Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.

Identifying and Prioritizing the Research Needs Related to Mental Health in Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: An important function of research is to identify community needs in certain fields. As mental health is a vital issue to us, identifying and prioritizing mental health needs is important to policy makers to help them in setting goals for different programs that meet the needs of a specific community in a certain health area. Purpose: To identify the health research needs in the field of?mental health in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Design and Methods: The design was a qualitative design using?focus group, need assessment and non-structured interview for data collection. Participants: Participants included three focus groups. First group consisted of students enrolled in a master program?of community mental health nursing;second group included seven faculty members who were specialists?in mental health;and third group included six key persons from the ministry of health and?the chair of community mental health program in WHO at Gaza Strip. Results: Results of this qualitative?study revealed several themes that emerged from the thematic analysis. Many health research?needs were identified by participants. These needs included the following topics: stigma, family integration, aggression of children born to substance-abuse fathers, post-partum depression, counseling, talking therapy in clinical practice, behavioral problems, tramadole abuse, risk factors leadingto drug dependence, autism, exploring the role of religion in mental health, and Wellness Recovery Action Plan. Implication for Practice: Well designed studies will help to identify and prioritize the health needs for a specific community. Identifying the needs related to community mental health?is one of the first steps to help in pushing these needs into the agenda of health policy makers, who then will work to set goals and design policies and programs that aiming to meet the needs of the community, which hopefully will produce a community with less mental health problems.

Validating “announcer” and “confessor” styles of mental health self-disclosure through use of archived qualitative data

Two new conceptual styles of self-disclosure were identified in a previous study—“announcers” and “confessors”. The styles and characteristics of each had been derived from disclosures made during Somerset Health Panel discussions in 2001 on attitudes to stress and depression. The aim of this article is to validate and refine the concepts of “announcer” and “confessor” styles of self-disclosure. Data from archived qualitative data of seven focus groups collected in 2006 for the Cultural Context of Youth Suicide study was analysed. The results validated the concept of two styles of self-disclosure (announcers and confessors) and highlight additional factors that impact on disclosure. This study adds new insights in how people disclose personal or sensitive information and the impact of specific factors (contextual, individual and methodological) on the disclosure style used. Importantly, this article also demonstrates that qualitative data can be reused successfully in the development of models in communication and social interaction theory.

Study on the Mental and Emotional Cost of Incarceration

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that is the result of personal experiences directly involved with or witnessing traumatic or life-threating events. PTSD has profound psychobiological correlates, which can impair the person’s daily life and be life-threatening. The disorder is typically associated with military com-bat, acts of terrorism, sexual assault, bullying, exposure to abusive and toxic environments. The culture of prison encompasses and is the direct catalyst for consistent exposure to each of these elements. Considering that the United States leads the free world in the rate of incarceration, Prison-related PTSD is a serious public health and social issue. A sharp rise in ex-offenders that meet 3 or more of the criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from the Fifth Edition of the Diag-nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is alarming. We review the numbers and introduce a new perspective on how the Department of Corrections and Department of Justice can play a vital role by working to correct this problem. We discuss the need to provide long-term care for this underserved population, particularly those convicted of non-violent crimes. We present arguments in support of the notion there should be professional clinical resources available for individuals released from prison to help manage the symptoms of PTSD that were created primarily through incarceration.

临床医学专业研究生焦虑状况及应对的质性研究

目的探讨临床医学硕士研究生的焦虑状况与应对策略,为促进其心理健康提供切实可行的方法和路径。方法采用质性研究方法,对12名研究对象进行半结构化访谈,运用Colaizzi现象学7步分析法,对原始资料进行分析总结。结果提炼压力源和心理状况、人际关系、应对压力的调节方式、自我认识、职业认识和未来愿景5个主题。临床、科研和经济压力是研究对象焦虑的主要原因,他们从认知和心理、态度和行为等方面进行调整,希望未来能平衡好工作与生活。结论需从个体、学校、家庭与社会多个维度采取有效措施缓解这一群体的焦虑,促进其身心健康。

创业团队领导底线心态对主动行为的影响研究

为探究应对创业团队领导底线心态负面影响的机制,研究基于工作要求-资源模型,探讨了角色压力在领头创业者底线心态与员工主动行为关系之间的中介作用和创业团队认同的调节作用。通过两阶段的实地调研获得59个创业团队262份有效数据,采用结构方程模型、回归分析进行假设检验和模型验证。结果表明:团队成员创业团队认同水平越高,领头创业者底线心态通过角色模糊正向影响团队成员主动性行为的间接效应越大,通过角色冲突和角色过载消极影响团队成员主动性行为的间接效应越不显著。

Mental Health Care in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present and Future

We review the past, present and future state of mental health care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The past is reviewed prior to the modern era, discussing early explanations and treatments for mental health illness up through the establishment of the first mental hospital in the 1950s, tracking advances in mental health care over the past 60 years. The present is explored in terms of the current need for mental health care based on the prevalence of mental health problems in KSA. We also discuss the role of the family in caring for the needs of the mentally ill today. Finally, we look forward into the future, discuss the current education system that will produce the next generation of mental health professionals, examine areas of mental health care that need improvement, and provide a research agenda to guide the continued development of the mental health care system in KSA. Our goal is to present a blue print for the development of a state-of-the-art mental health that may serve as a model for other countries in the Middle East, while taking into account the political, cultural and religious factors that are unique to this region of the world.

老年共病患者心理危机自我表露阻碍和促进因素的质性研究

目的 深入探究老年共病患者心理危机表露的阻碍和促进因素,为促进老年患者面临心理危机时的自我表露提供依据。方法 采用现象学研究方法,访谈14例老年共病患者。结果 阻碍因素包括个人因素(内向/隐忍型性格、担心给家人带来困扰、对生命状态的负性心理)和动机因素(消极反馈、认知缺乏、时间弱化),促进因素包括感知表露后益处、良好的支持系统、个人表达意愿强。结论 老年共病患者心理危机表露存在阻碍和促进因素,应通过让患者感知表露后益处、给予良好的支持系统、丰富多种表露途径、加强患者对心理危机的认知等措施来促进老年共病患者主动表露其心理危机。

心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的研究

目的探讨心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的作用效果。方法2021年1月—2023年1月按照方便整群抽样方法选择重庆医科大学650名医学生,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各325名。照组学生给予传统说教模式的心理健康教育,观察组学生给予进行心理弹性训练。采用心理弹性量表(Connor—Davidson resilience scale,CD—RISC)评估学生干预前后的心理弹性水平,采用中国大学生心理健康量表(China college student mental health scale,CCSMHS)评估学生干预前后的心理健康水平并进行统计分析。结果干预后,2组CD-RISC量表各因子评分均有所提高,观察组各因子评分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组CCSMHS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理弹性训练能提高医学的心理弹性水平,有效改善医学生心理健康。

Differences between British and Japanese perspectives on forensic mental health systems:A preliminary study

AIM To clarify the differences in views on forensic mental health(FMH) systems between the United Kingdom and Japan.METHODS We conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with six leading forensic psychiatrists. Based on a discussion by the research team, we created an interview form. After we finished conducting all the interviews, we qualitatively analyzed their content. RESULTS In the United Kingdom the core domain of FMH was risk assessment and management; however, in Japan, the core domain of FMH was psychiatric testimony. In the United Kingdom, forensic psychiatrists were responsible for ensuring public safety, and psychopathy was identified as a disease but deemed as not suitable for medical treatment. On the other hand, in Japan, psychopathy was not considered a mental illness. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are considerable differences between the United Kingdom and Japan with regard to the concepts of FMH. Some ideas taken from both cultures for better FMH practice were suggested.

一种高精度宽范围流量供给系统设计与实验研究

为了在航空发动机试验中提供稳定精确的流量,实现航空发动机短舱泄漏面积评估,设计了一种基于音速喷嘴的高精度宽范围流量供给系统,对其进行了实验研究并对泄漏孔板模型进行标定。所设计的流量测量台采用音速喷嘴正压法,通过改变音速喷嘴个数及调节喷嘴上游压力实现流量的连续调节,并通过放置蜂窝器、气流冲击滞止消除流向动量等措施改善流场品质,提高流量测量精度。流量测量试验结果表明,测量台能够实现0.04~1.78 kg/s宽范围内的高精度连续测量;随试验流量的增大,试验稳压时间从70 s左右缩短到20 s左右;在前后压比1.5时可以保证音速喷嘴达到壅塞,音速喷嘴组个体之间无相干性。测量台结构简单,操作方便,试验流场均匀,试验重复性较好。

红景天苷对AD大鼠过氧化应激和认知损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究腹腔注射红景天苷对双侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠体内过氧化应激和认知损伤的保护作用。方法:将40只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、模型组、红景天苷高剂量组、红景天苷低剂量组,每组10只。除正常对照组外,余组通过两次双侧脑室注射STZ制备AD动物模型,正常对照组则双侧脑室注射人工脑脊液。造模后红景天苷高、低剂量组分别以高剂量(50 mg/kg)、低剂量(25 mg/kg)红景天苷腹腔注射3周,模型组和正常对照组则腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。以Morris水迷宫(MWM)检测大鼠认知行为学的改变,以活性氧(ROS)荧光探针2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)检测海马匀浆ROS水平,以羟胺法测定血浆和海马组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活力,以钼酸铵法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力,以比色法测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,以丙二醛(MDA)测定试剂盒(TBA)检测MDA的含量。结果:MWM定位航行和空间探索实验结果表明,双侧脑室注射STZ后大鼠空间学习及记忆保留能力明显受损,红景天苷腹腔注射具有一定的保护作用,其中高剂量效果更好。与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠海马匀浆ROS水平显著升高(P<0.05),血浆和海马组织中T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力显著降低(P<0.05),MDA水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,红景天苷高、低剂量组大鼠海马匀浆ROS水平显著降低(P<0.05),血浆和海马组织T-SOD、GSH-Px活力显著升高(P<0.05),MDA水平显著降低(P<0.05),且高剂量组作用优于低剂量组(P<0.05);与模型组比较,红景天苷高剂量组大鼠血浆和海马组织中CAT水平显著升高,且高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:红景天苷对AD模型大鼠认知损伤具有较好的保护效应,其作用可能与升高体内T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px多种抗氧化物酶活性,降低海马ROS水平及减轻氧化损伤有关。

严重精神障碍患者自我管理体验的Meta整合

目的:系统评价严重精神障碍患者日常生活中的自我管理经历与体验的质性研究,了解其自我管理过程中的阻碍与促进因素,以及未满足的需求,为医护人员制定干预措施,改善严重精神障碍患者的健康结局提供依据。方法:计算机检索国内外数据库中关于严重精神障碍患者自我管理体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年10月30日。结果:共纳入16篇文献,提炼57个研究结果,归纳成13个新的类别,形成4个整合结果:严重精神障碍患者面临沉重的症状负担,自我管理格外艰难;探索个体化的自我管理策略,主动寻求改变;自我管理离不开外界支持;患者在自我管理中的需求未得到充分满足。结论:患者在沉重的症状负担面前通常缺乏有效的应对策略,自我管理的阻力较大。医护人员在此过程中需要提供多方面的支持,包括对患者症状应对与自我管理技能的教育及培训、搭建同伴支持平台、促进医患共同决策等,以提升其自我管理能力,从而改善其健康结局。

基于CiteSpace的国内中小学生心理健康研究动态分析

在科技迅猛发展的当下,中小学生的心理健康问题日益受到广泛关注。文章以中国知网(CNKI)核心期刊1992—2023年收录的国内中小学生心理健康研究方面的405篇文献为数据来源,利用CiteSpace6.2.R5可视化文献分析软件绘制知识图谱,分别对其研究趋势、研究热点及演进过程进行探析。研究结果表明:1992—2023年,国内中小学生心理健康研究整体呈现先动态上升后趋于平稳的趋势,且大致分为萌芽阶段、发展阶段及成熟阶段;研究热点主要包括心理健康教育、精神卫生、心理健康服务等主题;演进过程则大致分为起步与发展阶段、深化与拓展阶段、创新与应用阶段。研究结论对中小学生心理健康教育工作者、政策制定者以及相关研究人员具有积极参考价值。

数字化赋能高职学生心理健康教育的研究

随着社会的快速发展和人才竞争的日益激烈,高职院校的学生心理健康问题现象越来越突出。党的二十大报告指出要“办好人民满意的教育”。数字化技术的推广与应用可以给高职学生心理健康教育提出新思路,提供新方法。通过数字化赋能高职院校学生的心理健康教育,可以提供更加专业、全面的心理健康教育,提高服务效率和提升服务质量,满足学生科学化和个性化的心理健康教育需求。形成一个共同推进数字化赋能心理健康教育的良好氛围和合作机制,以实现高职学生心理健康教育的目标。

中国警察心理健康的研究进展及分析

警察在维护和保障社会治安中扮演重要角色,警察的心理健康不容忽视。基于文献计量学分析,对中国知网数据库1985—2023年间收录的有关中国警察心理健康的期刊文献进行可视化分析,对中国警察心理健康的研究热点进行了总体概述和微观探析。结果显示,中国警察的心理健康问题已得到学者们的高度重视和深入探究。一方面,研究对象与内容集中,重点突出。研究主要关注了公安民警、监狱警察等警种的心理健康问题,并注重从个体和环境两方面为其提供应对措施。另一方面,研究层次清晰,导向明显。目前,主要分为中国警察心理健康问题导向研究和中国警察心理健康对策导向研究。

乳腺癌病人院外团体视觉艺术活动真实体验的质性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌病人对院外团体视觉艺术活动的真实体验。方法:采用目的抽样法选取2021年4月-8月某三级甲等医院乳腺肿瘤科15例乳腺癌病人作为研究对象,病人住院期间体验院外团体视觉艺术活动,采用面对面一对一半结构化访谈形式收集资料,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果:提炼出心理体验和身体体验两大主题,包括积极心理体验(关爱获得感、表达欣赏与喜悦、建立人际亲密联系、提升住院满意度、坚定人生信念)、消极心理体验(与社会隔离、复发担忧)、身体体验(增加运动锻炼和改善睡眠状态)。结论:院外团体视觉艺术活动对乳腺癌病人身心均有一定影响,积极影响较为突出,医护人员应建立个体化的身心体验方案和反馈机制,帮助乳腺癌病人早日康复。

我国精神障碍患者权利保护之研究的述评

从“我国精神障碍患者权利研究现状”切入,收集、整理国内近二十年相关研究成果,梳理其中的规律、特点,阐述代表性研究内容,发现近十年来关于精神障碍患者之权利保护的研究成果不断增加,相关研究成果呈现“先冷中热后缓”的状态,高水平论文数量占比不低但分布不均,研究内容主要集中于某几项热点权利,而在研究方法方面则以理论探讨和研究为主、较少实证研究和定量分析。

数字疗法全球科学研究合作态势分析

目的通过统计数字疗法相关论文,分析数字疗法领域的全球科研合作态势。方法在文献数据库中检索数字疗法相关论文,分析各国和各机构在该领域的论文数量变化趋势,构建全球合作网络,计算社会网络指标,并采用优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)评估各国和各机构在全球合作中的重要性。结果截至检索日,数字疗法领域科技论文共计3224篇,其中2014年至今达3171篇(占98.36%)。美国发文量最多(1097篇),合作对象数量(75个)和合作次数(851次)仅次于英国,因在全球合作网络中处于中心位置而获得最高TOPSIS评分。英国发文量居第二位(776篇),合作对象数量(77个)和合作次数(865次)略高于美国,TOPSIS评分略低于美国。哈佛大学、伦敦国王学院、伦敦大学学院、牛津大学和墨尔本大学的合作对象数量和合作次数均较多,TOPSIS评分较高,其中前两个机构领先优势明显。结论数字疗法领域在过去十年间快速发展,美国和英国科学研究起步较早,在该领域产出了丰硕的成果,在全球合作网络中处于中心位置;其他各国相对落后于英美。以哈佛大学、伦敦国王学院为代表的研究机构近几年产出迅速增多,推动该领域朝智能化、个性化方向发展。

高校心德共育的顶层设计、内在逻辑与教学实践

对党和政府在心理健康教育和思想道德教育相结合方面的顶层设计进行深入分析,提出了心理健康教育与思想道德教育相结合顶层设计的内在逻辑。内在逻辑主要体现在教育目标与哲学基础的统一性、教育团队与教育受众的整合性、核心理念与教育内容的重叠性、教育要素与教育方法的互补性。基于此,设计了一套育心与育德相统一的心理健康课程教学内容方案。从制度、理论和实践等三个维度深化对心理健康教育与思想道德教育相结合的理解,并为构建心理健康课程成为高校立德树人的“高产田”提供参考依据。