Perceptions of Nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards Sexual Health Needs of People with Mental Health Problems

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is among the fundamental packages of health care, which all clients seeking health care should receive. However, it is unclear how healthcare providers, in particular, nurses perceive the issue of people with mental problems having sexual health needs. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards sexual health needs of people with mental health problems. A general descriptive qualitative study design was utilized and data were collected using three focus group discussions (FGDs) that were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling was used to select 21 nurses who participated in the study. Nine were male, while 12 were female. Each FGD comprised seven participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and six major themes: 1) physiological interplay among different body systems, 2) disease process and effects of psychotropic, 3) participant differences in age, gender, educational level, and cultural backgrounds, 4) staff shortages in mental health units, 5) deficient record keeping, and 6) Social stereotypes and labelling theories emerged. Despite acknowledging the existence of sexual activity among people with mental health problems;participants had both positive and negative perceptions. It is, therefore, recommended that interventions aimed at strengthening implementation of SRH guidelines among nurses caring for people with mental health problems should be put in place.

Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Ecological Momentary Assessment with smartphones for measuring mental health problems in adolescents

AIM To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODS In a sample of 110 adolescents,a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a oneweek period(five times each day),was developed to explore symptom profiles,everyday problems,coping strategies,and the contexts in which the events take place.RESULTS The positive response was 68.6%.Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded.In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home,25.5% of casesthey were with their parents or with peers(20.3%).Associations were found with attention,affective and anxiety problems(P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app.Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated(rho = 0.51,P < 0.001),as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems(rho = 0.56,P < 0.001).Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems,mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family,peers,boyfriends or girlfriends(31.2%).We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context,on positive emotionality,and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.CONCLUSION EMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents' daily dynamics.It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.

Perfectionism and mental health problems:Limitations and directions for future research

Research has indicated that perfectionism is prevalent among adolescents and may be harmful in terms of its association with mental health problems.This letter aims to create a paradigm for future studies of the perfectionism.Specifically,we suggest gaps and implications that must be considered at perfectionism future research in terms of assessments,interventions,settings,potential treatments,gender,and social media.

Healing in Rwanda,Understanding and Naming Mental Health Problems:Translating Kinyarwanda Into a Clinically Applicable Language

Before the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi,reported rates of mental health disorders in Rwanda were low;Rwandan society and traditional healers had their own strategies to diagnose and address different mental health issues.Following the genocide against Tutsi in 1994,reports of psychological and mental health issues―including post traumatic stress disorders(PTSD),substance abuse and depression―increased significantly.To tackle these challenges,mental health specialists were trained―mainly in English and French―with key mental health concepts and disorders defined and elaborated in these languages.Consequently,specialists adopted Western ways of defining mental disorders and primarily referenced DSM-IV and V criteria for diagnosis.For example,most research names mental health problems that people experience as related to genocide and other events as“trauma”and“associated co morbidities”.From the research conducted by the Rwandan Biomedical Centre(RBC)on situational analysis for development of a model for management of trauma cases during the commemoration period of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda through Ubuzima Burambye project named problems that people suffered from as trauma,some concepts(such as“Ihungabana”,“Ihahamuka”,and“Ibikomere”)have been used to name trauma.But mental health professionals still prefer to name them as emotional,traumatic,collective,and/or collective traumatic crises.However,this use of primarily Western terms is a challenge for many Rwandan psychologists,as counselling sessions and other therapeutic interventions are conducted in Kinyarwanda.Such names might simplify concepts,as they are unable to fully translate the nuances within Kinyarwanda.To further study this linguistic issue,this current study investigated how people in Rwanda contextualise,name and give representations to the mental health problems they suffer from.It combined clinical and participatory action 88research,which started in February 2019.Participants were young survivors of genocide,people addicted to drugs from WAWA Rehabilitation Centre,as well as people who were received in the clinic/Uyisenga Ni Imanzi.Responses from the participants were classified according to their life experience on mental health pains.Twenty-nine percent of names of mental health problems from the participants were reflected on darkness,25%of them have named as emptiness,11%of participants have named their problems as heaviness,while rejection,bondage,physical pain each represent 8%,addictiveness or deviance is at 5%whereas dirtiness and judgement each has 3%.Different mental health symptoms―such as guilt,pessimism,anxiety,loneliness,depression and panic attacks―were identified to assess the respondents’mental health.The data collected from this group showed that guilt among respondents takes a higher number of 22%of names for mental health related to pains,compared to the other symptoms.On other side,pessimism is ranked at 19%,anxiety at 18%,loneliness at 17%expressivity at 16%and panic attacks is ranked at 8%.Looking at the effect of mental health pains on different aspect of life,data represented that the most affected aspect of life is the human mind at 52%,social problems and emotions at 18%each,human body at 9%and relations among people are affected at 4%.Human senses(e.g.,touch,taste,smell,hearing,sight)were used to identify and describe mental health pains.Results show that 62%of the identified unique names of the problems were found to belong to what people can feel,followed by sight(37%),touch(15%),hearing(13%),and smell(1%).However,there was no name for mental health pains related to taste.Clearly identifying and describing mental health issues in participants’local language is an essential step towards finding effective solutions.Naming a problem helps practitioners and patients develop a shared understanding of the issue at hand and what can be jointly done to address it.Conversely,the inability to name the actual disorder leaves patients in a state of confusion,unable to progress with their treatment despite the availability of professional assistance.

The Role of Moral Intelligence and Identity Styles in Prediction of Mental Health Problems in Healthcare Students

Background: Assessment of healthcare students’ mental health problems is an important aspect of health promotion. This study examined the roles of moral intelligence (MI) and identity styles in prediction of mental health problems in healthcare students. Methods: In a correlation study, two hundred healthcare students (100 girls, 100 boys) of Medicine, Density, and Paramedicine Colleges of Bobol University of Medical Sciences were selected. The subjects filled out three questionnaires;General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Moral Competency Inventory (MCI), and Identity Style Inventory (ISI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Pearson correlation, multivariate analysis variance model (MANOVA), and multivariate regression used to analyze the data. Results: Boys and girls did not have a meaningful difference in the mean of total GHQ, MCI, normative and informational identity. Girls had significantly higher mean level of diffused-avoidant identity than boys. There was a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence, normative identity and mental health problems of students. Also, there was a negative relationship (p < 0.05) between diffused-avoidant identity and mental health problems of students. Moral intelligence, informational and normative identity predicted 25.8% of the variance in mental health problems for girls’ students. Normative and diffused-avoidant identity predicted 21.6% of the variance in mental health problems for girls’ students. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that moral intelligence and identity status contributed to the mental health problems of healthcare students. University administrators should adopt strategies that strengthen the moral intelligence and identity maturity associated with university students’ mental health.

Mental Health Problems Experienced by HIV Positive Adolescents;A Case of Choma District, Zambia

Several scholars have reported high mental health problems among adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally. However, little is known about the mental health of this peculiar group of young people in Choma district. This study aimed to determine the mental health problems experienced by HIV positive adolescents in Choma District. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), data were obtained from 103 HIV positive adolescents receiving treatment at Choma General Hospital plus a corresponding number of parents/care givers. Information about mental health services was obtained qualitatively from 10 nurses working in the mental health unit and the Antiretroviral (ART) clinic. The results showed that more than three quarters of the adolescents had mental health problems. Of this number, 57.3 percent had multiple mental health problems: predominantly emotional and peer problems. The study also found a statistically significant relationship between level of stigma and presence of mental health problems (X2 = 1.123, P = 0.003). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that multiple mental health problems particularly emotional and peer problems are prevalent among adolescents with HIV/AIDS yet are most often undiagnosed. In addition, adolescents with high levels of internalized stigma are more likely to have multiple mental health problems. The findings suggest the need to integrate psychiatric services into routine care of HIV infected adolescents, routine screening for mental health problems and provision of continued professional development among nurses managing these patients.

Self-esteem enhancement as a strategy for promoting the mental health and averting the occupational problems of nurses

In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.

How Are Minor Mental Health Problems Perceived by Traditional Chinese Medicine?

The purpose of this study was to reach a better understanding of how minor mental health problems (MMP) are perceived in China by professionals practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and by well-educated people living in three urban locations. The results derive from interviews with three TCM doctors, three TCM students and eight other students. Psychological problems are separated into two different categories: “serious” and “not serious”. MMP are labelled not as disorders or illnesses but looked upon as ordinary problems in daily living or as “heart problems”. MMP seem to have less serious consequences according to the Chinese than from a modern Western perspective. “Problems of life” rather than sickness was the category that best summarized perceptions of MMP. TCM professionals’ advice to change lifestyle and most Chinese regulate by themselves less serious mental problems. Both lay people and TCM professionals associate serious problems with pathological mental function in a disease perspective. Some reasons for and consequences of these comprehensions are discussed.

心理健康问题的当代诠释:学理与系统视角

在百年未有之大变局下,心理健康问题需要从多维的系统角度重新诠释。就心理健康问题的性质而言,要反对诊断主义、还原主义、教育万能论等“本本主义”倾向;就心理健康问题的特点而言,它是一个连续性与阶段性统一的发展系统;就心理健康问题的影响因素而言,它是人与环境相互作用的一个生态系统;就心理健康问题的作用机制而言,它是一个集文化潮流、时代变迁等社会心理因素叠加的复杂系统。因此,心理健康教育不能“就事论事”,心理健康问题更不能“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,它应该是一个有章可循的系统工程,需要创新系统思维,以学校教育、卫生健康、社会建设三个领域为横坐标,以个体、人际、群体、社会和环境五个维度为纵坐标,纵横交错、抓住结点,“综合治理、网格化治理”。

新时代高职学报编辑心理健康问题探讨

高职学报编辑作为精神文化产品的传播者,这一群体存在着诸如紧张、焦虑、抑郁、强迫思维与强迫行为和职业倦怠等心理健康问题。他们的心理健康状况需要得到有关部门的高度重视与关注,并且要采取有效措施维护他们的心理健康。在分析高职学报编辑心理健康的重要意义后,归纳了高职学报编辑存在的若干心理健康问题,并提出了提升高职学报编辑心理健康水平的有效途径。

问题导向的“钢结构设计原理”课堂理论教学改革

“钢结构设计原理”是道路桥路与渡河工程专业的核心专业课程,扎实提升课堂理论教学效率和效果是该课程教学改革的重要任务和目标。细致分析“钢结构设计原理”的课程内容特点以及由此导致学生学习过程中存在的问题,有针对性地提出从多层次网格模块化教学内容、建立“思维主线”、引入真实工程案例、坚持精确理论推导与定性分析相结合、开展课程横向比较等方面开展课堂理论教学改革,进而从根本上提升课堂理论教学的效率与效果。

构建规范化的青少年心理健康评估与分级管理体系

青少年阶段是个体身心发育的关键时期,也是焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍、双向情感障碍等多种精神疾病的首次发作时期,该时期的心理健康对个体学业成绩、成年期心理健康、职业成就及家庭乃至社会稳定等方面至关重要。为提升学校、老师及家长对青少年心理健康状态的了解、管理和及时干预,有效减低青少年自伤自杀等高危事件的发生,本文分析了我国青少年心理健康问题的主要表现及形成原因,提出了完善和加强学校管理的举措,建议构建规范化的青少年心理健康评估及管理体系。

北京市怀柔区初中生心理健康问题与自尊的相关性研究

目的了解目前怀柔区初中生的心理健康和自尊的现状及其关系,为进一步开展心理健康教育和心理干预提供科学依据。方法采用普查的方式,于2022年10月至12月对北京市怀柔区在校初中生进行儿童青少年心理健康早期筛查量表和自尊量表的线上调查,共获得有效问卷2825份。结果本次调查的初中学生目前至少存在一种心理健康问题症状的发生率为46.7%,存在网络成瘾倾向的学生占比较高(30.6%),孤独感倾向、抑郁倾向及焦虑倾向的发生率分别为25.2%、19.3%、15.5%。除网络成瘾倾向维度外,其他维度得分女生均高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);初三学生的抑郁倾向的得分高于初一和初二学生,孤独感倾向得分随年级递增(P<0.05)。本次调查人群的自尊水平较好,男生的自尊水平高于女生,自尊得分随着年级递减(P<0.05)。自尊与心理健康问题的Pearson相关及偏相关分析显示,自尊与抑郁倾向、焦虑倾向、孤独感倾向及网络成瘾倾向均呈负相关(P<0.01)。线性回归分析显示自尊均能负向预测焦虑倾向、抑郁倾向、孤独感倾向及网络成瘾倾向(P<0.01)。结论本地初中生心理健康问题较为严重,自尊对其心理健康有显著的影响,应积极关注初中生的自尊的发展,并制定相关的干预策略,促进初中生心理健康发展。

海军官兵心理健康状况调查与分析

目的调查海军官兵的心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素,为制定有效的心理干预措施提供数据支撑。方法采用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12),于2021年10-11月抽样调查5336名海军官兵。运用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述性统计、卡方检验及回归分析。结果回收有效问卷5102份,有效率95.61%;GHQ-12评分为(0.55±1.18)分,心理健康高危人群占比3.06%。卡方检验显示,不同年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭经济、家庭关系、成长家庭、近亲心理疾病史、成长期间遭遇重大变故、爱好特长、近期工作压力及近期人际关系的心理健康状况分布差异有统计学意义(P≤0.001);回归分析显示,年龄(P=0.006)、家庭关系(P<0.001)、家庭经济(P=0.010)、成长期间遭遇重大变故(P<0.001)、近期工作压力(P<0.001)、近期人际关系(P<0.001)是海军官兵心理健康问题的主要影响因素。结论海军官兵心理健康状况总体良好,仍有部分官兵存在心理健康问题;海军官兵心理健康状况受多种因素影响,要着重关注官兵年龄、教育、家庭、成长经历、压力感受及人际关系异常带来的心理健康问题。

阿根廷儿童青少年心理现状及应对策略

阿根廷是世界上心理学家人均数量最多的国家,但由于新旧观念碰撞的冲突、贫困人口较多、疫情的影响等因素,儿童青少年面临较严峻的心理健康问题。为此,阿根廷政府、学校、社区多方协作,通过不断扩大心理健康服务,建立并实施国家级学校卫生保健方案,基于社区开展心理健康服务,实施联邦心理健康综合方法战略,成立心理健康和成瘾局,推广“倾听空间”,实施家庭心理健康和成瘾项目等,采取多种途径,充分利用信息化等手段,全力为儿童青少年打造支持网络,提高儿童青少年心理健康水平。

社区居民新型冠状病毒感染与睡眠问题的关系

目的:了解新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)爆发期间居民的睡眠问题发生情况,分析睡眠问题发生是否与新型冠状病毒感染有直接关联。方法:选取4810名社区居民,包括1116例新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性者(核酸检测阳性组)和3694例新型冠状病毒核酸检测阴性者(核酸检测阴性组),采用睡眠自评量表(SRSS,总分≥23阳性)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7,总分≥5阳性)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-9,总分≥5阳性)进行评测。结果:SRSS量表、GAD-7量表和PHQ-9量表筛查阳性率分别为30.5%、33.7%和27.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,控制性别、年龄段、GAD筛查阳性、PHQ筛查阳性等因素后,核酸检测阳性与SRSS筛查阳性呈正向关联(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.48~2.03)。结论:核酸检测阳性组睡眠问题发生率高于核酸检测阴性组,睡眠问题发生与新型冠状病毒感染可能有关联。

幼儿教师心理健康问题的特点、影响因素与发展趋势

21世纪以来,各类社会变迁事件对幼儿教师的心理发展造成持续影响,因此,我们迫切需要对这一群体的心理健康问题进行更深入的研究与分析,以便更好地理解其特点、影响因素及其可能的发展趋势。本研究借鉴横断历史研究方法,对2000—2022年间采用SCL-90量表测量幼儿教师焦虑、抑郁、躯体化问题、强迫问题、偏执问题和敌对问题的研究进行分析。结果发现:①幼儿教师心理健康问题整体呈缓慢上升趋势,其中强迫问题自2012年起呈显著上升趋势,且上升幅度达中等效应量(d=0.52),城市、公办和西部地区幼儿教师的心理健康恶化趋势较快。②学校数、招生数、在校生数、居民消费水平、学杂保育费、恩格尔系数、出生率、失业率和互联网普及率为代表的政治、经济、社会和技术因素对幼儿教师心理健康问题的预测作用较为明显。③未来幼儿教师心理健康问题呈现平稳波动的发展趋势。总体而言,幼儿教师心理健康问题与社会发展密切相关,可从遏制恶化趋势、破解区域失衡以及发挥协同作用出发,为幼儿教师心理健康保驾护航。

小学教师心理健康问题的特点、影响因素与发展趋势

小学教师担负着义务教育早期阶段的关键责任,深入了解其心理健康状况至关重要。本研究采用横断历史分析、线性回归模型和自回归综合移动平均模型等方法,对1998年至2020年间小学教师心理健康问题的特点、影响因素进行了系统性探讨,并预测了其未来走向。研究结果表明:①小学教师心理健康问题总体上有轻微下降趋势,并展现出性别与区域差异;②教育(小学数量、教师数量)、经济(人民币汇率)、社会人口(自然增长率)和网络技术(网民规模、国家科学技术进步奖)等宏观因素对小学教师的心理健康状况具有一定影响;③基于以往的变化历程,小学教师的心理健康问题可能会在未来五年内维持在较高水平。未来心理健康研究应明晰小学教师心理健康的变迁历程及特点,制定针对性的干预项目。心理健康服务应注重心理健康的宏观影响因素,构建多维度、多层次的服务体系。心理健康政策应具有前瞻性,预先考虑心理健康问题的发展趋势及应对策略。

民族地区初中生外化问题行为与心理韧性的关联性研究

目的本研究旨在了解民族地区初中生外化问题行为的发生情况,探究心理韧性与外化问题行为的关系,为提高民族地区初中生心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对民族地区初级中学18个班级的学生进行问卷调查,内容包括基本人口学信息、Achenbach青少年自评量表(2001年修订版)、青少年心理韧性量表。结果民族地区初中生退缩抑郁因子和注意问题因子得分低于重庆市初中生,其他因子得分、内化因子得分和外化因子得分高于重庆市初中生(P<0.05);女生、母亲最高学历为大专及以上的初中生外化行为总分较高(P<0.05);年龄≥13岁、民族为壮族和汉族、母亲最高学历初中及高中和大专及以上心理韧性总分较高(P<0.05);心理韧性高的初中生违纪行为因子和攻击行为因子得分均低于心理韧性得分低的初中生(P<0.001);相关分析中,心理韧性的目标专注、情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助和外化问题行为中的违纪行为和攻击行为呈负相关(P<0.001)。结论民族地区初中生外化行为与心理韧性水平呈负相关,可以通过提高学生心理韧性水平减少外化行为发生,提高初中生心理健康水平。