基于哈希索引的内存表模型。该模型能有效提高应用系统参数查询的效率,从而提升应用系统处理性能。

查找表联合记忆效应补偿技术的宽带自适应预失真算法

为了能够对记忆型功率放大器线性化处理,并能一定程度克服其记忆效应,该文介绍一种自适应数字预失真器。该数字预失真器采用查找表与记忆效应补偿技术相结合的方法,并且利用内插值方法有效减小了查找表幅度量化过程产生的误差。相比记忆多项式预失真器,这种预失真器的计算复杂度较小,却能够得到与其相近的线性化效果。基于功率放大器记忆多项式模型,利用OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)宽带信号验证该文提出的预失真器对记忆型非线性功率放大器的良好线性化效果。

多单元散列表与TCAM结合的OpenFlow流表查找方法

在Open Flow网络中,交换机通过标准化的接口接受基于流的规则,执行基于流的报文处理。流表的查找是Open Flow交换机的核心功能,TCAM以其优异的性能广泛用于Open Flow流表的查找,然而基于TCAM的Open Flow流表查找具有较高的成本与能耗。为了降低流表查找的成本与能耗,提出了多单元散列表与TCAM结合的Open Flow流表存储与查找的方法。通过理论分析与仿真测试,给出了查找结构成本优化后的散列表、TCAM的容量配置;在该配置下,Hash-TCAM流表查找结构比单纯使用TCAM的方案节约90%以上的成本,有效降低了能耗,同时保持了相近的查找性能。

粒子群优化算法研究与发展

粒子群优化算法是一类基于群体智能的启发式全局优化技术,群体中的每一个微粒代表待解决问题的一个候选解,算法通过粒子间信息素的交互作用发现复杂搜索空间中的最优区域。本文介绍了粒子群优化算法的基本原理,并通过建立记忆表,详尽描述了粒子群优化算法中个体极优和全局极优的搜寻求解过程。同时,本文还给出了多种改进形式以及研究现状,并提出了未来可能的研究方向。

PPI雷达信号微机显示中的快速极坐标—直角坐标映射

现有的ＰＰＩ雷达信号微机显示系统采用硬件来实现极坐标－直角坐标转换．为提高系统灵活性，同时充分利用微机资源，降低成本，讨论了在ＰＰＩ雷达信号微机显示系统中极坐标－直角坐标映射的软件实现．结合实例设计了一种快速且占用内存较少的查表映射方法．采用该映射方法，配合相应的数据输入缓冲设备。