The Basic Principles of School Mental Health Education

School mental health education involves educators consciously,purposefully,and systematically influencing students’psychology using psychological educational methods and means based on the physical and mental development characteristics of students.The objective is to enhance students’psychological quality,develop their potential,cultivate optimistic and positive psychological traits,and promote the holistic development of their personalities.School mental health education is an integral component of quality education,a crucial element in cultivating high-quality talents for the 21st century,and a symbol of modern schools.

Primary and secondary school mental health teachers in professional identity of intervention programs

To explore the impact of teacher training on the professional identity of primary and secondary school mental health teachers, this study conducted a half-month professional development training program to 54 primary and secondary school mental health teachers, and performed measurement on the professional identity of the teachers in the experimental group and the control group with “Teachers’ Professional Identity Questionnaire”. The result shows that after the training there is a significant improvement in the professional identity of the teachers in the experimental group, and the teachers’ scores on the four dimensions of profession identity: the sense of role, the professional behavioral tendency, the occupational values, and the sense of belonging, all increased significantly. This indicates that the curriculum intervention for the primary and secondary school mental health teachers could effectively improve the teachers’ professional identity.

The mediating role of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in Chinese high school students

The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in high school students. Totally 508 China high school students completed questionnaires measuring character strengths, strengths use and mental health for middle school students＇ inventory. The correlations between character strength, strengths use and mental health were all significantly positive, 0.41 -0.65, P 〈 0.01. Character strengths significantly positively predicted mental health, and standard regression coefficient was 0.65, P 〈 0.01. Strengths use mediated partially the relationship between character strengths and mental health in high school students and the value of mediating effect was 11.3%. Strengths use played a moderated mediating role in the relationship between character strengths and mental health.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental-Emotional Wellbeing of Primary Healthcare Professionals: A Descriptive Correlational Study

The present study aimed to examine work environment related factors and frontline primary healthcare profes-sionals’mental-emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in school communities of Hong Kong.A total of 61(20%)school health nurses(frontline primary healthcare professionals)participated in a cross-sec-tional online survey from March to June 2020.Outcomes of mental-emotional health were measured using the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form(14-item scale with three subscales related to emotional,social and psychological wellbeing);the Perceived Stress Scale(10-item scale with two subscales related to perceived help-lessness and lack of self-efficacy);and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(Brief COPE),a 28-item inventory with two subscales related to adaptive and maladaptive strategies.Almost half(42.6%)of par-ticipants experienced mental health problems.Those employed in government subsidized schools had signifi-cantly lower scores in mental health wellbeing than those who worked in private schools.Factors relating to increased mental health problems included lack of emotional support,inadequate training relating to infection prevention and control measures,disengagement and self-blame.A variety of factors influencing school health nurses’social,emotional and psychological wellbeing in their work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic were also reported.The mental-emotional wellbeing of school nurses may relate to their subjective feeling of lone-liness as participants were the sole frontline primary healthcare professional working in the school community during the COVID-19 pandemic.Studyfindings provide relevant evidence for management teams to build a cul-ture of psychological and social support into workplace policies and procedures.Continuous staff development and adequate social support are important to promote the mental-emotional wellbeing of primary healthcare pro-fessionals in school communities as they play a significant role in safeguarding resources during pandemics.

Coping style and mental health on high school students

Objective: To explore the coping style of high school students and its relationship to mental health. Methods: Make a survey upon 320 students through coping style questionnaire and MSMH. Results: High school students often resort to problem solving and appeal to coping factors. No distinct gender difference is found in coping style. There are different degrees of correlation between coping style and mental health. Remarkable grade difference is shown in the factor of appealing in coping style and the three factors of compulsion, anxiety and mental imbalance in mental health. Conclusion: Relatively mature coping style has come into existence among high school students, but more guidance and assistance are in need in cultivating the coping style and improving the mental health.

Investigation on Low Hemoglobin and Ascaris Infection among Primary and Secondary School Students in Hohhot

Introduction: Anemia and Ascaris infection are important indicators to reflect the health status of students. In this study, by investigating the current situation of low hemoglobin and positive rate of Ascaris eggs of primary and secondary school students in Hohhot, the health status of local primary and secondary school students is actually reflected. Objectives: To understand the prevalence of Low Hemoglobin and Ascaris infection among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot in 2015 and to give some suggestions on the health status of primary and secondary school students in Hohhot. Study Design: This project uses a cross-sectional study to investigate the distribution of disease and health status of primary and middle school students in Hohhot at a specific time, and to provide a clue to the cause of the hypothesis test. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 districts, 4 counties and 1 flag in Hohhot, a total of 36 primary and secondary schools for sample survey. Cyanine HiCN and smear method is to detect hemoglobin and ascaris eggs positive. Results: In 2015, the positive rate of low hemoglobin in primary and secondary school students was 21.45% in urban and rural areas, 33.17% in urban and rural areas, 43.69% in rural areas, 13.59% in ascaris eggs, 10.69% in urban and rural areas, 7.81% in rural areas. There are geographical differences and gender differences between cities, urban-rural junctions and rural areas (p Conclusion: The prevalence of low hemoglobin in primary and secondary school students in Hohhot is high in rural areas. The detection rate of ascaris egg positive rate in the city is high. Monitoring, publicity and education should continue to be strengthened.

Investigation on Mental Health Status among High School Students at Grade 3 in Haidian District of Beijing

Objective.To understand and analyze the mental health status of key Senior School Students at grade 3 in Haidian District of Bey ing and Senior Three Students in General Schools,so as to provide basis for mental health education and psychological intervention.Methods.A total of 263 senior three students were randomly selected from a general school and two key school in Haidian District of Beijing.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Mental Health Scale for Chinese Middle School Students(MSSMHS).Results.Of the 260 students surveyed,54.2%had mental health problems,36.5%had mild problems,8.8%had moderate problems,and 0.5%had slightly and deeply serious problems.The first three factors about examined rates of factors of mental health were anxiety,learning and interpersonal relationship.The detection rates accounted for 23.5%,23.1%and 18.8%respectively.There was no significant difference in the scores of each factor between key and ordinary middle school students(P>0.05).The scores of interpersonal,depression,anxiety and emotional factors of middle school girls were higher than those of boys,with statistical significance(P<0.05)?Conclusion.There are some mental health problems among senior students at grade 3 in Haidian District of Beijing,and female students9 are serious.Schools,families and societies should pay attention to this problem and strengthen mental health education with a focused goal.

Promoting Health Behavior Change in Canada: A Quality Improvement Project Integrating Prevention and Wellness in Frontline Care

Background: The critical need for Health Behaviour Change (HBC) for preventative care has been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This quality improvement project assessed the effectiveness and acceptability of Fountain of Health HBC tools as a minimal intervention for primary and secondary prevention among Canadian clinicians and their patients. Methods: Clinicians received HBC education and tools (paper tools and app-based) to assist their patients in setting a S.M.A.R.T (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-limited) goal at baseline and assessed four weeks later. Primary outcome measures were: 1) patient self-report of success at goal attainment;2) patient self-reported evaluation of change in well-being and health attitudes;and 3) clinician experience and engagement. Results: A total of 2184 clinicians received HBC education. Of these, 759 clinicians registered to participate in the project. 961 patients set S.M.A.R.T. HBC goals using either the paper tools (PT) or the app format. Patient data revealed nearly all patients (89% of PT users and 90% of app users) at least partially succeeded in attaining their goal at a four-week follow-up. Most patients (85% of PT and 80% of app users) also reported improvement in their well-being. A significant difference in health beliefs and attitudes was found in both PT (p < 0.001) and app users (p = 0.003). Conclusions: HBC is challenging. Educating and providing clinicians with HBC tools as a minimal intervention was found to be a successful health prevention strategy to improve patient well-being and health attitudes, and achieve S.M.A.R.T. goals. Results show HBC tools, education, and support for clinicians are both acceptable and effective for HBC in frontline care. These findings are relevant and timely given greater reliance on virtual care in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research with rigorous methodology is needed to implement programs to achieve sustainable HBC to promote health on a large scale.

高中生心理健康素养量表的编制

通过借鉴国内外心理健康素养量表的概念框架与设计理念,编制符合我国当代高中生心理健康教育发展现状,且便于在学校开展测量的心理健康素养量表。采用基于前人研究编制的52项条目的高中生心理健康素养量表和作为效标的中国中学生心理健康量表对接近全国普通高中水平的两所学校的高中生开展调查并回收有效问卷798份,经探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和信效度分析,该量表最终条目为23项,分为知识、态度、行为/技能与表现三个维度,且信效度良好,可以较好地评估我国高中生的心理健康素养水平。

信阳市小学4~6年级儿童心理健康状况与校园欺凌、学业压力的关系

目的:研究信阳市小学4~6年级儿童心理健康状况与校园欺凌、学业压力的关系,为改善儿童心理健康状况提供实证依据。方法:从信阳市抽取6所小学4~6年级儿童1736名为调查对象,采用儿童少年心理健康问卷(Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent,MHS-CA)、特拉华欺凌受害量表(学生版)(Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student,DBVS-S)、小学生学习压力问卷进行调查,采用回归分析考察变量之间的关系。结果:①单因素分析显示,男生的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于女生,DBVS-S评分低于女生(P<0.01);城区学生的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于农村,DBVS-S评分低于农村(P<0.001);独生子女的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于非独生子女(P<0.001);汉族学生的学业压力评分高于少数民族,DBVS-S评分低于少数民族(P<0.001);贫困家庭学生的DBVS-S评分高于非贫困家庭,学业压力评分、MHS-CA评分低于非贫困家庭(P<0.001);双亲家庭学生的MHS-CA评分高于单亲或其他家庭,DBVS-S评分低于单亲或其他家庭(P<0.001);留守学生的DBVS-S评分高于非留守学生,MHS-CA评分低于非留守学生(P<0.001);不同年级学生的MHS-CA评分、DBVS-S评分、学业压力评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。②Pearson相关分析法显示,小学生心理健康与校园欺凌、学业压力呈负相关(P<0.05)。③多重线性回归分析发现,影响小学生心理健康状况的因素有家庭经济状况、家庭类型、校园欺凌、学业压力、是否为独生子女、有无留守经历(P<0.05)。结论:生源地为农村、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、非独生子女、有留守经历的4~6年级儿童心理健康状况较差,且与校园欺凌、学业压力有关。

中小学生心理健康问题家校协同预防的现状及对策

采用自编的《中小学生心理健康问题家校协同预防调查问卷》,对江苏省、河南省以及新疆维吾尔自治区41所中小学的3839名学生家长和1144名教师进行问卷调查,结果发现:家长和教师对学生心理健康问题家校协同预防责任的看法不够全面;家长和教师对学生心理健康问题家校协同预防方式比较单一;家长和教师参与学生心理健康问题家校协同预防程度不够;家长和教师对学生心理健康问题家校协同预防成效不够满意;影响学生心理健康问题家校协同预防成效的家长和教师因素是多方面的,能力有限是首选因素。提高中小学生心理健康问题家校协同预防成效,应形成家校协同预防共识,提升家校协同预防能力,强化家校协同预防保障机制。

《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》测试项目调整对学生测试成绩影响的实证研究——以小初衔接阶段学生为例

目的:探究《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》(以下简称“《标准》”)测试项目调整对学生成绩的影响,为《标准》测试项目优化发展提供理论参考与实践支持。方法:3000名小学六年级和初中一年级学生分别进行《标准》(小学六)和《标准》(初中一)测试(有效测试人数2870人),对比两次测试成绩差异。结果:(1)学生《标准》(小学六)非共性项目得分、总得分显著高于《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分、总得分;(2)女生《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分、总得分显著高于男生《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分;(3)学生《标准》成绩在组别性别上存在交叉效应,男生得分的下降幅度高于女生。结论:(1)《标准》测试项目调整显著影响小初衔接阶段学生测试成绩;(2)《标准》测试项目调整后,男生成绩的下降幅度显著大于女生。为有效应对《标准》测试项目调整带来的影响,应统一男女《标准》非共性项目数量,同时降低男生《标准》非共性项目难度。

新世纪以来我国中小学生体质健康状况的变化趋势及促进策略

对新世纪以来我国中小学生体质健康状况的变化趋势进行了分析,发现中小学生的超重、肥胖以及视力不良问题仍在加剧,爆发力素质持续下降,速度素质、力量素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质虽呈现出止跌向好的趋势,但仍未得到根本性好转。为有效促进中小学生体质健康,提出相应策略:(1)健全多部门合作机制,提高学生体质健康协同治理能力;(2)推进教育评价改革,强化学生体质健康法治保障;(3)完善监测评估机制,督促地方政府、学校重视学生体质健康;(4)深化体育与健康课程教学改革,提高学生课内学习质量;(5)构建“家校社”体育联动体系,促进学生课外体育锻炼;(6)优化环境设施建设,引导学生选择积极的出行与休闲方式。

西安市中小学生视力筛查和戴镜情况分析

目的:了解西安市中小学生视力和戴镜情况,为开展近视防控工作提供科学依据。方法:在西安市16个区县对119所中小学校38 226名学生开展视力筛查和戴镜情况调查,对裸眼视力、屈光度、戴镜率、足矫率等进行统计分析。结果:西安市中小学近视率为61.53%,随着学段增加而递增(χ^(2)_(趋势)=5332.203,P<0.01),其中轻度近视率占比随着学段的升高而降低,中度、高度占比随着学段的升高呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=2671.562,P<0.01)。近视学生戴镜率为51.69%,戴镜率随着学段的升高呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1486.941,P<0.01),女生戴镜率高于男生(χ^(2)=23.659,P<0.01),城区戴镜率高于郊县(χ^(2)=102.241,P<0.01)。戴镜学生足矫率为67.08%,城区戴镜学生足矫率高于郊县(χ^(2)=4.980,P<0.05)。近视学生过去1 a内视力检查频次≥2次的占63.66%,职业高中学生视力检查频次≥2次占58.06%。近视学生居住在郊县与戴镜率呈负相关,学段升高、每年视力检查频次增多与近视学生戴镜率呈正相关(均P<0.01)。结论:西安市学生近视防控形势严峻,学生戴镜率、足矫率、视力检查频次低,需要重点关注郊县、小学、职业高中学生视力矫正情况。

积极心理干预对中学生创伤后成长的影响

对经历过重大校园危机事件的中学生开展积极心理干预团体辅导干预的实验研究,结果表明,实施积极心理干预能够提高中学生创伤后成长水平,传统心理干预中蕴含着积极趋向与积极价值,可以在一定程度上提高中学生创伤后成长水平。为提高中学生的心理健康水平,学校要重视学生心理健康教育,坚持积极心理干预与传统心理干预相结合,并推广以班级为单位的积极心理干预团体辅导活动。

北京市海淀区中小学生营养状况和饮食运动行为分析

目的了解北京市海淀区中小学生营养状况和饮食运动行为情况及不同营养状况学生饮食运动行为的差异,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法2021年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取海淀区1906名中小学学生进行饮食运动行为电子问卷调查和身高体重等体格检查。结果2021年海淀区中小学生肥胖、超重和消瘦检出率分别为15.48%、17.45%和6.28%。肥胖检出率男生(20.00%)高于女生(10.50%),超重检出率男生(21.12%)高于女生(13.41%),男女生的营养状况比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=66.658,P<0.001)。肥胖检出率由高到低依次为职高(22.85%)、小学(17.18%)、初中(15.66%)、高中(9.67%),不同学段学生营养状况比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.989,P<0.001)。含糖饮料达到每天1次及以上男生发生率为11.02%,女生为5.51%;新鲜水果少于每天1次男生发生率为22.04%,女生为17.07%;蔬菜摄入少于每天1次男生发生率为10.62%,女生为6.83%;中高强度运动少于每周3 d(包含3 d)男生发生率为51.50%,女生为65.53%;以上指标男女生比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(含糖饮料)=18.808,χ^(2)_(水果)=7.442,χ^(2)_(蔬菜)=8.511,χ^(2)_(中高强度运动)=38.441,P均<0.01)。职高、高中、初中及小学学段糖饮料达到每天1次以上发生率分别为19.27%、6.55%、7.73%和5.40%;新鲜水果少于每天1次发生率分别为42.91%、22.54%、13.85%和11.33%;蔬菜摄入少于每天1次发生率分别为23.27%、10.02%、4.32%和5.04%;不是每天吃早餐(不吃或有时吃)发生率分别为28.73%、15.03%、14.75%和8.81%;中高强度运动少于每周3天发生率分别为76.73%、71.68%、42.27%和52.34%;以上指标不同学段比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(含糖饮料)=51.430,χ^(2)_(水果)=133.072,χ^(2)_(蔬菜)=96.333,χ^(2)_(早餐)=57.002,χ^(2)_(中高强度运动)=143.140,P均<0.001)。不同营养状况学生的新鲜水果摄入少于每天1次发生率分别为消瘦(28.81%)、超重(22.87%)、肥胖(19.24%)和正常(17.94%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.569,P=0.014)。不同营养状况学生的含糖饮料、油炸食品、蔬菜摄入频率、早餐摄入情况和中高强度运动频率分布比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论海淀区中小学超重肥胖情况不容乐观,应引起学校和教育部门的重视,针对营养不良重点人群开展有针对性的预防和干预措施。

中小学校长的心理健康素养对其生活满意度、工作满意度的影响:心理健康和主动工作行为的中介作用

为了探讨中小学校长的心理健康素养对其生活满意度、工作满意度的影响,以及心理健康和主动工作行为的中介作用。本研究以心理健康素养量表、一般心理健康问卷、主动工作行为量表、生活满意度量表、工作满意度量表为测量工具对河南省283名中小学校长进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)中小学校长心理健康素养正向影响心理健康和主动工作行为;(2)中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响生活满意度;(3)中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响工作满意度。研究结果揭示了中小学校长心理健康素养通过心理健康和主动工作行为间接影响生活满意度、工作满意度的内在机制,能够为干预中小学校长心理健康素养,改善他们的生活满意度和工作满意度提供理论支持。

徐汇区中学生精神卫生知识知晓率调查分析

目的 通过对徐汇区中学生精神卫生知识知晓率调查分析,探讨人群差异及知晓水平的影响因素,进而为优化中学生心理健康教育提供参考。方法 采用先典型后分层整群随机抽样,使用《中学生心理健康知识问卷》,对徐汇区504名中学生进行调查。以精神卫生知识得分和知晓率作为评价精神卫生知识知晓水平的依据,并就性别、年级、学校级别、家庭状况、是否接受过心理咨询或心理治疗、是否会担心别人误解而拒绝接受心理咨询这5个特征进行t检验和多元线性回归进行统计分析。结果 女生精神卫生知识知晓率为76.05%,高于男生的72.46%(P<0.05);高中生为78.14%,高于初中生的71.75%(P<0.05);接受过心理咨询或心理治疗的77.76%,高于未曾接受过心理咨询或心理治疗的73.72%(P<0.05);不会担心别人误解而拒绝接受心理咨询的中学生精神卫生知晓率为77.03%,高于会担心和不知道会不会担心别人误解的中学生的68.34%(P<0.05)。结论 不同学校类型、不同家庭状况的精神卫生知识知晓水平无差异;性别、年级、是否接受过心理咨询或心理治疗和会不会担心别人误解而拒绝接受心理咨询是精神卫生知识知晓水平的影响因素。

课外补习对中小学生学业表现的影响研究——基于53项国内外实证研究的元分析

自“双减”政策颁布以来,中小学课外补习热潮得到了有效遏制,但仍有部分家长视课外补习为提升成绩的“灵丹妙药”。对于课外补习是否能有效提升学业表现,学界尚未得出一致性结论。本研究采用元分析循证方法,对2001—2022年间国内外有关课外补习对中小学生学业表现影响的53项实证研究进行量化分析,旨在探讨课外补习对学生学业表现的影响。结果显示,课外补习对学业表现的提升作用有限,补习参与度、学段、科目、学业成绩、先前学业成就、父母教育期望对学业表现具有显著调节作用。据此,提出家长应理性看待学生的学业成绩,重视对学生综合能力的评估,以及家庭、社会和学校形成育人合力的建议。