Establishment of a Parkinson’s disease model in rats via striatal one-site double injection Feasibility observation

BACKGROUND： To date, many 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）-lesioned rat models have been established by injecting 6-OHDA into two or more sites in the substantia nigra pars compacta, striatum or median forebrain bundle. The success rate of models established by this method is satisfactory, but it can raise the death rate, and is elaborate and tedious to perform. OBJECTIVE： To observe the difference between injections of 6-OHDA into the striatum from one site and two sites, and to explore the feasibility of establishing Parkinson＇s disease rat models via striatal one-site double injection. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment based on a modeling comparison was performed at the Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2005 and April 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 46 male Wistar rats were purchased from Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technical Co., Ltd., China. 6-OHDA hydrogen bromide was sourced from Sigma Co., Ltd., USA. METHODS： All 46 rats were randomized to three groups： one-site injection （n = 18）, two-site injection （n = 18）, and control （n = 10）. Lesions in rat brains were established by infusing 5 μg 6-OHDA into the striatum at the following coordinates： anteroposterior （AP） 1.0 mm, mediolateral （ML） 2.7 mm, dorsoventral （DV）-5.2 or-6.0 mm for the one-site injection group, and AP 1.0 mm, ML 2.5 mm, DV -4.5 mm/AP-0.4 mm, ML 3.5 mm, DV-4.5 mm for the two-site injection group, respectively. Rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of 0.01% ascorbic acid as above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry. Success rates of PD models established by one-site and two-site injection techniques were examined. RESULTS： One rat died in the one-site injection group and four in the two-site injection group. Thus behavioral testing was performed on 31 rats. There was no significant difference in the success rate of PD model establishment between one-site injection and two-site injection groups [82% （14/17） vs. 86% （12/14）, P 〉 0.05]. The numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase -positive neurons in one-site injection and two-site injection groups were not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05）, but they were significantly lower than in the control group（P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： A Parkinson＇s disease model can be established in rats via striatal one-site double injection.

Evaluation of “top-down” treatment of early Crohn's disease by double balloon enteroscopy

AIM: To assess "top-down" treatment for deep remission of early moderate to severe Crohn's disease(CD) by double balloon enteroscopy.METHODS: Patients with early active moderate to severe ileocolonic CD received either infusion of infliximab 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, 22 and 30 with azathioprine from week 6 onwards(Group?Ⅰ), or prednisone from week 0 as induction therapy with azathioprine from week 6 onwards(Group Ⅱ). Endoscopic evaluation was performed at weeks 0, 30, 54 and 102 by double balloon enteroscopy. The primary endpoints were deep remission rates at weeks 30, 54 and 102. Secondary endpoints included the time to achieve clinical remission, clinical remission rates at weeks 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 54 and 102, and improvement of Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity scores at weeks 30 and 54 relative to baseline. Intention-to-treat analyses of the endpoints were performed.RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were enrolled, with 38 in GroupⅠand 39 in Group Ⅱ. By week 30, deep remission rates were 44.7% and 17.9% in GroupsⅠand Ⅱ, respectively(P = 0.011). The median time to clinical remission was longer for patients in Group Ⅱ(14.2 wk) than for patients in GroupⅠ6.8 wk, P = 0.009). More patients in GroupⅠwere in clinical remission than in Group Ⅱ at weeks 2, 6, 22 and 30(2 wk: 26.3% vs 2.6%; 6 wk: 65.8% vs 28.2%; 22 wk: 71.1% vs 46.2%; 30 wk: 68.4% vs 43.6%, P < 0.05). The rates of clinical remission and deep remission were greater at weeks 54 and 102 in GroupⅠ, but the differences were insignificant.CONCLUSION: Top-down treatment with infliximab and azathioprine, as compared with corticosteroid and azathioprine, results in higher rates of earlier deep remission in early CD.

Ascher syndrome: a rare case of blepharochalasis combined with double lip and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Dear Editor,I am Dr. Yao Fu, from the Department of Ophthalmology,Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to present a rare case of Ascher syndrome.Ascher syndrome was described first in 1920, presenting as a combination of blepharochalasis, double lip, and non-toxic goitre(1)It is considered to be a rare, sporadic.

双S弯进气道锤激波动态特性研究

发动机喘振产生的瞬时高压引起的进气道内锤激波载荷是飞机进气道结构强度设计的关键因素之一。通过对飞行器进行内外流一体化非定常三维数值计算,分析双S弯进气道内锤激波三维流场非定常特性的演化过程,研究了不同马赫数,不同超压比对双S弯进气道锤激波载荷的影响。研究表明:锤激波经过进气道弯道时,弯道外侧流场压力远大于内侧;锤激波离开进气道入口后,进气道内流场经过数个周期逐渐恢复至初始状态;相同进气道反压时,来流马赫数越小,锤激波在进气道内部传播速度越快,且进气道内部压力系数峰值越大;相同来流马赫数下,随着超压比的增大,锤激波在进气道内部传播速度加快,进气道内部压力系数峰值增大。

APPLICATIONS OF HYPERGEOMETRIC SUMMATION THEOREMS OF KUMMER AND DIXON INVOLVING DOUBLE SERIES

Using series iteration techniques identities and apply each of these identities in we derive a number of general double series order to deduce several hypergeometric reduction formulas involving the Srivastava-Daoust double hypergeometric function. The results presented in this article are based essentially upon the hypergeometric summation theorems of Kummer and Dixon.

Nonsequential double ionization of nonaligned diatomic molecules N_2 and O_2

Nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） processes of nonaligned diatomic molecules N2 and O2 are studied using the S-matrix theory. Our results show that the NSDI process significantly depends on the molecular symmetry and structure. The ratio of NSDI rate to single ionization rate as a function of the field intensity is obtained. It is found that N2 behaves closely with its companion atom Ar in the ratios over the entire intensity range, while O2 exhibits an obvious suppression effect, which is qualitatively consistent with the experiment.

The Singularities of Gravitational Fields of Static Thin Loop and Double Spheres Reveal the Impossibility of Singularity Black Holes

In the classical Newtonian mechanics, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are two simple but foundational problems. However, in the Einstein’s theory of gravity, they are not simple. In fact, we do not know their solutions up to now. Based on the coordinate transformations of the Kerr and the Kerr-Newman solutions of the Einstein’s equation of gravity field with axial symmetry, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are obtained. The results indicate that, no matter how much the mass and density are, there are singularities at the central point of thin loop and the contact point of double spheres. What is more, the singularities are completely exposed in vacuum. Space near the surfaces of thin loop and spheres are highly curved, although the gravity fields are very weak. These results are inconsistent with practical experience and completely impossible. By reasonable analogy, black holes with singularity in cosmology and astrophysics are something illusive. Caused by the mathematical description of curved space-time, they do not exist in real world actually. If there are black holes in the universe, they can only be the types of the Newtonian black holes without singularities, rather than the Einstein’s singularity black holes. In order to escape the puzzle of singularity thoroughly, the description of gravity should return to the traditional form of dynamics in flat space. The renormalization of gravity and the unified description of four basic interactions may be possible only based on the frame of flat space-time. Otherwise, theses problems can not be solved forever. Physicists should have a clear understanding about this problem.

Inverted Meckel's diverticulum preoperatively diagnosed using double-balloon enteroscopy

An inverted Meckel's diverticulum is a rare gastrointestinal congenital anomaly that is difficult to diagnose prior to surgery and presents with anemia, abdominal pain, or intussusception. Here, we report the case of 57-year-old men with an inverted Meckel's diverticulum, who was preoperatively diagnosed using doubleballoon enteroscopy. He had repeatedly experienced epigastric pain for 2 mo. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed intestinal wall thickening in the pelvis. Double-balloon enteroscopy via the anal route was performed for further examination, which demonstrated an approximately 8-cm, sausage-shaped, submucosal tumor located approximately 80 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. A small depressed erosion was observed at the tip of this lesion. Forceps biopsy revealed heterotopic gastric mucosa. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with an inverted Meckel's diverticulum, and single-incision laparoscopic surgery was performed. This case suggests that an inverted Meckel's diverticulum should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a submucosal tumor in the ileum. Balloon-assisted enteroscopy with forceps biopsy facilitate a precise diagnosis of this condition.

Asymptotic solutions of the flow of a Johnson-Segalman fluid through a slowly varying pipe using double perturbation strategy

A double perturbation strategy is presented to solve the asymptotic solutions of a Johnson-Segalman （J-S） fluid through a slowly varying pipe. First, a small parameter of the slowly varying angle is taken as the small perturbation parameter, and then the second-order asymptotic solution of the flow of a Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe is obtained in the first perturbation strategy. Second, the viscoelastic parameter is selected as the small perturbation parameter in the second perturbation strategy to solve the asymptotic solution of the flow of a J-S fluid through a slowly varying pipe. Finally, the parameter effects, including the axial distance, the slowly varying angle, and the Reynolds number, on the velocity distributions are analyzed. The results show that the increases in both the axial distance and the slowly varying angle make the axial velocity slow down. However, the radial velocity increases with the slowly varying angle, and decreases with the axial distance. There are two special positions in the distribution curves of the axial velocity and the radial velocity with different Reynolds numbers, and there are different trends on both sides of the special positions. The double perturbation strategy is applicable to such problems with the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe.

Double laminated reduced graphene/Cu_2S/reduced graphene/graphene oxide nanofilms and their photoelectrochemical properties

In this work, an efficient photocatalytic material was prepared directly on Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates by fabricating Cu2S and graphene oxide onto graphene for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The double laminated reduced graphene/Cu2S/reduced graphene/graphene oxide (RG/Cu2S/RG/GO) nanofilms were characterized, and an enhanced photoelectrochemical response in the visible region was discovered. The photocurrent density of the nanofilms for PEC water splitting was measured to be up to 1.98 mA/cm(2), which could be ascribed to the followings: (i) a higher efficiency of light-harvesting because of GO coupling with Cu2S that could broaden the absorbing solar spectrum and enhance the light utilization efficiency; (ii) a stepwise structure of band-edge levels in the Cu2S/GO electrode was constructed; (iii) double laminated electron accelerator (RG) was used in the Cu2S/GO materials to get better electron-injecting efficiency. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Intensity of the Reverse Sexual Double Standards in Females and Males and Possible Factors

Despite past researches on the sexual double standards(SDS),recent research has found that another type of sexual double standard exists,which is the reverse sexual double standard(i.e.reverse SDS,which means that men are judged more harshly than women in comparative sexual behaviors).According to previous researchers,the reverse SDS may stem from women’s worry about being infected by transmitted sexual diseases,women’s preference for men’s virginity in sexual behaviors,and the shift in attitude towards men’s sexual behaviors.Also,women tend to judge men’s sexual behaviors based on men’s attractiveness(body appearance and financial status).The present study investigated people’s implicit endorsement of the reverse SDS among 200 adults in Shanghai(20 to 50 years old,110 women,90 men)using the Implicit Association Test(IAT)with a priming procedure to limit participants’awareness including different levels of men’s body appearance and financial status.Additionally,SDSS(sexual double standard scale)was used to measure the explicit endorsement for the reverse SDS.According to my results,adults in Shanghai endorsed both an implicit and explicit reverse SDS,but women tend to endorse it more strongly than men.Also,when men are more attractive,women will judge them less harshly.These results indicate that the reverse SDS also exists in men.Implications and limitations are indicated for future researchers to call for attention to the reverse SDS and gender equality.

Computing Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy of the Cosmos as a Double Eigenvalue Problem

We compute the dark energy and ordinary energy density of the cosmos as a double Eigenvalue problem. In addition, we validate the result using two different theories. The first theory is based on Witten’s 11 dimensional spacetime and the second is based on ‘tHooft’s fractal renormalization spacetime. In all cases, the robust result is E(O) = mc2/22 for ordinary energy and E(D) = mc2(21/22) for dark energy. Adding E(O) to E(D) we obtain Einstein’s famous equation which confirms special relativity, although it adds a quantum twist to its interpretation. This new interpretation is vital because it brings relativity theory in line with modern cosmological measurements and observations. In particular, we replace calculus by Weyl scaling in all computation which is essentially transfinite discrete.

Nutrition Bowl"Double Covering"Cutting Propagation Technique for Llex cornuta var.fortunei S.Y.Hu

Llex cornuta var.fortunei S.Y.Hu is a good ornamental tree species for viewing fruits and leaves,and has a wide range of garden uses.Nutrition bowl cutting seedlings can improve the survival rate of L.cornut a var.fortunei S.Y.Hu transplanting and greening,and has the advantages of no time limit for planting and saving management costs.Based on this,this paper introduced the container seedling double-covering cutting technology for L.cornut a var.fortunei,to provide a reference for the propagation of L.cornut a var.fortunei.

Double-difference tomography of P- and S-wave velocity structure beneath the western part of Java, Indonesia

West Java in the western part of the Sunda Arc has a relatively high seismicity due to subduction activity and faults.In this study,double-difference tomography was used to obtain the 3D velocity tomograms of P and S waves beneath the western part of Java.To infer the geometry of the structure beneath the study area,precise earthquake hypo・center determination was first performed before tomographic imaging.For this,earthquake waveform data were extracted from the regional Meteorological,Climatological,Geophysical Agency(BMKG)network of Indonesia from South Sumatra to Central Java.The P and S arrival times for about 1,000 events in the period April 2009 to July 2016 were selected,the key features being events of magnitude>3,azimuthal gap<210°and number of phases>8.A nonlinear method using the oct-tree sampling algorithm from the NonLinLoc program was employed to determine the earthquake hypocenters.The hypocenter locations were then relocated using double-difference tomography(tomoDD).A significant reduction of travel-time(root mean square basis)and a better clustering of earthquakes were achieved which correlated well with the geological structure in West Java.Double-difference tomography was found to give a clear velocity structure,especially beneath the volcanic arc area,i.e.,under Mt Anak Krakatau,Mt Salak and the mountains complex in the southern part of West Java.Low velocity anomalies for the P and S waves as well as the vp/vs ratio below the volcanoes indicated possible partial melting of the upper mantle which ascended from the subducted slab beneath the volcanic arc.

世爵C8 Double 12 S

与其说世爵的汽车是产品，倒不如说它们是艺术品。首先，现在不可能再有人像他们一样生产工业产品。其次，世爵的每一辆汽车都满载着设计和制造者的感情和心血。

DOUBLE HIGH ORDER S－BREAKING BIFURCATION POINTS AND THEIR NUMERICAL DETERMINATION

We consider double high order S-breaking bifurcation points of two-Parameter dependent nonlinear problems with Z_2×Z_2-symmetry. Because of the underlying symmetry we could propose some regular extended systems to determine double high order S-breaking bifurcation points. and we could also show that there exist two quadratic pitchfork bifurcation point paths passing through the point being considered.

Capacitive Model and S-Parameters of Double-Pole Four-Throw Double-Gate RF CMOS Switch

In this paper, we have analyzed the Double-Pole Four-Throw Double-Gate Radio-Frequency Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (DP4T DG RF CMOS) switch using S-parameters for 1 GHz to 60 GHz of frequency range. DP4T DG RF CMOS switch for operation at high frequency is also analyzed with its capacitive model. The re-sults for the development of this proposed switch include the basics of the circuit elements in terms of capacitance, re-sistance, impedance, admittance, series equivalent and parallel equivalent of this network at different frequencies which are present in this switch whatever they are ON or OFF.

从All Men Are Brothers看赛珍珠的女性主义意识

本文用女性主义翻译理论分析赛珍珠的All Men Are Brothers,从译本序、词汇、句法、段落四个方面将原文、赛珍珠的译本和男性译者沙博理的译本进行比较分析。

2022年6月1日四川芦山M_(S)6.1地震的震源参数及其构造启示

2022年6月1日四川芦山发生M_(S)6.1地震.基于四川区域台网的地震资料,采用HypoDD(双差重定位)方法对芦山M_(S)6.1地震序列ML≥1.0的地震事件(2022年6月1日至7日)进行了重定位,利用gCAP(generalized Cut And Paste)波形反演方法获取了序列中M_(S)≥3.0地震的震源机制和矩心深度,同时用Bootstrap方法评估了主震震源机制结果的稳定性以及计算了不同机构得到的多个震源机制中心解的最小旋转角,计算了现今区域应力场体系在2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震和2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震震源机制节面产生的相对剪应力和正应力,并根据芦山M_(S)6.1地震序列重定位后的震源位置拟合了发震断层面,分析了该地震序列的发震构造.获得的主要结果如下:(1)芦山M_(S)6.1地震序列主要沿着双石—大川断裂呈现NE-SW向的优势展布,初始破裂深度主要集中在10~18 km,平均深度14.5 km,整体呈现西北浅、东南深的空间分布特征.芦山M_(S)6.1主震和M_(S)4.5余震均位于余震区东南端,序列中其余的地震大都位于主震的西北侧,呈现为单侧破裂的特征,发震断层面倾向为SE向.(2)Bootstrap方法估算的误差以及多个震源机制中心解的最小空间旋转角均显示gCAP反演得到的主震震源机制误差较小,结果较为稳定可靠,芦山M_(S)6.1主震震源机制解为节面Ⅰ:走向228°、倾角46°、滑动角106°;节面Ⅱ:走向26°、倾角46°、滑动角74°,矩心深度12 km,矩震级MW5.8,M_(S)≥3.0余震的震源机制为逆冲型,震源矩心深度介于11~13 km.P轴方位主要为NW-SE向,与区域构造应力场的方向基本一致.(3)震源机制与应力场关系模拟结果表明2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震和2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震发震断层面的形状均处于相对剪应力和正应力的抑制节面,且不利于应力的充分释放.结合已有地质构造和以上分析结果,认为2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震震源机制的节面Ⅱ为该地震断层面,发震构造极有可能为走向NE且倾向SE的隐伏逆冲断层,可能和2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震走向NE、倾向NW发震构造上的次级反冲断层有关,这与2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震发震构造倾向NW的断层方向有所不同.

基于C/S架构的双重加密可逆信息采集系统设计

可逆信息采集系统为单向采集模块,其采集范围不可控,导致采集丢包率增加。为此,设计基于C/S架构的双重加密可逆信息采集系统。搭建STM32F103VET6主控制器,接入Wi-Fi加密芯片,建立双重加密及采集指令集群,利用Web应用软件的综合C/S架构,建立可逆信息采集功能模块,关联C/S架构无线传输数据库,采集双重加密可逆信息。测试结果表明:设计系统的采集丢包率在2%以下,信息的采集和维护效率较高,具有较高的应用价值。